In 2007, the junior high school graduation examination in Suihua experimental area of curriculum reform in Heilongjiang Province.

Chemistry examination paper

Possible relative atomic mass: H-LC-L2n-140-16na-23s-32c1-35.5zn-65.

A, multiple-choice questions (this question *** 15 small, each small 2 points, ***30 points. 1- 12 has one correct option for each question, and 13- 15 has one or two correct options for each question. Please fill in the serial number of the correct option in brackets. )

1. Some phenomena are often encountered in life applications, and the following phenomena belong to physical changes: ................................. ().

A. food rot B. vinegar spilled on the table can smell sour C. corn fermentation to make alcohol D. liquefied petroleum gas combustion

2. The following are organic synthetic materials: ......................................... ()

A. beverage bottle B. wool C. metal material D. wood

3. The incorrect explanation for some phenomena in life is .................................... ().

A.there is no range hood in the kitchen. When cooking, there will be a strong smell of oil smoke in the room, because the molecules are constantly moving.

B. Some students washed clothes with soapy water and found that there was less foam and more scum, because hard water was used.

C. Black smoke from candle burning indicates that paraffin contains elemental carbon.

D puffed food is no longer crisp after being opened for a period of time, because it absorbs water vapor in the air.

4. When doing the experiment, did you pay attention to observe which of the following instruments the solid drugs should be kept in? .....................................................................................................................................................

A. wide-mouth bottle B. narrow-mouth bottle C. beaker D. gas container

5. Egg is a kind of food with high nutritional value. You know its main nutrient is ............................... ().

A. protein B. Oil C. Vitamin D. Inorganic salts

It is not easy to launch a rocket. At present, solid fuels are often used. The chemical equation of its combustion is

light

3a1+3h4clo4 ══ Al2O3, +AlCl3+3X↑+6H2O↑, then the chemical formula of substance X is … ().

catalyst

A.NH3 B.HCl C.NO2 D.NO

7. Teeth contain enamel, which is a hard substance and is not easy to be damaged. However, if the acidity in the mouth is too strong, acidic substances will react with enamel, thus damaging the surface of enamel and forming tooth decay. The picture on the right shows the changes of oral pH after meals in people with and without dental care. The following statement is correct ... ()

By studying chemistry, we have learned a lot about matter. The following description of the nature and use of substances is wrong ... ()

When rust is removed by hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric acid can react with Fe2O3 in rust to produce soluble ferrous chloride.

B. Alum water purification is to use the colloid produced after alum is dissolved in water to adsorb impurities and precipitate them.

C. dry ice is used for sublimation and heat absorption of artificial rainfall.

D. sodium hydroxide dries the gas by absorbing water.

9. The conclusion drawn by the following experiment is incorrect. ........................................... ()

Solubility experiment of carbon dioxide

Concentrated sulfuric acid dissolves in water.

methane

Methane combustion

A. concentrated sulfuric acid dissolves in water to release heat B. activated carbon has adsorption effect

C. methane is flammable. Carbon dioxide gas can react with water to produce carbonic acid.

10. Several students put forward different views on the control variables when exploring the effects of manganese dioxide, copper oxide and iron oxide on the decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide solution. What you think is incorrect is that ...........................................................................................................................

A the mass fraction of solute in hydrogen peroxide solution must be the same. The quality of the catalyst must be the same.

C the temperature of hydrogen peroxide solution must be the same before the reaction. D. the volumes of the reaction vessels must be the same.

1 1. The right figure shows the solubility curves of solid substances A and B. According to the solubility curves, it is pointed out that the following statement is wrong: .......................................................................................................................

12. In chemistry, combustion method is often used to determine the composition of organic matter. Now, 2.3 grams of organic matter is completely burned in enough oxygen to produce 4.4 grams of carbon dioxide and 2.7 grams of water. The chemical formula of organic matter can be ....................................................................................................

A.CH4O B.CH4 C.C2H6O D.C3H6

13. To remove impurities in the following substances, the correct reagent is

Selected reagents for impurities in group substances

Copper powder and iron powder dilute hydrochloric acid

Oxygen, steam and concentrated sulfuric acid

Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide solution

Sodium chloride solution sodium hydroxide dilute sulfuric acid

14. When a chemical activity group was doing interesting experiments on acid, alkali and salt, four beakers filled with colorless liquid were placed on the table. They poured the liquid in beaker A into the other three beakers respectively, and saw the following phenomena: the liquid in beaker B became "red wine"; The liquid in c produces a lot of bubbles and becomes "soda water"; The liquid in the tripod turns into "milk" (producing a lot of white precipitate). The solution in four beakers may be ....................................... ().

