Topdressing base fertilizer and water. If the base fertilizer was not applied in time or the amount of base fertilizer was insufficient last autumn, it can be applied after the soil is thawed. Before winter, the base fertilizer can be applied together with the excavated cold ditch in the grape planting area where the soil is buried to prevent cold. Farmhouse manure is the main base fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are properly matched. Fertilization amount is calculated by applying 50 ~ 100 kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 0.25 kg of urea and 0.5 ~ 1 kg of calcium superphosphate per 50 kg of fresh fruit. The fertilization ditch is 60-80 cm away from the base of the main stem, and the depth and width of the ditch are 40-50 cm respectively. When the base fertilizer enters the ditch, it is evenly mixed with the soil, and then covered with soil and watered to facilitate the absorption and utilization of grape roots.
The grapes are on the shelf. For hedgerow-shaped gardens, branches and vines are bound and fixed according to the master-slave relationship of the whole tree. In the process of binding, the angles of strong branches (vines), big branches and long branches should be increased; The angles of weak branches, branchlets and short branches are deliberately reduced. The usual practice in production is to put them on shelves when unearthed, and both of them are carried out simultaneously. Shelving should be completed before bud eye germination to avoid damaging bud eye and affecting germination.
Accelerating germination and topdressing. In autumn, in order to promote bud eye germination and inflorescence differentiation, quick-acting commercial fertilizer can be applied after the temperature reaches and stabilizes at 10℃- 12℃ and the bud eye begins to swell. Dig a fertilization ditch with a depth of 15 ~ 20cm and a width of 30cm near the foundation, mix the soil and bury the fertilizer in the ditch. The amount of topdressing is calculated by applying urea 15 ~ 20kg per mu of fruit trees, and watering should be done in time after topdressing.
Control pests and diseases. In order to control grape black pox, white rot and anthracnose. Before the grape buds germinate, the fields can be thoroughly cleaned, the diseased and stiff fruits can be removed, and centralized incineration or burial can be carried out to reduce the source of overwintering diseases; Spray "Gardening Clear" for 400 times or Pomei 3 ~ 5 degree stone sulfur mixture once in the whole park.
Take measures to prevent frostbite. In recent years, there will be different degrees of late frost or low temperature in spring, which will cause certain losses to production. Therefore, comprehensive management must be strengthened to prevent problems before they happen. First, refer to the recent local weather forecast before germination, water the garden in advance to reduce the ground temperature, and deliberately postpone the growth period to avoid the influence of bad weather. Second, before the low temperature comes, we should pile more grass and smoke in the field. 3. Spraying 150 times PBO or 1000 times as much as 2 1 16 after germination to adjust the internal physiological mechanism of the tree and enhance its cold resistance.