The revetment is a kind of retaining wall facing the water surface. It has three functions: one is to support the soil behind the wall; Second, protect the river bank from water erosion; Thirdly, the tortuous revetment makes the water body more varied and improves the artistry of the garden.

(A) the form of revetment

1. Regular type: refers to the geometric shape of the bank wall built with stones, bricks, concrete, etc.

2. Natural type: The shape of the revetment is irregular, and the requirements of landscaping should be considered as far as possible on the premise of meeting the functional requirements. Natural revetment is mainly composed of rocks.

(2) Bank protection construction

Revetment, commonly known as retaining wall, is made of large stones and is relatively firm. Stone size requires a diameter of more than 30cm, which is divided into dry masonry and mortar masonry. Dry masonry is often used in slope type. Mortar masonry is usually used for gravity (also called vertical) revetment. Natural stone revetment is often used in gardens.

1. The slope of slope block revetment is generally close to the natural slope of soil, that is, 1: 1.5 ~ 1: 2. The thickness is 25 ~ 30cm. The foundation can be made of concrete or slurry block stone with a thickness of 30 ~ 40 cm. Do it 50cm under the solid soil of the natural diagonal line at the bottom of the river, otherwise it will be unstable. The specific sequence is as follows:

① Compaction of foundation: firstly, the foundation soil is compacted before trenching.

② Trenching: According to the foundation size, it is about 50cm deep and 40cm wide.

Lay a good foundation today.

④ Masonry

⑤ Masonry capping: After the bank protection is completed, it needs to be capped at the top, and mortar blocks or plain concrete can be used.

2. Gravity slurry block stone slope protection (vertical slope protection), the construction sequence is the same as above, try to use large stones to save cement dosage and cement mortar. 100 ~ 150 is used to build vertical retaining walls. There is a stone at the top. Pay attention to the mortar stone slope protection, leave an expansion joint every 20 ~ 25m, and fill the joint with linoleum (a mixture of asphalt and hemp yarn). Now "L"-shaped precast concrete slabs are used instead of stones. This method is simple in construction and neat in appearance, and is suitable for vertical revetment.

3. Natural revetment. The shape of natural revetment is tortuous and changeable. Its basic structure is exactly the same as the whole form. It can be laid with wooden stakes or concrete foundations. The shore wall can be made according to the lake shoreline, and the rock filling should be firm. The joints between stones should not only be blocked with pebbles, but also marked with three-in-one ash (mixed with cement, white ash and hemp head) outside to prevent the lake from invading the shore wall. Fill and tamp the back of the stone.

Natural revetment is often made into T-shaped steps at the appropriate parts of the water body according to the needs of landscape. The pavilion is a passage in the water. It is meaningless to let tourists walk through the water in the form of stone piers in the water. Timber is suitable for narrow and shallow waters. In order to make tourists feel intimate, the pavilion should be as close to the water surface as possible, and the spacing should not be too far, and 20 ~ 40 cm is more suitable.

Second, the slope protection project:

If rivers and lakes use slopes instead of straight walls, various materials should be used for slope protection. The purpose of slope protection is to prevent landslide, reduce the erosion of surface water and wind and waves, and ensure the stability of slope.

Slope protection (revetment) is also a form of revetment, and there is no specific and strict difference and boundary between them. Generally speaking, the revetment has nearly vertical walls to prevent the bank soil from collapsing; However, the slope protection (bank protection) does not have a nearly vertical wall to support the soil. Its function is to prevent erosion, and its slope is generally within the natural angle of repose of soil.

The forms of slope protection mainly include the following:

(1) stone paving and slope protection

Firstly, the bank slope is sorted out, and the stone with the diameter of 18 ~ 25 cm is selected as the slope protection material. The block stone is preferably a rectangular stone with the length-width ratio of L: 2, which requires a large proportion and low water absorption.

In order to ensure the stability of slope protection, a cushion should be set under the paving stone, which is generally 1 ~ 3 layers. The first layer is coarse sand, the second layer is pebbles and gravel, and the top layer is gravel, with a total thickness of 10 ~ 20 cm.

The construction method is as follows:

First, level the bank, and dig a trapezoidal groove at the lowest point, with a width of about 40 ~ 50~60cm and a depth of about 50~60cm. Before paving the stone, lay the mat. The pebbles or gravels of the cushion should be of the same size and uniform thickness, and the paving stones should be laid from bottom to top. The lower part should choose large stones to increase the stability of slope protection. When paving, the stones are T-shaped and parallel to the bank slope, paving line by line. Stones should be closely connected. If there are sharp corners, knock them off with a hammer. Check the quality after paving, that is, did the paving stone move when people left? If you don't move, the construction quality will depend on the requirements. The next step is to fill the gap between the paving stones with gravel, and then tamp the paving stones.

(2) Plant slope protection above water surface

At the edge of the pond with gentle bank slope and calm water surface, turf or shrubs can be used for slope protection to make the landscape more vivid and natural. Turf can be laid in strips or blocks from above the water surface to the slope. Strip laying horizontally. The whole grass belt is fixed with stakes. The stake is 20 ~ 30cm long and 2 ~ 2.5cm in diameter. If the bank slope is slow, it can be fixed without stakes.