A. methyl sodium hydroxide solution, phenolphthalein test solution and butyl propyl sulfate calcium hydroxide solution

B. sodium carbonate solution, phenolphthalein test solution and butyl calcium sulfate solution.

C. Ethyl methyl sodium sulfate solution, litmus test solution and barium chloride solution

D sodium methoxide solution, ethyl sodium carbonate solution, phenolphthalein test solution and calcium chloride butyl solution.

15. In order to explore the mass fraction of solute in dilute sulfuric acid, Xiao Ming and Xiao Yong took 65438 000 g of dilute sulfuric acid respectively.

Xiaoming added 6.5g zinc particles to it, and when the reaction was over, it was observed that the zinc particles completely disappeared. Xiao Yong added 13g zinc particles to it, and it was observed that there were still zinc particles at the end of the reaction. The reasoning about the experiment must be correct. ............ ()

After a reaction, the solute in Xiaoming's solution is only zinc sulfate.

B the solution obtained by Xiao Yong after the reaction shall not contain sulfuric acid.

C. The mass of hydrogen produced by two students in the experiment is less than 0? the 4th generation mobile communication technology

D The mass fraction of solute in original dilute sulfuric acid must be greater than 9.8% and less than 19.6%.

Fill in the blanks (this topic is ***6 small questions, 65438+ 0 points per blank, ***20 points)

16. From the four elements of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen, choose appropriate elements to form substances that meet the following requirements, and fill in the blanks with chemical formulas:

(1) liquid substance that breeds and sustains life;

(2) Gaseous oxides which can be used for photosynthesis of green plants;

(3) Gaseous simple substance, commonly used as protective gas.

17. Jiao Xiao is going to prepare 509 sodium chloride solution with solute mass fraction of 16%, and it is necessary to weigh G with a balance first.

Put sodium chloride in a beaker and use it in a measuring cylinder (choose from 100ml, 5OmL and 2OmL).

Take mL of water (the density of water is 1g/mL), pour it into a beaker, and stir to get the required solution.

18. Please use chemical methods to solve the following problems:

The method of distinguishing acrylic yarn from wool; (2) How to prevent the kitchen knife from rusting after use;

(3) When summer comes, the skin is easily bitten by mosquitoes, and the skin itches because mosquitoes secrete formic acid. In order to alleviate the pain, your method is.

19. There is green rust on the surface of existing copper products. In order to determine its composition, the following experiments were conducted:

Judging the constituent elements of copper rust; And write the chemical equations ① and ② of the reaction in steps ① and ②.

20. Answer the following questions according to the microscopic simulation diagram of the reaction between silver nitrate solution and copper:

(1) The basic reaction type of this reaction is:

(2) Among the reactants, those that belong to the simple substance are (write the chemical formula, the same below), and those that belong to the compound are;

(3) The information you can get is (just answer a little).

2 1. A chemical activity group is doing experiments on the preparation and properties of carbon dioxide. The experimental process is shown on the right. Please answer the following questions:

(1) Write the chemical equation of the reaction between marble (mainly composed of calcium carbonate) and dilute hydrochloric acid.

(2) The phenomena observed in the experiment show that the nature of carbon dioxide determines the use of carbon dioxide according to this nature.

Three, short answer questions (this question ***5 small questions, 3 points for each question, *** 15 points)

22. The use of substances is influenced by many factors. Some cups in life are made of metal. According to your life experience and chemical knowledge, talk about the characteristics of the metal used for drinking cups (just answer three points).

Please observe the picture carefully and tell me what environmental problems it reflects. Then put forward two rationalization proposals.

24. Mr. Wang planted a pot of flowers at home, which didn't grow well. He suspected that the pH of flower soil was not suitable for the growth of flowers, so he asked the teacher for pH test paper and standard colorimetric card. Please tell him how to determine the pH of soil.

25. Xiaoxu did the experiment of burning red phosphorus in oxygen. After burning for a period of time, Xiaoxu found that the burning red phosphorus had gone out. He immediately took out the burning spoon, but the red phosphorus began to burn again, and Xiaoxu was puzzled. ? Please use your knowledge of chemistry to help him answer this phenomenon. According to this phenomenon, what should firefighters pay attention to after putting out the fire?

