Molly likes light and is strict with it. Under the conditions of abundant sunshine and high temperature, its leaves are green, its branches are thick, its buds are numerous and its fragrance is rich. In the case of weak sunshine, it will grow white, its leaves will be pale, its branches will be tender, its buds will be few and its flowers will be weak. Potted jasmine should be moved indoors in winter, placed in a well-lit place and properly ventilated to prevent the leaves from falling off. 1, fertilizer and water
In summer, when jasmine comes into full bloom, we should pay attention to keeping the soil moist. Jasmine likes fertilizer. Top-dressing 1 times of decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer every 3-5 days, or mixing a small amount of dilute liquid fertilizer in the flower watering market. If the pot soil is hardened, loosen the soil and fertilize it. In autumn, the amount of watering should be appropriately reduced and fertilization should be gradually stopped. Before the outdoor minimum temperature drops to 5 degrees, move the potted plants to the indoor sunshine. When you enter the room for the first time, be sure to open the window for ventilation. And control watering.
prune
As the flower proverb says, "Jasmine is not pruned, showing weak branches and few flowers" and "Pruning should be tough and flowers should be stable". However, people often pay attention to fertilizer and water and neglect pruning, and even the dead branches after wintering are unwilling to prune, resulting in weak branches, small leaves, unsightly plants and insufficient flowers.
Pruning of jasmine is very important in summer, except that the delicate branches after wintering are cut off in spring, leaving only a thick base for new buds to germinate. After the failure of flowering, the branches should be kept for 3-5 knots in time, and the top should be cut off to promote the germination of new Asia. Make sure the flowers bloom.
Jasmine is fragrant and elegant, and is widely loved by people. It likes warm climate and plenty of sunshine, is not cold-resistant, and is afraid of waterlogging and drought. The optimum growth temperature is 25-30℃. When watering jasmine, we must pay attention to the climate at that time, the size of plants, the growth of branches and leaves, and the size of flowerpots. If the temperature is high, the plants are big and lush, and the flowerpots are big, you can water more, otherwise you should water less. During the growth period of jasmine, keep the soil moist, but don't water it.
Jasmine is fertilizer-tolerant, which requires fertile soil and appropriate topdressing at different growth stages. After plants come out of the shed in winter, they should be applied with a thick layer of fertilizer, which is called shed fertilizer to promote them to sprout quickly. When buds appear on the new buds, a thin layer of fertilizer should be applied, which is called pre-flowering fertilizer, so that the flowers will be big and fragrant. After the first batch of flowers wither, apply a thin layer of fertilizer, called flower-promoting fertilizer, so that jasmine can sprout new buds as soon as possible and bloom the second batch of flowers. If properly managed, banyan flowers can bloom one after another until the first frost. Before fertilization, loosen the pot soil, and after the soil is dry, the fertilization effect is good.
It's cold in winter, so Jasmine must keep warm in the shed in first frost. Only at noon on sunny days and when the temperature is high, water should be properly poured and fertilizer liquid should be sprayed on the leaves as appropriate. Jasmine has a strong branching ability, and all flowers grow on new buds. People take advantage of this feature, diligently fertilize and prune, promote its renewal, constantly grow new branches and concentrate nutrition, thus maintaining frequent flowering. Old branches grow badly because of recession, and rarely bloom, so they must be cut off in time. After Riley's flowers wither, if she doesn't prune them, she will delay the next batch of flowers, or not. Before Qingming comes out of the shed, remove all the leaves, then cut the branches into 15 cm long, turn over the pots, remove the original soil and replace them with fertile soil with humus. In the growing period, if the branches grow wildly, they should be cut off and shortened, and the leaves and new shoots at the base and dense parts of the flower plant should be removed to facilitate ventilation and light transmission.
How to raise jasmine:
How to make jasmine blossom more?
1. Environment and lighting: Jasmine likes a hot, humid, ventilated environment and needs sufficient lighting. Molly is afraid of cold. Potted jasmine in the south can be cultivated outdoors for the winter. In the north, keep warm in autumn and winter, move indoors and put it in the south direction. Strong sunlight makes branches strong, leaves dark green and flowers more fragrant, while insufficient sunlight makes flowers less fragrant.
