After three years, dried peppers can be picked per catty 1 catty, and the income per acre is at least 2600 yuan.
After five years, each plant will pick an average of 2 kg of dried peppers, and the income per mu will be 4000 yuan.
After eight years, the average yield of dried pepper per plant is about 4 kg, and the income per mu is 5000-6000 yuan.
1. The cost of planting an acre of Zanthoxylum bungeanum varies with varieties and regions. The cost of planting an acre of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is between 600- 1200 yuan, and the biggest difference is the labor cost of picking Zanthoxylum bungeanum.
Second, about 70 plants will be planted on an acre of land, which will bear fruit in two years. After three years, dried peppers can be picked per catty 1 catty. After five years, each plant can pick 2 kilograms of dried peppers on average, and after eight years, each plant can pick about 4 kilograms of dried peppers on average. According to this year's price, a kilo of dried Chili 36 yuan. After three years, the income per mu will be at least 2,600 yuan, after five years, 4,000 yuan, and after eight years, 5,000-6,000 yuan.
Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a good economic tree species, which is suitable for planting in most parts of China. Zanthoxylum bungeanum is particularly drought-tolerant, and can grow as long as the rainfall exceeds 400 mm;
Hills and mountains with low requirements for soil quality and poor soil conditions can grow; Zanthoxylum bungeanum has few pests and diseases, so it doesn't need too careful management.
Fourth, high-yield techniques for pepper planting.
1. Seed collection: middle-aged trees with vigorous tree vigor, no pests and diseases, high yield and no fruiting in the next year are selected as seed collection mother trees, and the fruits are picked by hand with scissors when they are fully mature in August-September. The harvested seeds are naturally dried in the shade in a ventilated and dry place, which does not affect the germination rate. The peel is cracked, and the seeds come out by themselves and are collected.
2. Seedling raising: the seed coat of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is hard and rich in oil, which is not conducive to water absorption and germination. It is necessary to accelerate germination before sowing. Generally, soak it in 1% washing powder for 2 days, or soak it in concentrated sulfuric acid for a while, then take it out and wash it with water before sowing. Sandy soil or loam with good drainage and leeward is more suitable for seedling raising. Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds are small, so deep sowing is not allowed. Generally, 2 ~ 3 cm is enough. After sowing, cover with decomposed organic fertilizer, water 1 ~ 2 days/time, conserve moisture, prevent hardening and improve the emergence rate.
3. Planting: It can be planted in spring and autumn. Planting needs to dig a pit, and the size of the pit is suitable for rooting. The soil entering the pit had better be weathered by wind and sun, and then mixed with fertilizer to fill the pit. ?
4. Fertilizer and water management: Zanthoxylum bungeanum has developed root system and strong soil and water conservation ability. Soil moisture conservation measures should be taken in arid areas, supplemented by necessary base fertilizer and a small amount of foliar fertilizer to meet the demand of Zanthoxylum bungeanum for fertilizer and water. Generally, organic fertilizers such as ring fertilizer and compost are applied in autumn and spring respectively 1 times. The amount of fertilization depends on the age and fruit yield of the tree, which is generally more than 20 kg per plant. Top dressing outside the root starts from flowering, about 1 month, 1 time, and is sprayed once in the morning and evening, with a total of 2-3 times. ?
5. Plastic pruning: Zanthoxylum likes light and branches quickly. Therefore, reasonable pruning can make the tree skeleton strong, the branches strong and the yield high and stable year after year. Pruning is best in late autumn. When pruning, the redundant branches at the base can be removed, leaving 3 ~ 5 main branches, and the plastic surgery can be completed in 4 ~ 5 years. Finally, the central branch is removed and the cavity is opened. Middle-aged trees should be carefully pruned to remove pests and diseases, horizontal branches and trailing branches in the crown, so that the crown is ventilated and transparent to stabilize the tree. When pruning 25-year-old trees, it is necessary to remove big branches, weak branches and diseased branches, and renew the skeleton of the trees alternately with long branches to ensure a certain yield.
6. Pest control:
6. 1 brown spot disease: it mainly harms pepper leaves. At the early stage of the disease, pale yellow spots appeared on the leaves, and then gradually expanded into irregular brown spots with dark edges and small black spots on them. When the condition is serious, it can cause the leaves to wither and fall off. Spraying bordeaux mixture and carbendazim at the early stage of the disease can prevent and treat the disease.
6.2 Dry rot: branches that harm pepper. At the beginning of the disease, it showed reddish-brown patches, and then the disease spread up and down, sunken and gelled, which could cause large-scale decay of bark, yellowing of leaves and dead branches. Strengthening fertilizer and water management and rational pruning to enhance tree vigor can reduce the occurrence of this disease. After onset, cutting bark into xylem with a disinfection knife and applying Bordeaux solution or thiophanate methyl can effectively prevent the spread of diseased spots. ?
6.3 Aphids: A large number of aphids often concentrate on the branches and leaves to suck juice, which affects photosynthesis. Make the leaves yellow and curly, and in severe cases, it can lead to the early fall of peppers. It can be controlled by spraying phoxim and killing pyrethroids. ?
6.4 Papilio Papilio: Larvae feed on buds, leaves and other parts. In severe cases, the whole leaf can be eaten up. Artificial removal of overwintering pupae in winter and spring can reduce the population density in the coming year. When hazards occur, trichlorfon and dichlorvos can be sprayed for control. ?
6.5 longicorn beetles: overwinter as larvae in the trunk moth path. The next spring, the xylem under the bark was hollowed out, and a large amount of reddish-brown feces and debris were discharged out of the wormhole, resulting in hollow trunk, easy wind folding, decay and even death of the whole plant. Adult longicorn beetles have the habit of resting on branches at noon, which can be knocked down to death; Larvae can also be killed with iron wire hooks, or aluminum phosphide (0.6g tablet 1/8 ~ 1/4) can be stuffed into insect holes and sealed with sticky mud for prevention and control; You can also spray dichlorvos and trichlorfon. ?
7. Prevention of freezing injury: Zanthoxylum bungeanum root system is shallow, which is vulnerable to freezing injury in winter and "cold in spring" in early spring. The following measures can be taken for protection:
(1) overwintering can be protected by plastic film or coated with quicklime, sulfur, salt and water in the ratio of 10: 1: 4: 40;
(2) Spraying antifreeze on fruit trees before the cold spring comes; You can also pile hay, wheat bran and so on. In the cold night of late spring, the smoke is ignited to form a smoke screen, which can improve the microclimate in the pepper garden and prevent the flower buds from being frozen. ?