Abstract: Lianas have been commonly used in Chinese gardens since ancient times, but now the area available for landscaping is getting smaller and smaller. Making full use of climbing plants for vertical greening is an important way to expand greening space, increase urban green quantity, improve overall greening level and improve ecological environment. This paper briefly introduces the application of several common lianas in landscaping. Key words: lianas; Vertical greening; Application With the development of urban modernization and the continuous expansion of urban scale, people's ecological awareness and environmental awareness are gradually enhanced. Landscaping plays an important role in urban environment. In order to improve the coverage rate of urban greening, increase the amount of urban greening and improve the quality of urban environment, not only plane greening should be carried out, but also plane greening and vertical greening should be organically combined. Therefore, as the main body of vertical greening, lianas should give full play to their advantages in landscaping. 1 The role of lianas in greening Lianas commonly used in vertical greening, some climb up with suction cups or tendrils, others hang on the ground, and make up the landscape with long branches, beautiful leaves and flowers. Many lianas can see flowers in addition to their leaves, some lianas also give off fragrance, and the roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits of some lianas can also provide medicinal materials and spices. Using lianas to carry out vertical greening can improve the greening quality, improve and protect the environment and create landscape, ecological and economic greening effects. 2. Application form of lianas in greening 2. 1 Greening of walls The architectural appearance of modern cities is hard landscape, no matter how beautiful it is. If vines with soft landscape are used for vertical greening, it can not only add greenery and make it full of vitality, but also effectively block the radiation of summer sunshine and reduce the temperature of buildings. Vine greening old walls can cover up the ugliness, form a harmonious and unified landscape with the surrounding environment, improve the green coverage rate of the city and beautify the environment. 2.2 The greening of the frame uses vines arranged in the frame to become an independent landscape in landscaping. Such as balconies, flower stands, arches, lampposts, fences, balconies, etc. Planting all kinds of vines forms a colorful and fruitful plant landscape, which can not only enjoy flowers and fruits, but also provide a place to enjoy the cool and complain. Not only beautify the environment, but also improve the ecology. Some lianas can be built into an independent landscape, such as Radix Aucklandiae, which can be planted alone, and columns can be erected with circular scaffolding, which can also be combined with buildings to set off each other and increase aesthetic feeling. Decorating the balcony with lianas can add a lot of vitality, which not only beautifies the building, but also organically combines man and nature. In addition, lianas are a natural protective layer, which can reduce the direct impact of the atmosphere on the envelope, avoid surface weathering and delay aging. Therefore, lianas have their unique functions and beautification, and have more and more space for greening development. 2.3 overpass greening social development, increasing urban traffic, elevated roads and overpasses have become a landscape in many cities. Overpasses in urban areas occupy less land and generally have no extra green space. Lianas can be used to green the bridge deck and add green. For example, Beijing, Tianjin and other cities use brocade, ivy and other green overpass surfaces to beautify the environment and improve ecological benefits. 2.4 Covering the ground Covering the ground with vines with huge and firm roots can play a role in soil and water conservation. In addition, it is in harmony with large and small trees and shrubs, thus increasing the level of trees. The rocks in the garden are mostly decorated with vines, which are full of vitality and can also cover up the local defects of the rocks. 2.5 Balcony Greening With the rapid increase of urban housing, it is extremely necessary to make full use of balcony space for greening, which can cool and humidify, purify the air, beautify the environment and enrich life. Due to the limited balcony space, climbing plants give full play to their own advantages, and many of them are good materials for balcony greening. 3 Introduction of Common Lianas 3. 