Paeonia lactiflora is a perennial herb of Paeonia in Ranunculaceae. There are fleshy thick straight roots and tufted stems. The stems and petioles are purple and green. Leaves alternate, compound leaves secondary and tertiary, lobules trifoliolate. Buds are solitary at the top of branches and bloom around long summer. Paeonia lactiflora originated in China, and there are wild species in Dabie Mountain, Qinling Mountain and Baihua Mountain in the west of Beijing, with a long cultivation history. Paeonia lactiflora is brightly colored, shaped like peony, and its flowers are generally fragrant. Colors are pure white, reddish, crimson, purplish red, reddish, golden yellow, and single and double petals. Usually, double petals are cultivated for viewing. The root of Paeonia lactiflora can be used as medicine, which is slightly bitter and has analgesic effect. The related knowledge of cultivating peony is introduced as follows.

Habit: Paeonia lactiflora is cold-resistant, like fat and waterlogging, but also drought-resistant, like sunshine and cool in summer. Potted peony leaves are easy to die in the hot summer sun, so pay attention to shading. Paeonia lactiflora is a fleshy root with a long root system, so it should be planted in fertile and loose sandy loam with good drainage, and it is easy to rot when planted in clay and low-lying stagnant water.

Second, propagation: there are two methods of peony propagation: rameting and sowing.

1. ramet propagation: The best time for ramet propagation is from late September of 10 to early October of 10. At this time, the overground part of Paeonia lactiflora has stopped growing, and the roots are the most abundant. After the individual plant is planted, the root system will still grow for a period of time, which is beneficial to the whole plant growth in the coming year. First, dig out the roots of the mother plant, shake them off and attach them to the soil, air them for one day, then separate the roots along the natural separation place of Paeonia lactiflora and cut them with a sharp knife, with 4 to 5 buds in each cluster. It is best to coat the root incision with sulfur powder to prevent the invasion of germs, and then dry it 1 to 2 days before planting it alone. Peony planted in the open field, the spacing between plants is 50 cm, the row spacing is 70 cm, and the diameter and depth of potted peony and flowerpot are 40 cm. Paeonia lactiflora, which is mainly ornamental, is divided into plants once every 5-6 years, and Paeonia lactiflora, which is mainly herbalism, is divided into plants once every 3-5 years.

2. Method of sowing and propagation: When the seeds of Paeonia lactiflora mature in August, the fruit will crack, so it should be sown with the harvest. Before sowing, prepare soil, water and sow. After sowing, cover with fine sand, the thickness is 1-2 times the seed diameter, and keep the soil moist frequently. If necessary, cover it with a layer of corn stalk or rice straw to achieve the purpose of shading, ventilation and moisturizing. It can take root in the year of sowing in autumn, but it will not be unearthed until the next spring is warm. Seeded seedlings grow slowly, and well-developed seedlings take 3 to 4 years to blossom. Peony is generally planted to cultivate new varieties.

Third, cultivation management: Paeonia lactiflora should not be transplanted frequently after planting, otherwise it will damage the root system and affect the growth and flowering. In order to make peony grow well, fertilization should be reasonable every year. The first application was in the bud in March; The second application is when the buds appear in April; The third time is after flowering in late May; The fourth time, after the summer heat in late August, the plants are applied when they are pregnant with flower buds in the second year; The fifth time, 165438+ 10, furrowing around the plants to apply winter fertilizer. After each fertilization, water should be poured enough, and the soil should be loosened immediately to reduce water evaporation. Regular intertillage and weeding should be carried out in rainy season.

Potted peony, cut off withered branches and leaves after the first frost to prevent pests and diseases. You don't need to do indoor activities in winter, put it under a sunny balcony or eaves, and the soil in the basin should not be too dry.

Paeonia lactiflora can be removed in time before flowering and after lateral buds appear to concentrate nutrition and promote the beauty of terminal buds. After the flowers wither, if you don't plan to sow and propagate, you should cut off the pedicels at any time to avoid fruiting and consuming nutrients.

Fourth, pest control: the pests that harm peony are grubs, red spiders and aphids. In order to prevent grubs from biting peony roots, 50% phoxim diluent 1000 times solution can be used to irrigate the roots in early spring every year. Starscream and aphid can spray dimethoate. The main disease of Paeonia lactiflora is brown spot, the symptom of which is brown spot on the leaves of Paeonia lactiflora in summer, and the leaves gradually wither and even the whole plant dies after autumn. The prevention method is to spray Bordeaux mixture 1 2 times a month from April to autumn. (Yan,) according to

First, the reproduction of Paeonia lactiflora

Paeonia lactiflora can be propagated by sowing, dividing plants, grafting, tissue culture and other methods. After the fruit is harvested, put it indoors or in the shade and turn it 1 time every 2-3 days. After 10- 15 days, the peel cracks and the seeds can be planted. Before sowing, take out the whole grain submerged in water by water separation method, soak the seed in 50~C warm water, and after 24 ~ 48 hours, the seed coat will be degummed and softened. If the seed coat is thick, soak the seeds in sulfuric acid for 2 ~ 3 minutes or 95% alcohol for 30 minutes, and then rinse them with clean water. Sow as needed, with row spacing of 6-9 cm and plant spacing of 3-4 cm. After sowing, cover 1-2cm with plastic film, and cover 6-8cm with plastic film to keep moisture. 1 month, young roots will appear, and basically emerge in the middle of March of the following year, and 2-year-old seedlings can be transplanted. 10 can be divided into factories from mid-September to late June. The root of Paeonia lactiflora is used as rootstock, and the short branch of Paeonia lactiflora 1 is used as scion, which is often used for the propagation of precious varieties.

