About vertigo

Vertigo often occurs repeatedly and suddenly. When the patient has an attack, he feels that the surrounding scenery has a sense of rotation, shaking and lifting, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, cold sweat, pallor, dare not open his eyes, limited activity, imbalance, tinnitus and hearing loss.

Patients should not only go to regular hospitals for treatment, but also pay attention to their own aftercare: to treat their own diseases correctly, they should not be indifferent and worry too much. Long-term sadness and tension are more likely to aggravate the imbalance of autonomic nerve function and aggravate the condition. On weekdays, we should maintain an optimistic and comfortable mood, participate in recreational activities appropriately, and clear up the tension. The patient's bedroom should be clean and quiet, and the light should be slightly dim.

Diet should be light and nutritious. You can often eat fish, meat, eggs, vegetables, fruits and other foods, and avoid greasy and spicy products. In addition, due to the particularity of the disease, patients are also required to eat a low-salt diet and pay attention to drinking less water.

It is necessary to attach importance to exercise, formulate an appropriate exercise plan according to physical condition, persevere and step by step, so as to achieve the purpose of strengthening physical fitness and improving disease resistance.

Get enough sleep and avoid mood swings. Anxiety, anger, nervousness and anxiety can all lead to dizziness. When vertigo attacks, you must stay in bed and swing your head from side to side.

How to prevent sinusitis

Sinusitis is a common and frequently-occurring disease in otorhinolaryngology. Clinically, chronic patients are more common.

Prevention of sinusitis should pay attention to the following points:

1, don't think that catching a cold is a trivial matter. Many people often become sinusitis or become chronic because they are not treated in time.

2, enhance physical fitness, pay attention to temperature changes, and prevent colds and colds.

3. Prevent and actively treat acute infectious diseases such as influenza, whooping cough and measles, especially in childhood.

4. Educate children not to stuff toys and food into the nasal cavity, actively treat diseased teeth and reduce odontogenic maxillary sinusitis.

5, actively treat rhinitis, nasal septum deviation, improve sinus drainage, if hyperplasia and hypertrophy, go to the hospital for surgery.

Sinusitis should be treated actively in the acute stage. Once it becomes chronic or polyposis or total sinusitis, the treatment is more complicated, so prevention is very important.

nosebleed

Nosebleed is a common symptom. Some people bleed when their noses are touched slightly, or they often bleed when they are not touched. If nosebleeds caused by diseases can be ruled out, it is generally related to dry climate, dust stimulation, overeating spicy fried food, trauma and nose-picking habits. Occasionally, a small amount of nosebleeds will stop bleeding naturally as long as you pinch it with your fingers, but don't swallow it and spit it out in time, because a lot of blood will stimulate. If the bleeding can't be controlled, it should be sent to the hospital for emergency treatment in time.

To prevent nosebleeds, we should pay attention to emotional stability and combine work and rest; Don't overeat spicy, fried and smoked foods, quit smoking and avoid alcohol, and eat more fresh fruits and vegetables; Minimize the stimulation of dust and harmful gases, get rid of the bad habit of picking your nose and avoid trauma. Be alert to nasal cavity tumors.

To treat nosebleeds, the nasal cavity is often dry and prone to nosebleeds. You can apply chlortetracycline eye ointment to the nasal cavity, or drop paraffin oil into the nose and take vitamin C or vitamin K4 orally three times a day.

Differential diagnosis of nasal polyps

Nasal polyps are mostly bilateral. If a polypoid mass is found on one side, the following diseases should be noted:

1. Retromaxillary sinus polyps are more common in adolescents. Anterior nasal endoscopy or fiberoptic nasal endoscopy showed that the gray smooth pedicle extended backward from the front end of the middle nasal passage to the posterior nostril. Posterior nasal endoscope shows that polyps are located in the posterior nostril, and the large ones can protrude into the nasopharyngeal cavity or even the oropharynx.

2. Hemorrhagic polyp in nasal septum is more common in young people. Tumors mostly occur in the nasal septum, dark red, single, small in size, easy to bleed when touched, and patients often have a history of epistaxis. It is generally believed that it is caused by hematopoietic cells remaining in the embryonic process.