Second, moisture: jasmine is not drought-tolerant, but it is necessary to avoid water accumulation. Pour out the water in the basin in time during the rainy season, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow easily. Water the leaves twice a day on a hot sunny day in summer, once in the morning and once in the evening. If you find the leaves drooping, spray water on them to promote growth.
3. Soil: It is best to plant jasmine in fertile sandy and semi-sandy soil. When planted in slightly acidic soil with pH value of 6-6.5, the root system will be dense and grow vigorously. If the soil is sticky, lacks matrix, has low fertility and poor ventilation, there will be fewer roots, short plants, slender stems and leaves, and few and small flowers.
Fertilization: The high temperature season in midsummer is the peak of jasmine growth. Apply more organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, such as peanut cake powder, bone meal, calcium superphosphate and multi-element flower fertilizer twice a month. In summer, jasmine is often leafy but does not bloom. The main reason is that too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied, resulting in too many branches and leaves. In this case, it is necessary to control fertilizer and water, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to promote germination, and at the same time pay attention to moving jasmine to a sunny and well-ventilated place.
5. Pruning: Jasmine grows very fast in summer, so it should be pruned in time. The base of potted jasmine is trimmed to 10 cm to 15 cm, which will promote most robust new shoots. For example, new shoots grow vigorously, and when they grow to 10 cm, they should be pruned to promote the growth of secondary branches, which will lead to more flowers and compact plant types. After the flowers wither, the branches should be cut off in time to reduce nutrient consumption, which is also conducive to promoting the growth of new shoots, making the branches dense, with more buds and more flowers.
6. Pest control: Jasmine often suffers from moth larvae, scale insects and red spiders, which are the most serious from July to September and often eat flower buds. It can be sprayed with universal powder or pyrethroid and 200 times of water once every half month, even if there are no pests and diseases, so as to prevent problems before they happen. The suitable spraying time is 9: 00 am and 4: 00 pm on sunny days, and it is not suitable to spray in the hot sun at noon to prevent phytotoxicity.
Seven, flowering maintenance: don't spray water on the flowers during flowering to prevent premature flowering and fragrance loss. When it rains, the potted jasmine should be moved to a shelter.
Jasmine detailed introduction:
Jasmine is a flower variety with great ornamental and economic value. It originated between India and Arabia, and was introduced to China from Southwest Asia as far back as the Han Dynasty. It has a history of nearly two thousand years. Jasmine is exquisite and beautiful, with lush foliage, white as jade and quiet fragrance, and is known as the king of flowers. Since it was introduced into China, it has been used as a valuable ornamental flower. "What a wonderful jasmine, the garden is full of flowers, but its fragrance is not as good as hers ..." An elegant Jiangnan minor "Jasmine" is intoxicating and makes people linger. "Beautiful and graceful jasmine, fragrant fragrant tea, I remember the place where the ballads reverberate, and the clear water and green hills are my home ..." The ode to jasmine in the new era pushes the jasmine to a deeper and more elegant realm, and seamlessly blends the ancient jasmine with the young "hometown of jasmine in China", making people feel simple and fresh, full of infinite reverie and yearning for life. ...
The ancient people's admiration for jasmine is also reflected in many poems. For example, in the Song Dynasty, Xu Meiwu said in a poem, "There is exquisite snow in litchi fragrance, which helps Chang 'an cool all night. People in ordinary love are the strongest, and dreams are still fragrant. " ("Yuan Jian Han Lei" Volume 460 Flower Department). Jiang Kui, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote in his poem Jasmine: "Although there is no dazzling state, it is fortunate to have the fragrance of covering autumn;" "It should be Xiane's banquet to go home, and she lost her head when she got drunk." "Spirit of rumors more rewarding. Who is sailing on the embankment? "In other years, if I study the history of flowers, it will be listed as the first fragrance in the world. Others also have beautiful poems such as "a flower can smoke a room, and jade is still cool on a hot day". Jasmine is named "national flower" in the Philippines, Indonesia, Pakistan and other countries, and many people regard it as "flower of love" and "flower of friendship".