After learning the composition of water, students already know that water can produce hydrogen and oxygen when it is electrified. Students in a research study group are very interested in the experiment of electrolytic water and want to verify this conclusion through experiments. Therefore, the experiment was carried out with the consent of the teacher, and the experimental records are as follows:

Electrolysis time/min 2468101214. ...

Negative gas volume/ml 715 23139 47 55 ...

Positive gas volume/ml 2591317 2125 ...

What is the theoretical volume ratio of hydrogen and oxygen produced by electrolysis of water? If you are a participant in this experiment, please analyze the experimental data carefully. What problems will you find? Speculate the possible causes of this problem.

Fourth, the experimental question (this question is ***4 small questions, each grid 1 point, *** 17 points)

27. The picture on the right shows the filtering device. According to the experiment, answer the following questions:

△ manganese dioxide

28. The following principles can be used for oxygen production in the laboratory: ① 2kmno4 ═ k2mno4+MnO2+O2 ↑ 22h2o2 ═ 2h2o+O2 ↑. Answer the following questions according to the experimental device provided below:

(1) Do you think it is best to make oxygen by (fill in the serial number) reaction principle? Please give a reason from the aspect of energy conservation and environmental protection.

(2) According to the reaction principle you choose, the generator that produces oxygen is (fill in the letter). How to check the air tightness of this device?

(3) A classmate collected a bottle of oxygen by drainage method and did an experiment of burning thin iron wire. When collecting oxygen, he found that there was not a small amount of water in the gas container beforehand. Please help him figure out a way to add a small amount of water to the gas container without adding human air. Your way is.

(4) In the sulfur combustion experiment, a small amount of sodium hydroxide solution is added to the gas container in advance, with the purpose of.

29. The students of a chemistry interest group in a school forgot to add phenolphthalein test solution in the neutralization experiment of sodium hydroxide solution and dilute sulfuric acid, and doubted whether it was completely neutralized, so they made a guess about what the solute in the solution after the reaction was and began to explore.

[Question] What may be the solute in the solution?

[Guess] Their guess: the solute is only sodium sulfate;

Your guess: (1) Solute is;

② Solute is.

[Design experiment]

Please choose one of your guesses and design an experiment to prove it (answer method, phenomenon and conclusion)

.

30. The picture below shows the experimental device for reducing iron oxide with carbon monoxide in the laboratory. Under the guidance of the teacher, two students connected the experimental device according to the following figure, checked the airtightness of the device, filled the drug and fixed the experimental device. However, there are differences in the following experimental operation sequence: Xiao Ju thinks that carbon monoxide should be introduced for a period of time, and then the alcohol lamp and alcohol blowtorch should be lit. Liang Xiao thinks this is not good. His reason is: Xiao Liang advocates lighting alcohol lamps and alcohol blowtorch first, and then introducing carbon monoxide. Xiao Ju objected on the grounds that the teacher thought their objection was reasonable. Please help these two students solve their difficulties in the following ways:

. The chemical equation for reducing iron oxide (Fe2O3) by carbon monoxide is:

Five, thinking and feeling (this question ***2/JY question, 3 1 question 3 points, 32 questions 4 points, ***7 points)

3 1. The energy problem is related to the progress and development of human society. The following table is the statistical data of annual oil consumption in some years in our province. Please talk about your views on energy issues in combination with the table below (just answer three points).

Year197019751980199851995 2000 2000 2005.

Annual consumption/ten thousand tons 733 8531245145251706 20876 2097 2341

32. A dress has just been washed with detergent. After "wringing out", the residual solution on wet clothes is 200g, including water washing.

The mass fraction of detergent is 65438 0%. In order to wash off the detergent, mom and Xiaoli adopted different rinsing methods (assuming that there is 200g solution in the wet clothes after "wringing out").

The washing method used by Xiaoli is: take 3800g of clean water to wash it once, and then "wring it out".

Mother's rinsing method is: divide 3600g of clean water into equal parts, rinse twice, and "wring out" the wet clothes after each rinse.

Please calculate the mass of residual detergent on mother's clothes after two rinses. What inspired you (only answer two points)?