3. Inverted papilloma often has a history of nosebleed or nosebleed. The tumor is red or grayish red, and its surface is not smooth. Small ones are similar to polyps, but they bleed more when they are removed. It is also easy to bleed when touching. The final diagnosis requires pathological examination.

4. Malignant tumor of nose is dark red, easy to bleed when touched, with uneven surface and obvious nasal odor. Most patients are past middle age.

5. Intranasal meningoencephalocele masses are mostly located at the top of nasal cavity, with smooth surface and pink color. Nasal congestion is not obvious, with a long history and slow progress. More common in children.

6. Other rare intracranial tumors, such as chordoma, neuroblastoma and pituitary adenoma, protrude into the nasal cavity.

In addition, if the elderly patients have a history of nasal polyps surgery for many times, they should pay attention to the possibility of malignant transformation, especially those with more bleeding during the operation.

X-ray films of patients with nasal polyps show that ethmoid sinus is uniform and cloudy. The mucosa of the maxillary sinus is thickened, and sometimes a small semicircular shadow can be seen, suggesting that there are mucosal polyps in the sinus cavity. The above characteristics of X-ray film are the manifestations of proliferative sinusitis, and if secondary infection occurs, it is the sign of suppurative sinusitis.

Classification of nasal polyps

Microscopic examination shows that the tissue structure of nasal polyps is not exactly the same and can be divided into three types:

(1) allergic polyp. It is often bilateral. If the cause of allergy cannot be eliminated, polyps will recur after resection. In addition to obvious edema, there are a large number of eosinophils infiltrating, and the basement membrane of the mucosa is obviously thickened (glassy) and epithelial metaplasia.

(2) Inflammatory polyp. Unilateral or single polyp formation, mostly caused by local infection, is not easy to recur after resection. The edema is slight, and the inflammatory cells exuded are mainly neutrophils and monocytes. Epithelial metaplasia and basement membrane thickening are rare and can be distinguished from allergic polyps.

(3) Polyps in the retronasal foramen. This is a clinical name, because polyp has a long pedicle, which extends from the nasal cavity through the posterior hole into the nasopharynx. In fact, acute or allergic nasal mucosal edema does not heal for a long time, and the lesions are mainly inflammatory edema and inflammatory infiltration, without interstitial degeneration and hyperplasia, so nasal polyps belong to inflammatory lesions. However, because nasal polyps form masses, they are often called "tumor-like lesions", but in fact they generally do not become malignant. Nasal polyps are sometimes very large, even up to several centimeters in size, filling the nasal cavity, leading to nasal congestion, poor breathing, or valve-like opening and closing. Nasal polyps are often accompanied by symptoms such as dysosmia, headache, and excessive nasal sound when speaking. Nasal congestion leads to secretion stagnation, which can induce sinusitis. At this time, the secretion is suppurated. Huge nasal polyps can completely fill the nasal cavity and even push the nasal bones outward, changing the shape of the nose.

nasal polyp

Nasal polyp is a common disease in adults and rarely occurs in children. Nasal polyps often occur in the free margin of middle turbinate and ethmoid sinus area at the outlet of maxillary sinus. The appearance of nasal polyps is very similar to tumor, but it is not tumor tissue, but nasal mucosa is highly edematous due to long-term stimulation or allergic reaction of chronic inflammation, which hinders venous and lymphatic reflux, causes interstitial dilatation and irreversible edema, and finally forms nasal polyps.

The main symptom is that nasal congestion is aggravated with the increase of polyp volume or quantity. Nasal sound, head swelling discomfort, mostly nasal abscess, if it is related to allergies, you can shed clear tears. Because polyp hyperplasia fills the nasal cavity and even exposes the nostrils. Some can enlarge the nasal cavity, widen the back of the nose and form a protruding shape, which is called "frog nose" in medicine. If nosebleeds often occur, patients are older, and a few may become cancerous, so be vigilant.