Jasmine also has important medicinal value. Li Shizhen made the following description in Compendium of Materia Medica: "Flowers are pungent and hot, non-toxic, and oil is steamed to get liquid, which makes the face fat, smooth the long hair, moisten the dry and fragrant muscles; Also into the soup. The smell of roots is hot and poisonous. An inch of wine grinds, and you wake up in a coma for a day. Two inches for two days, three inches for three days; Anyone who dislocates a broken joint and uses it to set bones will never know the pain. " Modern medical research has also confirmed that jasmine leaves have analgesic effect, flowers can clear away heat, and roots contain alkaloids, which have analgesic and anesthetic effects. Jasmine oil can be made into eye drops to treat conjunctivitis. A skin cream made of steamed jasmine juice can moisturize the skin in winter and prevent skin wrinkles. In summer, putting several plates of blooming jasmine indoors also has the effect of relieving summer heat and repelling mosquitoes.
1000 years, jasmine has been planted in small quantities as an ornamental flower. Since it was discovered that jasmine can be used to make scented tea, it has been planted in large quantities. According to historical records, during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty (1851-1861), Fujian tea merchants tried to smoke tea, inspired by the "snuff" of jasmine smoking, and produced a fragrant and attractive jasmine tea. The jasmine tea soup made in later generations is bright and clean, fragrant and refreshing, refreshing, with a long aftertaste, invigorating the stomach, promoting digestion and refreshing the brain. With the continuous expansion of production and sales of scented tea, the development of jasmine production has been promoted. Fuzhou, Minhou and Changle in Fujian Province gradually became the main bases of jasmine production and scented tea processing in China, and later developed to Ningde, Fuding, Fuan, Shaxian, Zhenghe and Jianyang. By 1992, Fujian Province was the main producing area in China at that time, with a jasmine planting area of more than 4,300 hectares (64,500 mu) and an annual output of more than 800 tons of flowers/kloc-0. Today, jasmine is cultivated in many provinces and regions of China, such as Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hunan and Beijing. Hengxian County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has the largest planting area, the widest influence and the best economic benefits. Thanks to the east wind of reform and opening up, Hengxian began to produce jasmine commercially from 65438 to 0978. As of July 2002, the planting area of jasmine in this county has reached more than 4,700 hectares (70,500 mu), with an annual output of 50,000-60,000 tons of jasmine and 50,000 tons of processed scented tea, accounting for more than 60% of the national total output. Because of its large producing area, high intensive degree, good flower quality, low price, long flowering period and complete supporting facilities, tea merchants from all over the country have moved to Hengxian, making Hengxian a famous jasmine production and scented tea processing base in China. In view of the remarkable achievements in jasmine production in Hengxian County, it was praised as "Jasmine Capital of China" by the tea industry and the press in September, 1999, and was named "Jasmine Town of China" by the State Forestry Administration and the China Flower Association in June 2000. In 2000 and 20001year, Hengxian and China Tea Circulation Association successfully held the first and second national jasmine tea fairs in Hengxian for two consecutive years. At present, the jasmine production in this county has developed towards high quality and organization.
China is the world's largest producer of jasmine, accounting for about 80% of the world's total output. The rest of Egypt, Morocco, Iran, Algeria, Turkey, France, Tunisia, Italy, India and Southeast Asian countries have cultivated jasmine. Jasmine produced in China is mainly scented tea, and some of it is used to extract extract and clear oil, which is used as the spice raw material of natural food and cosmetics. Jasmine tea and extracts produced in China not only meet the domestic demand, but also are exported to all countries in the world, enjoying a high reputation. Jasmine production is a highly competitive agricultural industry in the international market after China's entry into WTO.
Varieties of jasmine:
There are many varieties of jasmine, and there are about 60 species in China at present. The varieties cultivated for scenting scented tea belong to the same kind as those cultivated abroad for extracting essence and purifying oil. Among them, the main cultivated varieties are generally divided into three types according to the flower shape structure: single-petal jasmine, double-petal jasmine and multi-petal jasmine (Figure 2~2).