1 Ivy is an evergreen liana of Araliaceae. Cold-tolerant, evergreen all the year round, it is deeply loved by the public because of its elegant branches, strong climbing ability and changeable leaf color. Now it has been widely used in urban greening. Ivy has many varieties, different shapes and strong adaptability. The leaf shape has full lines, 3 cracks and 5 cracks, and the leaf color has Phnom Penh, gold heart, silver edge, silver heart and erythema, which can adapt to various purposes. (1) Planting slope protection on both sides of the river and planting ivy on both sides of the subgrade can keep the soil on the slope from erosion and beautify the environment. Using ivy instead of lawn on highway slope protection can not only reduce technical requirements, save management costs and keep green for a long time, but also enhance the slope protection ability of ivy with the increase of years, and the lawn will gradually dry up and die with the increase of years and be replaced by weeds. However, compared with lawn, ivy also has its disadvantages: the soil should be treated with weeds before pruning, and if it is not handled properly, it will be difficult to remove weeds in the future, which will affect the growth of ivy; Ivy grows slowly, the speed of turf formation is not as fast as that of lawn, and the short-term landscape is not as good as lawn. (2) Covering the ground In urban greening, due to the shade of tall trees, the choice of ground cover plants is very narrow, especially in northern cities, where evergreen ground cover plants are very scarce. Ivy has strong competitiveness because of its shade tolerance and evergreen characteristics. (3) The climbing characteristics of Parthenocissus tricuspidata have a very broad application space in wall greening, especially in shady walls. (4) Overpasses, scaffolding and tree trunks climb. Most climbing plants in northern China shed their leaves in winter. Using ivy can not only shade the sun in summer, but also add color to winter and beautify people's living environment. (5) Indoor and outdoor decorative potted ivy can be placed on window cases, bookshelves and desks, and can also be used as hanging plants; Hanging in the living room, corridor, balcony, etc. Beautify indoor and outdoor environment. (6) As an auxiliary material of fresh cut flowers, the market of fresh cut flowers in China is developing rapidly, and the main materials of fresh cut flowers are becoming more and more abundant. However, there are not many kinds of accessories for cut flowers. Ivy has the advantages of pruning resistance and fast growth. As a cut flower material, it has the advantages of easy cultivation and storage and transportation resistance. Ivy is widely used and has always been loved by landscape designers and the public. Its varieties and types are more and more. I believe that in the near future, gardeners will provide us with more colorful varieties to dress up this beautiful world. 3.2 evergreen hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock. Hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock hemlock is flourishing, especially in April every year, clusters of purple flowers bloom on the old branches, forming the spectacle of "new flowers on the old stems", which makes people linger. From August to September, another scene was changed, with long pods hanging from the old branches, swaying in the wind. It's spectacular. 3.3 Parthenocissus Parthenocissus is suitable for growing in a cool environment. Although it can grow normally under strong light, the purple leaf back, as an important ornamental character, will turn green. The white stripes on the leaves gradually disappeared. The requirements for soil are not high, but it grows best in fertile and loose soil with good drainage. As a ground cover, it is easy to cultivate and manage, and when it is used for climbing cultivation, the adhesion of sucker is weak. In the early stage, artificial auxiliary measures should be taken to help it climb. When cultivated in North China, generally strong ones do not need protection for overwintering, and those with weak growth potential or those planted in late summer and early autumn need protection for overwintering. Parthenocissus tricuspidata leaves have clear white stripes, which have higher ornamental value than ordinary Parthenocissus tricuspidata leaves and are good materials for beautifying courtyards and buildings. 3.4 Lonicera japonica Thunb, also known as Yuanyang Teng and Lonicera japonica Thunb, is a perennial semi-evergreen vine of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Its flowers are long cylindrical, 3-4 cm long, and the upper lip is 4-lobed. Its lower lip is narrow and gutter-shaped, and its first opening is white. It turns yellow after sun exposure, hence the name honeysuckle. In the Yangtze River basin, the green inch often does not fade after winter, but falls off before germination in the following spring, so it is also called honeysuckle. Honeysuckle has a long flowering period, unique flower shape and yellow and white. It bloomed continuously from late May to mid-June, 10, and the green frame was covered with gold and silver to make sweet potatoes. In autumn, red fruits are full of branches, crystal clear and lovely, and they are ornamental flowers and trees with good flowers and fruits. Honeysuckle can be tied in potted plants to make various shapes, or it can be pinched to promote drying, so that it can become thick from fine and cultivate bonsai piles. Honeysuckle is an ideal choice for vertical greening of potted plants, flower stands or balconies. Honeysuckle has sprawling branches, many branches, fast growth