Question 1: What is a directory search? Search engines are generally divided into classified search engines and keyword search engines in China, while they are called directory and search engines respectively abroad. Directory refers to a subject classification directory, which organizes websites into categories and provides classified retrieval through manual indexing. Search engine is a spider-based search engine. The plan automatically indexes web pages to build a database and provide keyword search. Search engine is a tool entity, and classified search and keyword search are the functional characteristics of search engines and the retrieval methods of network information. Classified retrieval is the earliest way of network information retrieval, and the creation of subject classified catalogue has quite mature theory, technology and rich successful experience. Yahoo! It is considered as the originator of classified search and the representative of catalogue, leading the trend of classified search. Sohu (sogou) pioneered Chinese classified search, and its 50,000-subject classification and 500,000-preferred websites are worthy of the model of Chinese subject classification catalogue, which can be called the flagship of Chinese classified search. 1. What is classified search? Classified search is a retrieval method based on manual indexing. It takes the scientific and practical classified catalogue as the tool, takes the standardized natural language as the class name, and on the basis of summarizing the network information, provides the network information which has been evaluated by experts and ordered manually by the website as the unit. Classified search is a retrieval method that highlights national characteristics. Because the classified catalogue has indexed the network information according to the subject or theme, all websites have similarities and differences in the classification system, and each website belongs to a branch vertically and a network horizontally. As long as you follow the diagram, the information of the same category or related topics can follow the classification, which is suitable for querying multiple problems with the same characteristics and a wide range of topics and concepts. Classified search is an irreplaceable retrieval method for keyword search. Keyword search is famous for its simplicity and quickness, but its eternal pain is the huge result list, a lot of repetition and useless information. However, classified search also has its own advantages. The retrieval results of manual editing are not only famous for their accuracy and accuracy, but also for their systematicness and effectiveness. Classified search is a step-by-step retrieval method. Different from keyword search that returns a large number of results immediately in descending order of relevance, classified search should first determine the category ownership and relevant path of the required information in the directory, start with large categories, browse and query step by step, expand the website list in alphabetical order under the corresponding categories, and then select the result list according to the website name and introduction. Classified search is an indispensable retrieval method for portal websites. The concept of Internet search first came from portal websites, and the understanding of the Internet by senior netizens came from Yahoo! Provide classified search service. According to relevant data, nearly 70% of netizens in China learned about and started to use search engines through portals. Portal is the main platform for using search engines, and search engines also bring huge economic benefits and access traffic to portals. 2. The principle of classified search. The basis and premise of classified search is to build a directory that reflects the relevant information of the website and its URL links. In this directory, the audited and indexed websites are classified and arranged in an orderly manner according to disciplines or topics. Classified retrieval is a step-by-step retrieval according to the subject attribute or subject content of the information needed in the classified catalogue. Because the classified catalogue exists in the form of database, it can also be said that classified search is the retrieval of classified database. Classified search is based on network classification. To understand the principle of classified search, we must first understand the network classification system. Classification standard, category division, category setting and category sequence are very important to the construction of classification system, which determines the nature and function of classification catalogue and affects the efficiency and effect of classification retrieval. Systematization and practicability are the basic requirements of network information classification, and the systematization of classification can be guaranteed by taking subject nature as the standard and subject as the standard. & gt

Question 2: What is the personal data of the text retrieval catalogue?

Question 3: What is the paper search page? Do you still need a catalogue? (1) printing steps of retrieval pages of academic journals:

1. Go to our website in library-lib.hncj.edu/..

2. Click on the "Electronic Resources" column at the top of the homepage of the library website.

3. Enter the full-text database of China journals or VIP information resource database. Due to the lag of mirror data update, there will be cases where articles have been published but cannot be retrieved in the library. It is recommended to use the package library (data is updated daily) for retrieval.

4. Search individual journal papers, and click on the paper name to enter the search page.

5. On the top left of the webpage window, click "Print" in the "File" option to print the search page, which only needs the first page.

(2) Printing steps of academic works retrieval pages

1. Enter China Press and Publication Information Network -CPPINFO/.

2. Click "CIP Center" at the top of the webpage.

3. After entering, fill in "CIP nuclear font size verification" and "verification code" in the search bar at the top right of the webpage.