VI. Calculation Problems

Food name 500g monosodium glutamate content in food /mg

Spring rolls 400

Sparerib 240

Jiaozi 130

People often add monosodium glutamate to the food in restaurants. Monosodium glutamate is an organic compound-sodium glutamate. Its chemical formula is C5H8NO4Na, and its relative molecular weight is 169. The picture on the right shows the content of monosodium glutamate in common food in a restaurant, which is calculated according to the information in the question:

(1) mass ratio of carbon to hydrogen in sodium glutamate;

(2) If a classmate eats 200g spring rolls at a time, he eats mg monosodium glutamate, in which the mass of sodium is mg (the result is reserved to one decimal place).

34. The soda ash used for steaming steamed bread at home contains a small amount of NaCl, and an experimental group wants to determine the mass fraction of Na2CO3 in soda ash. Put 16g soda sample into a beaker, and add dilute hydrochloric acid drop by drop until bubbles no longer appear. At this time, there is no dissolved matter in the beaker, and * * * consumes 6 1.7g of dilute hydrochloric acid, and the quality of the solution after the reaction is measured to be 65.5g Please ask the laboratory team to assist in the following calculation:

(1) Calculate the mass of generated carbon dioxide according to the law of conservation of mass.

(2) What is the mass fraction of sodium carbonate in the sample (the result is kept to 0. 1%)?

(3) What is the mass fraction of solute in the solution after the reaction?

In 2007, the junior high school graduation examination in Suihua experimental area was changed to flat.

Reference answers and grading standards of chemistry test questions

One,

1.B 2。 A 3。 C 4 explosive A 5。 A six. D 7。 D 8。 A nine. D 10。 D 1 1。 B 12。 C 13。 AB 14。 B 15。 B.C.

Fill in the blanks (this topic is ***6 small questions, 65438+ 0 points per blank, ***20 points)

16.( 1)H2O(2)CO2(3)N2

17.8 50ml 42

18.( 1) Scoring standard of ignition odor: give extra points for reasonable answers such as identification with strong alkali solution.

(2) After drying, put it in a dry place. Scoring standard: All reasonable answers such as oiling and keeping clean are scored.

(3) Scoring standard of soapy water: reasonable answers such as toothpaste or other non-corrosive alkaline substances are given extra points.

19. copper, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ①cuo+h2so4═cuso4+h2o② carbon dioxide+calcium hydroxide = calcium carbonate↓+water.

Scoring standard: constituent elements can also be named.

20.( 1) substitution reaction (2)Cu AgNO3 (3) In chemical changes, molecules can be separated, but atoms cannot.

Scoring standard: Question (3): The types of elements remain unchanged before and after the chemical reaction; The types of atoms remain unchanged before and after the chemical reaction; The number of atoms remains unchanged before and after the chemical reaction; The total mass of each substance before and after participating in the chemical reaction is equal; Molecules are made up of atoms, and reasonable answers are given.

21.(l) CaCO3+2hcl/CaCl2+H2O+CO2

(2) Bubbles are generated on the marble surface, and carbon dioxide does not burn when the candle flame is extinguished, which does not support fire extinguishing.

Scoring standard: As long as the candle flame goes out, you can give points.

Three, short answer questions (this question ***5 small questions, 3 points for each question, *** 15 points)

22. Non-toxic; Chemical properties are stable; Good ductility.

Scoring standard: 1 point * * * 3 points for each answer. If the answer resources are extensive; Low price; High hardness; No radioactivity; Easy to recycle; Beautiful; Give extra points for reasonable answers such as no pollution to the environment.

23? The environmental problem reflected in the picture is acid rain;

Reasonable suggestions are as follows: industrial waste gas should be purified and discharged; Reduce the use of fossil fuels.

Scoring criteria: (1) environmental problems 1, rationalization suggestions 1, 3 points for this question.

(2) The environmental problems reflected in this picture can also be answered as air pollution or similar problems.

(3) Reasonable suggestions can also be answered: developing new energy sources; Improve the utilization rate of fuel; Afforestation is prohibited.

Cutting, etc. Candidates only need to be produced from pollution; Treatment of pollution; Monitoring the environment; The influence of chemistry on the environment

Ring; Answer from the perspective of the relationship between chemistry and human life, and give points for correct views.

24. Put a small amount of flower soil into the cup, add water, stir and stand (1), and put the pH test paper into the supernatant (1).

Take out the test paper and compare it with the standard colorimetric card (1), and you can know the pH value of the flower soil.

Scoring standard: Drop the supernatant directly on the pH test paper. All other reasonable answers are given points.