First of all, single-petalled jasmine
Single-petalled jasmine is short, 70~90 cm high, with slender stems and vines, so it is called liana jasmine. The leaves are oval, thin, slightly pointed, plump, 5-9 cm long and 3.5-5.5 cm wide. Corolla is single-layered, with few lobes (petals), 7~ 1 1 piece, each piece is about 1.3 cm long and 1 cm wide, oval, white, slightly wrinkled on the surface and slightly pointed at the top, so it is also called pointed jasmine. A single jasmine flower has a long corolla tube, about 65438 0.5 cm, and two stamens, the same as the pistil length. Aggregate inflorescences, terminal or axillary, with 3~ 12 flowers per inflorescence and more than 30 flowers. The bud is slightly longer, smaller and lighter. China's single-petalled jasmine has been cultivated in many places for many years, forming many local varieties, among which Fujian Changle, Fuzhou, Jinhua and Taiwan Province provinces have high yield and good quality. Among them, jasmine in Taiwan Province Province is refreshing, fresh and pure. A single jasmine flower bud blooms early, and the current flower bud usually blooms at 6-7 pm. Each hundred flowers weighs about 22 ~ 25g, which is lighter than that of Jasminum bicuspidata. Jasmine tea made of single-petal jasmine has a strong aroma and fresh taste, which is not as good as double-petal jasmine. Single-petal jasmine has strong drought tolerance and is suitable for planting at the foot of the mountain and hilly slope. However, the flower yield is not as good as that of double-petal jasmine, with the yield per 0.067 hectare 150~200 kg and the height not exceeding 400 kg. Not cold-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, and weak insect resistance.
Second, jasmine.
Jasmine bicuspidata is the main variety cultivated in large areas in China. The plant height is1~1.5m. It is an erect tufted shrub with many branches, thick and hard stems and grayish brown wrinkles on the epidermis at the base of the stems. Young stems are green, and strong branches are angular and short-haired. Leaves opposite, broadly ovate, entire, reticulate veins, dark green, thick and shiny. Aggregate inflorescence, terminal or axillary, with 3~ 17 flower buds per inflorescence, with more than 30 flowers. The flower buds are oval with flat or slightly pointed tips, also known as flat-headed jasmine. Double jasmine flowers are usually of good quality and have sharp tips. The flower is bigger than the single-petalled jasmine, and its water content is slightly lower. Corolla tube is slightly shorter than jasmine, about 1 cm long. Corolla lobes (petals) are more, 13~ 18, and the base is banded and combined into two layers, with 4~8 inner layers and 7~ 10 outer layers. Petals are about 1. 1 cm long and about 1 cm wide. 2 stamens, pistil 1 piece. The flowers are white and oily, with obvious waxy feeling, rich fragrance and delayed fragrance. The flower bud is about 2 hours later than that of a single jasmine flower. Now the flower bud usually blooms around 8-9 pm, so the natural fragrance can be delayed by more than ten hours. The weight of flowers is about 23g in spring, 30g in summer and 26g in autumn. The scented tea made of double-petal jasmine tea is full of fragrance. Although it is not as fresh and pure as single-petal jasmine tea, double-petal jasmine branches are tough, resistant to pressure, cold and moisture, easy to cultivate and high in yield per unit area. At present, double-petalled jasmine is mainly planted in all parts of China. Planting in Hengxian County, Guangxi, can be sown and harvested in the same year. The yield of flowers per 0.067 hectare can reach 150~200 kg, that of three-year flowers per 0.067 hectare is about 500 kg, that of five-year flowers is about 800~ 1000 kg, and the highest can reach 1500 kg.
Three, multi-petal jasmine
There are obvious verrucous processes on the branches of multi-petalled jasmine. The leaves are dark green, the buds are tight, round and short, and the top is slightly notched. Corolla lobes (petals) are small, thick and numerous, generally 16~2 1, with 3~4 layers of tile-like arrangement at the base and distinct layers when opening. Stamens 2~3. The budding flowers of multi-petal jasmine flower mostly at 7~8 pm, and most of them bloom on the 1~2 floor first, and the rest bloom the next day. There are also those that do not open and wither. Multi-petal jasmine has a long flowering period, light fragrance and low yield, so it is not ideal as a scented tea flower. However, it has strong drought tolerance and thrives in dry land on hillside. If it is crossed with excellent single-petal or double-petal jasmine varieties, it is likely to obtain new jasmine varieties with strong resistance, good quality and high yield.