Second, the cultivation of peony

Paeonia lactiflora likes sunshine and is cold-resistant. For the temperature, it should be cold and afraid of heat, and the high temperature in summer is not good. Autumn is the best time to plant peony.

Peony should be planted in places with high terrain, good drainage and abundant sunshine, and should not be planted in low-lying places where water is easy to accumulate. Peony is a fleshy root. Be loose and fertile when planting. 5] Release it and feed it to swim. Once took a shower. ⒅ Go to the edge of the sedan chair. 5] Plutonium jump? Sang? Does the disaster make people dizzy? Hey? What's wrong with m? Shelter ω? What do you mean by sodium frame? The planting holes are 0-40 cm deep, and the spacing is about 50-60 cm, about 100 cm. The hole is filled with decomposed organic fertilizer, bean cake, bone meal and other mixed fertilizers. Prune roots properly, cut off diseased roots and broken roots, then plant, plant the original planting traces at the rhizome joint, level the soil surface, and the pit soil should be fat and fine. After peony is taken out, it will be placed in a ventilated and cool place for 2-3 days and planted in into the pit. When covering the soil, lift the plants upward to straighten the roots and gently stabilize the soil. If peony is not aired when planted alone, it needs to be watered for 3-5 days after planting, so that the roots are not easy to rot. At the beginning of winter, cover the soil around the root surface to prevent freezing injury, and remove the cold-proof soil in early February of the following year.

Third, fertilizer and water management

In addition to natural precipitation, peony seeds do not need to be watered frequently in the field. Usually, only before and after flowering and in case of spring drought, water it several times to supplement the lack of soil moisture: the amount of water should not be too much each time. An important principle in the daily management of Paeonia lactiflora is that it should be dry rather than wet. Too frequent watering can cause physiological phenomena such as root rot, withered branches and leaves;

Timely fertilization is an important measure to make peony flowers bright: topdressing should be controlled, topdressing should be carried out three times a year, and the first time it should be quickly pulled out from the new shoots. When the leaves and buds spread out, quick-acting fertilizer is mainly applied, which is called flower-promoting fertilizer: the second time within half a month after the flowers wither, this fertilization has a great influence on the growth of plants and the increase of buds in the future. The fertilizer efficiency is mainly quick-acting fertilizer, which is called bud-promoting fertilizer; The third time in autumn and winter plays an important role in enhancing the growth of plants in spring, and the fertilizer is mainly base fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer applied depends on the growth and variety of plants. Generally, 5-year-old peony is applied with 0.5 kg of powdery fully decomposed cake fertilizer or 5 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer each time. The fertilization method alternately carries out annular or radial ditching.

Fourth, plastic trimming.

In order to make peony flowers colorful and grow healthily, plastic pruning is very important. Plastic surgery of Paeonia lactiflora mainly includes stem fixing, pruning, bud removal, bud thinning and residual flower cutting. Peony can be planted for 2-3 years. For varieties with strong growth potential and vigorous growth, they can be pruned into dried peony. For varieties with weak growth potential and few branches, the weak branches are generally cut off and the strong branches are kept. After the peony is dried in the sun, buds are removed every year, and too many useless branches are cut off, so that each plant can keep 5-7 full and evenly distributed branches. Each branch should keep two lateral flower buds, and all the others should be cut off, so as to concentrate nutrition and promote the balanced growth of plants and flourish.

When peony is planted in the ground or potted, it should be pruned three times a year. For the first time, in early March, leave 5-8 branches for each plant, leave 2 buds for each branch, and cut off the rest; The second time, after the flowers wither, cut off the residual flowers in time to reduce nutrient consumption; For the third time, from the end of June 65438+ 10 to the beginning of June 165438+ 10, all kinds of pests and diseases, dead branches, overlapping branches, inward branches, cross branches and clustered branches were thinned. For the long branches with development space, leave appropriate length for short cutting to fill the gap. For weak branches and aging branches, they can be pruned repeatedly to stimulate the germination of adventitious buds and hidden buds-pruning is to keep the tree balanced and grow vigorously.

Remove the residual leaves of Paeonia lactiflora in autumn and winter, because the disease of Paeonia lactiflora is spread by leaves. Therefore, thoroughly cleaning the leaves falling off the stem base of Paeonia lactiflora can obviously reduce the number of cattle suffering from gas damage in the coming year.

Five, pest control

Common diseases and pests of Paeonia lactiflora include brown spot, anthracnose, rust, root rot and root knot nematode, longhorn beetle, red spider, scarab, mole cricket and so on. Among them, leaf spot, anthracnose and rust are fungal diseases, and their control methods are as follows:

Spraying 400-600 times of 65% mancozeb wettable powder every 7- 10 days for 3-5 times continuously can inhibit the occurrence and spread of diseases;

2. Strengthen cultivation management, reasonably fertilize water, and pay attention to ventilation and light cooling in summer to make plants grow healthily and improve disease resistance;

3. Thoroughly remove litter in winter and spring, and reduce bacterial sources;

4. Spraying 50% carbendazim or 500- 1800 times thiophanate at the initial stage of onset;

Cerambycidae, scarab and mole cricket can be sprayed or irrigated with 40% dimethoate EC or dichlorvos EC 1000 times solution.

Prevention of pests and diseases should focus on early prevention, once pests and diseases occur. According to the degree of occurrence, according to the above dosage, shorten the spraying interval appropriately and increase the frequency of medication.