Baroque garden is a term of garden architecture. 1996, approved and published by the national science and technology terminology examination and approval Committee.
First, the formation background of baroque gardens
Baroque art first appeared in Italy in the17th century, which can be regarded as a variation of the Renaissance, and, like the Renaissance art, widely influenced the whole of Europe until the18th century. It first refers to a style of architecture, sculpture and painting that originated in the Italian Renaissance, and later became a general concept, including some music, literature and garden art in the corresponding period. Its similarities are jumping, colorful, passionate, grand and magnificent.
Baroque architecture combines the achievements of painting and sculpture since the Renaissance, and pursues dynamic, exaggerated, fantastic and enthusiastic effects on the basis of transforming classical art. Its characteristics are bright and balanced beauty, excessive expression of messy and complicated details and skills, like to create a somewhat turbulent effect with too many curves, and a large number of gray sculptures, gold-plated hardware and colored marble are used. They are all used in decoration, trying to show a surprising sense of luxury. This artistic technique was naturally reflected in the landscape architecture and landscape construction in the same period.
Second, different countries have their own baroque artistic styles.
The characteristics of baroque garden change with the environment of the country where it was built. As Bazin commented, it is "the moment when every nation in Europe creates an art form that best suits its own characteristics". People can distinguish the early baroque gardens in Italy at the beginning of the wave, the prosperous baroque gardens in France at the climax, and the late baroque gardens popular in Europe and widely accepted. Hampton Palace in Britain, Drotningholm Palace in Sweden, Peter Palace in Russia, etc. Britain, Germany, Austria, Vienna and other countries have different styles of Baroque gardens.
The early Italian baroque works began in churches, the greatest of which was St Peter's Cathedral designed by madman and Benigni. Baroque style originated in Italy, developed in France, spread throughout Europe, and finally returned to its hometown of Italy. Casetta Palace in the late Italian Baroque is also a treasure in the history of gardens.
Third, the characteristics of baroque gardens
Baroque style is inspired by the artistic techniques in the heyday of Renaissance, and the relationship between them is closer than that of architecture in garden art. Baroque art has a strong sense of emotion, enthusiasm, unrestrained and dynamic, and it is often too complicated in architecture. Generally speaking, Baroque garden landscape inherited the basic features of the Renaissance, such as terrace, central axis, large steps, symmetrical flower beds, statues, caves, fountains and so on. However, compared with the rigorous Renaissance style, it obviously went to eclectic boasting and even indulgence.
Baroque gardens in geometric gardens bring surprises, associations and shocks with more diverse, complex and powerful landscapes, and have more dramatic effects that cause psychological fluctuations, so that the garden environment is linked with richer interests, more symbols and enthusiastic activities.
The garden cave was originally a niche form of Baroque Palace, which created a fantastic appearance and was later introduced into the garden. Garden caves are treated in the style of natural rocks. This treatment is different from the imitation of nature in British landscape architecture. The former is unconventional, while the latter is really a product of loving nature and appreciating the beauty of nature from the heart.
Novel and unique waterscape facilities, facilities that use water power to create various dramatic effects; Use water power to play the sound of the organ and install it in the cave; Surprised spray water, usually dripping water, spray water from all directions as soon as someone comes; Secret water spray, the nozzle is hidden.
Irregular abuse of plastic trees, the shape is more and more unnatural, the plastic trees in Fan Park; Garden lines are complex, the shape of the garden changes from square to rectangle, and various patterns are added at the four corners. The lines of flower beds, canals, fountains and details are not so straight, but more curved.
The modern baroque style is characterized by the extensive use of curves in landscape design works. The curved flower bed, like a brush filled with water, draws bright strokes on the earth. The use of flower beds limits the growth range of large plants, but plants are never trimmed, which is essentially different from the patterned flower beds in Baroque gardens. Use the contrast of color and texture of plant leaves to create beautiful patterns, rather than relying mainly on flowers; Extend this contrast to other materials, such as gravel, pebbles, water, pavement and so on.