25? The reason why the red phosphorus goes out is that the oxygen content in the gas cylinder is low (or consumed), but the temperature of the red phosphorus is still.

Above its ignition point (1), the burning spoon was taken out at this moment, and the red phosphorus came into contact with oxygen (1), so it was opened again.

Initial combustion. Firefighters should pay attention after extinguishing the fire: when cleaning the fire, they should continuously spray water to cool down to prevent resurgence (1).

Scoring standard: other reasonable statements can be scored according to scoring standard.

26. The theoretical volume ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is 2:1; ( 1)

Problems found: the actual volume ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is inconsistent with the theoretical volume ratio; ( 1)

Scoring standard: The questions can be answered if found: the volume ratio of gas produced by cathode and anode of electrolyzed water is not equal to the theoretical volume ratio, but greater than 2:1; From the fourth minute, the volume ratio of gas produced by cathode and anode is equal to the theoretical volume ratio every two minutes. All other reasonable answers are given points.

The possible reason is that the solubility of oxygen in water is greater than that of hydrogen in water. ( 1)

Scoring criteria: the possible reasons can also be answered: oxygen is more soluble in water than hydrogen; The generated oxygen reacts with the electrode. All other reasonable answers are given points.

Fourth, the experimental question [this question ***4 small questions, each empty 1 minute, *** 17 points]

27.( 1) Drainage of funnel (2) (3) The filter paper was damaged on the iron frame.

Scoring standard: The reason of turbidity in question (3) can also be answered: the liquid level in the filter is higher than the edge of the filter paper; The beaker containing filtrate is not clean.

Net class. Answer one of them and you can get one point. The other answers are reasonable.

28.( 1)② No heating is needed, which saves energy.

Scoring standard: no environmental pollution; Simple operation; Reasonable answers such as safety are given points.

(2)C clamp the spring clip and inject water into the long-necked funnel to form a liquid column, and the liquid level will not drop.

Scoring standard: first seal the long-necked funnel with water, then put one end of the airway into the water, hold the conical bottle with your hand, and observe whether there are bubbles at the mouth of the catheter, and so on.

(3) Cover the glass of the gas container, put it upside down in the sink, take it off and tilt it slightly to make a small amount of water enter the bottle, then cover the glass, take it off the water and put it on the table.

Scoring standard: move the glass slightly, and inject water into the gas cylinder with a syringe. Will not be mixed with human air.

(4) Absorb sulfur dioxide to prevent air pollution

Scoring standard: Full marks should be given only for preventing air pollution or absorbing sulfur dioxide.

29.( 1) sodium sulfate and sulfuric acid (2) sodium sulfate and sodium hydroxide

Scoring standard: (1) Only choose one of your guesses in the design experiment.

(2) Experiments prove that the solutes are sodium sulfate and sulfuric acid: active metals such as zinc, sodium carbonate solution and copper oxide are added,

Copper hydroxide and other corresponding phenomena and correct conclusions are given equal parts.

(3) Experiments prove that the solutes are sodium sulfate and sodium hydroxide: copper chloride solution and magnesium chloride solution are added.

Corresponding phenomena and correct conclusions are given points.

30. Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas, which will pollute the air.

Carbon monoxide is flammable and may explode when ignited. First, introduce ammonia gas for a period of time to exhaust the air in the glass tube, and then light the alcohol lamp.

high-temperature

3CO+Fe2O3══2Fe+3CO，

Scoring standard: (1) nitrogen and other gases with stable chemical properties are given points. If the answer is carbon dioxide gas, you don't score, because carbon dioxide gas will make the clarified lime water turbid and affect the inspection of the generated gas.

(2) Your solution can also be to remove the alcohol lamp, tie a balloon on the right catheter to collect the tail gas, let the carbon monoxide pass through the left catheter for a period of time, and then light the alcohol blowtorch. (3) Other reasonable answers are also given points.

Five, thinking and feeling (this question ***2 small questions, 3 1 question 3 points, 32 questions 4 points, ***7 points)

3 1.( 1) fossil energy reserves are limited; (2) According to the current mining speed, fossil energy will be exhausted in the near future;

(3) Develop new energy sources.

Scoring standard: (1) Give 1 point for each correct answer, and ***3 points.

(2) Improve the fuel utilization rate; Other reasonable answers, such as reasonably slowing down the exploitation of fossil fuels, are given points.