1, Pruning Peach Tree Planting Techniques and Management Methods
(1) tree. In production, three main branches of natural happy shapes are mainly used. The main points of shaping are as follows: after seedling planting, the height of trunk is 50 cm, and the buds in the shaping belt remain strong and weak. When the new branches on the trunk grow to 20 cm, 4 ~ 6 strong branches are selected and the rest are thinned; When the new branch grows to 30 cm, select 3 branches and keep them as permanent branches. The selected main branches should grow similarly and be evenly distributed, and the opening angle of the main branches should be 50. About. In the second or third year after planting, there are 1 ~ 2 auxiliary branches on the main branch every 60 cm, and the whole tree can be equipped with 3 ~ 6 auxiliary branches with a base angle of 75. About.
(2) pruning in winter. Shortcut: Cut off some long 1 annual branches. Often used to prune trunk branches and extension branches. Generally, young trees, flourishing trees and strong branches should be as light and short as possible, and the stubble of old trees, weak trees and twigs should be aggravated. Thinning: Cut thick branches, useless long branches and drooping branches from the base. Retraction (shrinkage cutting): 65,438+0 stout lateral branches are left in the perennial branches, and the tops are cut off. When shrinking peach trees, special attention should be paid to the branches left under the cut, otherwise the growth potential will be weakened, and the cut should be protected to prevent pests and diseases.
(3) Pruning in growing season. Re-cutting and budding: For young trees and flourishing trees that are lightly cut and densely planted during dormancy, if there are too many fruits and too dense branches after budding and flowering in spring, they can be re-cut and cut off thinner fruiting branches. Bud wiping is mainly to erase competitive buds, clustered buds on the crown and cut combined buds. Core-picking: Picking the tender parts at the top of the growing new shoots to promote the development of secondary branches and expand the fruiting area. Kneading: when the new branch is 20 ~ 30cm long and not lignified, it is kneaded 90 degrees at the base of the new branch 5 ~10cm. Twisting branches can change the potential of branches and twist upright clustered branches and other flourishing branches into fruiting branches. Retraction of fruit branches: cutting off the branches and the unfruitful parts at the front ends of fruit branches is beneficial to concentrate nutrition on the fruits and the new shoots left behind. Cutting off new shoots: cutting off 3 ~ 5 buds from vigorous new shoots to improve light conditions and cultivate fruiting branches. Branch opening: by pulling, supporting, hanging and grading, the branch opening angle is large.
2. Flower and fruit management
(1) Sparse flowers and fruits. Sparse flowers: generally, it is better to do it in the early flowering stage. The objects of flower thinning are early flowers, late flowers, deformed flowers, small flowers, sky flowers, leafless flowers and so on. And the distance between flowers should be even and the layout should be reasonable. Bud retention standard: leave 5 ~ 6 single buds for long fruit branches; 3-4 middle fruit branches; Leave 2 ~ 3 robust buds for short fruit branches and bouquets; There are no buds left on the preparatory branches; There are no buds near the main branches, lateral branches or extended branches of young trees. Fruit thinning: generally divided into 2 times. 1 fruit thinning After 1 physiological fruit dropping, fruit thinning is carried out for small fruits, double fruits, abnormal fruits and diseases and insect pests from late April to early May, about 20 days after flower dropping. The second fruit thinning is fruit setting. After the second physiological fruit drop, the fruit drop amount is fixed in the middle and late May, about 35 ~ 42 d after flower drop, depending on the variety and tree potential. Generally, there are 2 ~ 4 long fruit branches, 1 ~ 3 middle fruit branches and 1 short fruit branches; There are few varieties of big fruits and many varieties of small fruits.
(2) bagging. Bagging can prevent pests and diseases, birds and animals from harming fruits, reduce red pigment, promote uniform ripening of fruits, improve quality, reduce rotten fruits and increase good fruit rate.
3. Soil, fertilizer and water management
(1) soil management. Peach trees have well-developed roots and many absorbed roots, but the distribution is shallow, mainly concentrated in the soil surface layer of 20 ~ 40 cm. Generally, deep ploughing is needed in autumn 1 to make the soil mature. During the growing season, it is necessary to cultivate and weed frequently, keep the soil loose and ventilated, and reduce the source of pests and diseases.
(2) fertilization. Base fertilizer: 65,438+0 times in autumn, and the most suitable period is September ~ 65,438+00. Give priority to with slow-acting organic fertilizer, combined with increasing the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other quick-acting fertilizers. Fertilization methods include annular furrow fertilization, radial furrow fertilization and zonal fertilization. Topdressing: Generally, it can be carried out in 4 times. (1) Pre-flowering fertilizer: after soil thawing, combined with irrigation, mainly available nitrogen; (2) withering fertilizer: applied within 7 days after flowering, with available nitrogen as the main component and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the supplement; ③ Fruit-strengthening fertilizer: applied in the fruit hard core stage at the beginning of June, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer, and peach trees lacking nitrogen fertilizer should be combined with some nitrogen fertilizer; (4) Post-harvest fertilizer: applied after the fruit is harvested, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. In addition, topdressing outside the roots can be combined with spraying. frequently-used
The fertilizer and its concentration are: 0.3% ~ 0.5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% ~ 0.5% of urea, 0.2% of ferrous sulfate, 0% ~ 20% of leaching solution of plant ash/Kloc, 0/%of zinc sulfate/Kloc, plus 0.5% of hydrated lime (sprayed during dormancy) and 0.2% of boric acid.
(3) Water management. Although peach trees are drought-tolerant, they should be irrigated in time during the fruit expansion period to promote the development and expansion of fruits. In addition, irrigation should be done in time after each topdressing. Peach trees are most afraid of waterlogging, which makes them yellow and weak, and even leads to death. When it rains, ditch and drain in time.
The medicinal value of peaches was called by Sun Simiao, a pharmacologist in Tang Dynasty? The fruit of the lungs? , also said? Should lung disease be eaten? . Chinese medicine calls the lungs? Dirty? I like humidity and hate dryness.
Peach pulp is rich in protein, fat, sugar, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B, vitamin C and a lot of water. For chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, atelectasis, silicosis, tuberculosis and other diseases, such as dry cough, hemoptysis, chronic fever, night sweats, etc., it plays a health care role in nourishing yin and promoting fluid production, benefiting qi and moistening lung.
Peaches are rich in gum, which can absorb a lot of water in the large intestine and prevent constipation.
The nutrition of peaches is very superficial. It is said in Daming Materia Medica that drying peaches and taking them regularly can play the role of beauty beauty. The sugar content of dried peaches is too high. It will be much better to take it with boiling water and add a little green tea or herbal tea, and it can also improve the flavor.
Usage and dosage of peaches