In fact, plum tree is not a serious fruit tree, but like other fruit trees, it also has physiological fruit drop. For example, "fruit drop in June" is not only "fruit drop in June", but also two kinds of physiological fruit drop. The first time is falling flowers. This time, the flowers have just opened. This time, the flower was eliminated because of organ insufficiency and loss of fertilization ability. This kind of flower drop is mainly related to the business situation of the previous year, such as excessive fruiting, premature defoliation or rapid growth of new buds in autumn, incomplete flower bud differentiation or incomplete terminal growth in the previous year, etc. However, during the flowering period, flowers will survive and compete with each other because of too many flowers, low or dry temperature in early spring, and incomplete flowers due to damage to flower organs for some reason.
The second time was fruit dropping, and this time it was the early stage of fruit setting. When the fruit is as big as a matchstick, the young fruit and stem turn yellow and fall off. The main reason is that the pollen does not germinate or even stop growing in the middle of germination due to poor climatic conditions after pollination, and loses vitality before reaching the ovule, and finally almost all unfertilized pollen falls off.
In the final analysis, there is only one reason, that is, our management problems, whether it is varieties or nutrition, or poor pollination. Generally speaking, we didn't do detailed management. But specifically, there are many and complicated reasons for plum blossom and fruit drop, and almost any improper management will cause fruit drop, such as the following aspects:
First, the external environment. For example, when plum trees are exposed to low temperature and frost, normal physiological activities will be disturbed and hindered, which is extremely unfavorable for pollination and fertilization. Especially after late frost weather or low temperature, when encountering strong wind, the impact is more serious, resulting in a large number of flowers and fruits falling. In addition, in the flowering and fruiting period, more rain and short sunshine will also cause flowering and fruiting. Because of this climate, the transpiration of plum trees will not only weaken, but also affect the synthesis and supply of nutrients, and pollination will also be blocked, leading to flowering and fruiting.
Second, extensive management. Extensive management is a typical lack of water and fertilizer management, such as no fertilization or too little fertilization, improper operation of fertilization technology, or improper pruning, too many branches left, and insufficient nutrition, which leads to a large number of flowers and fruits falling. For example, drought and water shortage can not meet the large amount of water needed for flowering and young fruit growth, which leads to flowers and fruits falling. This phenomenon is more serious in Meizhou water shortage area. In addition, when the orchard is deeply turned over, the root system is damaged, which affects the absorption of nutrients and water, and also causes some flowers and fruits to fall.
Third, improper cultivation. Because plum trees are fake self-pollinated fruit trees, if no suitable pollinated trees are planted in the field, the variety of plum trees is single or the proportion of pollinated trees is small, which will also lead to poor pollination and fertilization, leading to falling flowers and fruits.
Fourth, pests and diseases. The harm of pests and diseases is easy to understand. After any fruit tree has diseases and insect pests, a large number of flowers and fruits will fall off. The key point is that if unscientific drugs are used and sprayed at an unreasonable time after the occurrence of plum tree diseases and insect pests, it will cause phytotoxicity and fruit loss.
In order to prevent plum trees from falling flowers and fruits, comprehensive management is actually needed. As long as we do a good job in pest control, pruning and shaping, pollination tree configuration, water and fertilizer management, and prevention of bad weather. Generally, there won't be many fallen flowers and fruits. Plums are almost ripe this season. At this time, let's talk about how to prevent "fruit falling in June".
In fact, the key to prevent "fruit drop in June" is to ensure the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of plum trees, especially in autumn, and it is necessary to reapply base fertilizer to ensure the storage nutrition level of the trees and promote the accumulation of storage nutrition. In addition, multiple topdressing is required during flowering and fruiting:
Topdressing and flowering fertilizer The amount of topdressing at flowering stage mainly depends on the strength of the tree. If the base fertilizer is applied sufficiently and the tree is strong, it should be applied less or not, so as to avoid the flowering of flowers and branches, resulting in falling flowers and fruits. On the contrary, it is necessary to apply more chemical fertilizers, mainly quick-acting fertilizers.
Strong fruit fertilizer topdressing. This kind of fertilization is to prevent "fruit falling in June". Fertilization should start one month before the fruit ripens, and the amount of fertilization is about 20% -30% of the annual amount of fertilization. Fertilization is mainly to promote the expansion and coloring of fruits to meet the needs of branch growth, so the use of phosphate fertilizer should be increased in fertilization.
Confucius said that fertilizer is the fertilizer after harvest, and the purpose of fertilization is to make the branches full in time. Fertilizer can be 0. 3% urea and 0. 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Whether applying base fertilizer or topdressing, we should pay attention to fertilization, which is determined according to the age of the tree, fruit yield and tree growth.