4. Click "Verify" to get the retrieval page, which defaults to print format.

5. Click "Print" in the "File" option in the upper left corner of the webpage window to print the search page.

Note: "CIP nuclear font size" is two groups of numbers in the last line of "CIP data" on the book copyright page; Only the first page is needed for retrieval page printing.

Example of CIP core font size: "2007047545" in the last line is the CIP core font size.

cataloguing in publication data in the book

Digital Reference Service: Practice and Research in China.

-Changsha: Hunan Normal University Press, 2007.05

ISBN 978-7-8 108 1-708-0

Ⅰ. ① Counting ... Ⅱ. Thank you ... ⅲ. ① Application of digital technology-library

Working reference research China Ⅳ Ⅳ. ①G252.6-39

China Map Library CIP Data Core (2007) No.047545

Question 4: What search engine is used for directory search? Search engines can be mainly divided into three types according to their working methods, namely, full-text search engines, Search Index/Directory search engines and meta-search engines.

Full-text search engines are veritable search engines, including Google, Fast/AllTheWeb, AltaVista, Inktomi, Teoma, WiseNut and so on. As a representative of foreign countries, Baidu is a well-known domestic enterprise. They are all real search engines based on the information of various websites (mainly web pages) extracted from the Internet, searching for relevant records that match users' query conditions, and then returning the results to users in a certain order.

From the source of search results, full-text search engines can be subdivided into two types. One is to have its own indexer, commonly known as "spider" program or "robot" program, to establish its own web database, and the search results are directly called from its own database, such as the seven engines mentioned above; The other is to rent the database of other engines and arrange the search results in a custom format, such as Lycos engine.

Search index/directory

Although the directory index has a search function, it is not a real search engine in the strict sense, but a list of website links classified by directory. Users don't need to search for keywords, but they can find the information they need by classifying directories. The most representative in the directory index is the famous Yahoo Yahoo. Other famous projects include open directory project Project (DMOZ), LookSmart, About, etc. Domestic Sohu, Sina and Netease searches also belong to this category.

Meta search engine (meta search engine)

When the meta search engine accepts the user's query request, it searches on other engines at the same time and returns the results to the user. Famous meta-search engines include InfoSpace, Dogpile, Vivisimo, etc. (list of meta search engines), and the representative Chinese meta search engine is the search engine. In terms of ranking search results, some directly rank search results according to the source engine, such as Dogpile, and some rearrange the results according to their own rules, such as Vivisimo.

In addition to the above three types of engines, there are the following non-mainstream forms:

1 and * * * search engines: for example, the engine launched by HotBot at the end of 2002. This engine is similar to the meta search engine, but the difference is that it does not call multiple engines to search at the same time, but users choose from the four engines provided, so it is more accurate to call it "* * *" search engine.

2. Portal search engines: Although AOL search and MSN search provide search services, they have neither classified directories nor web databases, and the search results are completely from other engines.

3. Full Link Free (FFA for short): Generally, such websites are only simple scrolling links, and a few have simple classified directories, but the scale is much smaller than Yahoo and other directory indexes.

Google support: pdf, ps, doc, ppt, xls, rtf.

Search format: internet file type: doc.

Please adopt it.

Question 5: What does the directory in the computer mean? A directory means a folder. The liunx system uses a directory.

Question 6: What is first-class retrieval? First-level retrieval refers to the first-level catalogue of books, generally referring to the catalogue of each chapter of books.

Retrieval refers to the process of finding the information or materials you need from literature, network information and other information. In order to search, it is usually necessary to index the data. Traditional literature materials need to extract the title, author, publication year and subject words as indexes, but in the network age, computers can index the full text, that is, every word in the text can be a search point.

Question 7: What is the search term? Seemingly similar to keywords, it is the key query byte for setting the index (directory) path. Generally, you can find relevant information through this word, usually the relevant information of the text.

Question 8: What are the retrieval categories and items in library retrieval? Literature information retrieval, or information retrieval, refers to the whole process of organizing and storing literature information in a certain way and taking out the required specific information according to the needs of users. Its full name is information storage and retrieval. Usually, information query or retrieval is only the second half of the name, or information retrieval in a narrow sense. Literature retrieval is divided into data retrieval: retrieval based on data in literature. Such as molecular formula, chemical molecular formula, etc. Fact retrieval: search for the time, place or process of something by taking the facts in the literature as the object. Literature retrieval: searching for related literature on a certain subject with literature as the object.

