Basic examination of anatomy in Leshan Vocational and Technical College in recent years

Leshan Vocational and Technical College in recent years, the basic anatomy examination content is as follows:

Basis of human anatomy

[Chapter 1 Cells and Basic Tissues]

Section 1 ~ Section 5 (not required)

[Chapter I Motion System]

Composition and function of motion system

The first bone-to-bone connection

Morphology and classification of bone. Structure and function of bone. Chemical composition and physical properties of bone. Basic structure, auxiliary structure and movement of joints.

Second, the general morphology of vertebrae. Main morphological characteristics of cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebra and sacrum. The connection of vertebrae, the composition of intervertebral discs. Holism and spinal movement. Morphology of sternum and ribs. The formation of rib arch. The composition of the chest.

3. Names of skull and facial skull bones. The main morphological structure of the medial surface of skull base. Morphological structure of the lateral wall of bony nasal cavity. Composition and structural characteristics of temporomandibular joint.

Fourth, the composition of upper limb bones. Morphology of scapula, clavicle, humerus, ulna and radius. Composition, structural characteristics and movement of shoulder joint and elbow joint.

Five, the composition of lower limb bones. Morphology of hip, femur, tibia and fibula. Composition and division of pelvis. The difference between male and female pelvis. Composition, structural characteristics and movement of hip and knee joint.

Six, commonly used clinical bone markers.

Skeletal muscle in the second quarter

First, the position and function of sternocleidomastoid muscle, trapezius muscle, latissimus dorsi muscle and intercostal muscle.

Secondly, the position, shape and function of the diaphragm, the hole of the diaphragm and the structure through which it passes.

Thirdly, the position, level, fiber direction and function of rectus abdominis, oblique abdominis, oblique abdominis and transverse abdominis. Constitution of rectus abdominis sheath. The position, composition, content and clinical significance of inguinal canal.

Fourth, the distribution of head muscles. Names and functions of major facial muscles and masticatory muscles.

5. The position and function of deltoid, biceps brachii and triceps brachii. Classification and function of forearm muscles and hand muscles.

6. Distribution and grouping of lower limb muscles. Position and function of gluteus maximus, quadriceps femoris and triceps femoris.

Seven, the main muscle signs of the whole body.

[Chapter III Digestive System]

Section 1 Overview

Composition of digestive system and concepts of upper and lower digestive tract.

Section 2 digestive tract

First, the structure of pharyngeal isthmus, the shape of tongue, the function of lingual papilla and the function of genioglossus muscle.

Second, the shape, structure, tooth type and periodontal tissue of teeth.

Third, the position, division and communication of pharynx and the position of palatine tonsil.

Fourth, the division and stenosis of esophagus, the distance between esophagus and maxillary central incisor.

Five, the position and shape of the stomach.

Six, the division of small intestine, the location and division of duodenum, the difference between jejunum and ileum.

Seven, the division of large intestine, the morphological characteristics of cecum and colon, the position of cecum and appendix, the body surface projection of appendix root. Morphology, position and function of ileocecal valve.

Eight, the division of colons. The position and curvature of rectum and the morphological characteristics of anal mucosa.

The third quarter digestive gland

First, the composition of digestive glands.

The second is the position of parotid gland, submandibular gland and sublingual gland and the opening of parotid duct.

Thirdly, the position and shape of the liver, the position and shape of the gallbladder and the body surface projection of the gallbladder base.

Fourth, the composition of extrahepatic biliary tract. The way bile is produced and excreted.

Five, the position and shape of the pancreas and the opening of the pancreatic duct.

Section 4 Peritoneum

First, the concept of peritoneum and peritoneal cavity.

Second, the relationship between peritoneum and viscera.

Third, the position and function of greater omentum, the position and division of lesser omentum, and the name of mesentery.

Fourthly, the position of rectocele and its clinical significance.

[Chapter IV Respiratory System]

Section 1 Overview

Composition of respiratory tract and concepts of upper and lower respiratory tract.

Second respiratory tract

A division of nasal cavity and nasal mucosa, the name of paranasal sinus and its opening.

Second, the pharynx (omitted)

Three, the location of the larynx and the name of thyroid cartilage, morphological characteristics of laryngeal mucosa.

Fourth, the position of trachea, the difference between left and right main bronchi and its clinical significance.

The third lung

First, the position and shape of the lungs. Lobalization.

Second, the body surface projection of the lower margin of the lung.

The fourth section pleura and mediastinum

First, the concept of pleura and pleural cavity, the division of parietal pleura.

Second, the concept of costal phrenic recess, the body surface projection of lower pleura.

Third, the concept and division of mediastinum.

[Chapter V Urinary System]

Composition of urinary system.

The first kidney

First, the shape and position of the kidney, the renal capsule. The general structure of the kidney.

Second ureter

First, the course, bifurcation and stricture of ureter.

Second, the position, shape and division of the bladder. The position, mucosal characteristics and clinical significance of bladder triangle.

3. The characteristics of female urethra.

[Chapter VI Reproductive System]

Section 1 Male Reproductive System

First, the composition of male internal genitalia.

Second, the position and shape of the testis.

Third, the position and morphology of epididymis.

Fourth, the concept of spermatic cord.

The name of accessory gland and the shape and position of prostate.

6. Division, curvature and stenosis of male urethra.

Section 2 Female Reproductive System

First, the composition of female internal genitalia.

Second, the position and shape of the ovary.

Third, the location and division of fallopian tubes. The ideal position for tubal ligation.

Four, the shape, division, position and fixing device of the uterus.

Sixth, the position and clinical significance of the posterior vaginal vault.

Section 3 Breast and perineum

[Chapter VII Vascular System]

Section 1 Overview

1. Composition of vascular system. Composition of cardiovascular system.

Second, the concepts of systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation

The heart in the second quarter

First, the position and shape of the heart and the morphological structure of each heart cavity.

Second, the composition of the heart conduction system.

Origin, course, main branches and distribution range of left and right coronary arteries.

Fourth, the composition of pericardium and the concept of pericardial cavity.

Five, the body surface projection of the heart

The third blood vessel

First, the location and formation of arterial ligament.

Second, the origin and division of aorta. Branches of aortic arch.

Three, the main branches of the external carotid artery and its distribution.

Fourth, the name of the arterial trunk of the upper limb. The composition of superficial palmar arch and deep palmar arch.

Origin, main branches and distribution of celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery.

6. Sources of renal artery and testicular artery (or ovarian artery).

Seven, the main branches of the internal iliac artery. The name of arterial trunk of lower extremity.

Eight, the synthesis and collection range of superior vena cava.

Location of external jugular vein.

X origin, course, injection site and clinical significance of cephalic vein, basilic vein and median elbow vein.

Eleven, the synthesis and collection range of inferior vena cava.

XII. Origin, course, injection site and clinical significance of great saphenous vein. Origin, course and injection site of saphenous vein.

Thirteen, the synthesis, collection range, main branches of hepatic portal vein and its anastomosis with superior and inferior vena cava and its clinical significance.

Section 4 Lymphatic system

First, the composition of the lymphatic system.

Second, the name of the lymphatic trunk.

Synthesis, injection site and collection range of thoracic duct and right lymphatic vessel.

Four, the name and location of the main lymph nodes in the whole body.

5. The position and shape of the spleen.

[Chapter 8 Sensors]

The first part of the viewer

First, the composition of the viewer.

Second, the level of the ocular wall, the division and morphological structure of each layer.

Third, the name and function of eyeball contents.

Fourth, the way of aqueous humor circulation.

5. Conjunctival separation.

Sixth, the composition of lacrimal apparatus and the opening of nasolacrimal duct.

The name and function of extraocular muscles.

Vestibular cochlear organ in the second quarter

First, the composition of vestibular cochlear organ.

Second, the composition of the external auditory canal. Location, shape and division of external auditory canal and tympanic membrane.

Third, the composition of the middle ear. Names of tympanic wall and ossicles.

Fourthly, the traffic and function of the eustachian tube, and the characteristics and clinical significance of the eustachian tube in children.

Five, the composition of the inner ear. Separation of bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth. Name, position and function of inner ear receptors.

[Chapter 9 Nervous System]

Section 1 Overview

Classification and common terms of nervous system.

Central nervous system in the second quarter

First, the position and shape of the spinal cord. The location and division of gray matter and white matter of spinal cord, and the names and functions of main fiber bundles in white matter.

Second, the location and division of the brain.

Third, the composition of the brain stem, the names and properties of the main nerve nuclei in the brain stem, and the names and functions of the main fiber bundles.

Fourthly, the position, shape and internal structure of cerebellum.

5. The location and division of diencephalon, the function of ventral posterior nucleus of dorsal thalamus and the composition of hypothalamus.

Six, the main sulcus, gyrus and lobulation on each side of the cerebral hemisphere, as well as the location of the main functional areas of the cerebral cortex.

Seven, the name of the basal nucleus and the concept of the old and new striatum, the location and division of the internal capsule, the composition of each part and its clinical significance.

Eight, the level of brain and spinal cord sac, the concept of subarachnoid space and epidural space, the concept of dural venous sinus.

Nine, the origin and distribution of the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries and basilar arteries, and the composition of the cerebral arterial ring.

Ten, cerebrospinal fluid production site and circulation mode.

Peripheral nervous system in the third quarter

1. Composition, division and distribution of the anterior and posterior branches of spinal nerve.

Secondly, the composition and position of cervical plexus, the superficial part of cutaneous branches and the distribution of phrenic nerve.

Thirdly, the composition and location of brachial plexus, the distribution of median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve, musculocutaneous nerve and axillary nerve.

Fourthly, the distribution law of the anterior branch of thoracic nerve.

5. Composition and location of lumbar plexus, distribution of femoral nerve and obturator nerve.

6. Composition and location of sacral plexus, course and distribution of sciatic nerve, branches and distribution of tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve.

Seven. 12 The name of the pair of cranial nerves.

Distribution of oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve and abducens nerve.

Nine, the main branches and distribution of trigeminal nerve.

Distribution of facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve.

Distribution of accessory nerve and hypoglossal nerve.

Twelve, the concept and difference of autonomic nerve, the lower central position of sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve.

Thirteen, the main difference between sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve.

Conductive pathways in the fourth section of the brain and spinal cord

First, the composition and process of shallow sensation, deep sensation of trunk and limbs, and fine tactile conduction pathway of skin.

Secondly, the composition and strokes of visual conduction path, and the reflection path of pupil to light.

Third, the concept and clinical significance of involved pain.

Four. Composition and route of pyramid system.