Compared with the storage identification of documents, if the retrieval identification can be consistent, it is called matching, and the hit document can be obtained.

Document retrieval language

Document retrieval language is an artificial language, which is used to compile and use various retrieval tools, and provides a unified, benchmark, symbolic or lexicalized special language for information exchange for retrieval systems. Search languages have different names because of different occasions. For example, it is used to index documents in the process of storing documents, which is called indexing language; The language used to index files is called indexing language; In the process of document retrieval, it is a retrieval language. According to this principle, retrieval languages can be divided into three categories:

(1), classification language

It is a retrieval language that classifies and arranges a large number of concepts that express the contents of literature information and retrieval topics according to their disciplinary nature, and becomes a logical system that basically reflects the usual classification system of scientific knowledge, and uses numbers (classification numbers) to represent concepts and their positions in the system, and even to express the relationship between concepts. China Library Classification is the basis of China Library Classification, and China Library Classification divides all knowledge categories into Marxism-Leninism and * * * thoughts according to the five-point method. Philosophy; Social science; Natural science; Five categories of comprehensive books. On this basis, a system series consisting of 22 categories is constructed.

(2) Theme language

Refers to the controlled words that express the information content of documents. Subject words need to be standardized, and thesaurus is the embodiment of the language of subject words. The words in thesaurus are used as the basis for identifying the content of documents and finding documents.

(3), keyword language

Refers to the keywords extracted from the document content as the identification of the document content and the basis for searching the directory index. There is no need to standardize keywords, and there is no need to use keyword list as a tool for indexing and searching books and materials.

(4) Natural language

Refers to any word that appears in the literature.

Literature retrieval method

(1), the author's way

Many retrieval systems have author index and institution index (institution author or institution to which the author belongs), and patent literature retrieval systems have patentee index. The method of searching from the names of authors, editors, translators and patentees or the names of institutions and groups by using these indexes is collectively called author method.

(2) The title includes the title of the book, the name of the periodical and the name of the article.

Some retrieval systems provide retrieval methods by title, such as title catalogue and periodical catalogue.

(3) Classification method

Searching documents according to the subject classification system. This method is based on the knowledge system, therefore, it can better reflect the discipline system, reflect the affiliation, derivation and parallel relationship between disciplines and things, facilitate us to find documents from the scope of disciplines, and play an analogy role. Classified retrieval mainly uses classified catalogue and classified index.

(4) Thematic method

Literature retrieval is carried out through subject words that reflect the content of literature. Because the thematic method can reflect all aspects of a theme, it is convenient for readers to conduct a comprehensive and systematic thematic study on a certain problem, thing and object. We can find all aspects of the literature on the same subject through the subject catalogue or index.

(5), the way of reference

References or quotations attached to documents are one of the external characteristics of documents. The index system compiled by using this citation is called citation index system, which provides a method to retrieve cited papers from cited papers, called citation method.

(6), numbering method

Some documents have specific serial numbers, such as patent number, report number, contract number, standard number, international standard book number and publication number. The file serial number is clear, short and unique, which is used to identify some files. Based on this, various serial number indexes can provide a way to retrieve literature information in the order of serial number itself. ......& gt& gt

Question 9: What is the retrieval approach? What are the main retrieval methods? 1. Classification method

Classification refers to the way of searching according to the discipline (specialty) category of documents, based on the classification index in the retrieval tool.

The key to document retrieval by means of classification is to correctly understand the classification table of retrieval tools and divide the items to be retrieved into corresponding categories. Some retrieval tools, such as the Catalogue of Scientific and Technological Information in China, are arranged by classification and can be retrieved by classification.

2. Thematic approach

Subject method refers to the method of searching through the content subject of literature based on various subject indexes or keyword indexes. Searchers can search as long as they determine the search words (subject words or keywords) according to the items.

The key of subject-based literature retrieval lies in analyzing items, refining the theme concept and expressing the theme concept in words. Subject method is a main retrieval method.

3. Author's method

Author's way refers to the way to find documents according to known authors, based on author index, including individual author index and institutional group index. 4. Other channels

Question 10: What does retrieval mean? Search related content.