and high leaf density. Lush branches and leaves cover the ground like a thick carpet, which can prevent soil moisture from evaporating and prevent rain from washing the soil. Strong rooting ability, drooping branches can take root in about half a month at suitable temperature and humidity, which can quickly increase the surface vegetation; The root system is developed, the taproot is stout, and there are many capillary roots, which are as dense as cobwebs. It has good soil holding effect and good effect in slope protection and dike protection. Bloom is endless in summer and autumn. The buds are in pairs, elegant and beautiful, yellow and white set each other off, and the fragrance is pleasant. At the end of autumn, the old leaves withered, but the new leaves clustered between the axils, and did not wither in winter. It can climb fences, flower galleries or attach to rocks, or it can be planted on the roadside, in front of and behind houses. It can also be pruned and cultivated into a tree shape. It is a good vertical greening and ground cover plant and can be used for landscaping. Old piles are often excellent materials for making bonsai, with quaint posture and considerable branches and leaves, which have artistic ornamental value of school furniture. 3.5 RadixStemonaeJaponicae is a perennial climbing herb, distributed in Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Sichuan, Shaanxi and other places. It is wild in mountains, hills, bushes, forest edges and under bamboo forests. Suitable for warm and humid climate. Have low requirements for soil, be cold-resistant, afraid of drought and avoid water accumulation. Its vines are slender and there are peanuts on its leaves, so it's strange to hug too much. Gardens are often planted beside bamboo tubes, walls, railings or tied into brackets of various shapes for climbing and beautifying the courtyard. 3.6 Kiwifruit Kiwifruit is regarded as a vertical greening plant with great development prospects because of its deep roots and leafy stems and vines. Because it is rich in bright and rapid seasonal changes, it is also quite ornamental, such as green leaves sprouting in early spring, pleasant flowers in early summer, drooping berries in autumn and dryness in severe winter. It can be used to decorate garden sketches, such as flower galleries and flower stands. (1) The courtyard shed will be planted in front of the door profile, in the courtyard open space and in the corner of the sunshine wall. Depending on the environment, the frame can be single-walled. Double-walled scaffolding and T-shaped formwork. (2) Grate rot, fence and fence greening Note that kiwifruit likes sunshine and needs to be arranged on the sunny side. (3) Gardening of flower beds, flower stands and archways uses kiwifruit to decorate the vault scaffolding to form a green corridor, which not only covers a wide area, but also has a wide facade and is very imposing. Select some hollow supports or corridor scaffolding, tie vines, pull them to make their stems climb and extend along the designed route, and then trim their shapes to achieve the expected landscaping effect. In the landscape of the archway, if properly arranged, the winding and drooping of its stems and vines and the seasonal appreciation of its leaves and fruits are also very interesting. (4) Kiwifruit covered with rockeries and decorative trunks can be used as foil plants for rockeries and animal sculptures, and can also be used to wrap pale trees and dead trees, giving people a sense of simplicity and revival. 3.7 Fireworks Pyrostegiaignea Fireworks, also known as fireworks red and fireworks vine, belong to Lagerstroemia fireworks. The plant climbs, the wooden trunk is thick, the plant shape is not big, and the green slender branches are covered with bright red flowers, which is suitable for medium and small potted plants and hanging pots, hanging under the veranda and in front of the window for space greening decoration. Fireworks can be planted in the open air in the warm south for vertical greening of walls, walls and fences. Orange flowers bloom among the green leaves, which is extremely festive and warm. In the north, large and medium-sized potted plants are used. Their flowering period coincides with New Year's Day and Spring Festival. As holiday flowers, they decorate living rooms, porches and balconies, which are flourishing and have excellent effects. 3.8' dart' sblanket' fast-spreading Euonymus fortunei is an evergreen vine with a stem of 10 m, which can take root everywhere, often crawling or climbing on rocks, flower stands, walls and trees, and has strong climbing ability. The branches grow densely, the leaves are oily green with shallow veins, the autumn leaves turn red and the winter is reddish brown, which can add luster to the autumn and winter scenery of the garden. Covering walls, rocks and flower stands is beautiful. It can also be planted as a ground cover plant on a sloping land to conserve water and soil. There are many varieties, such as mosaic, variegated leaves, white edges and red edges, which are highly ornamental. Fast-spreading Euonymus fortunei is an excellent three-dimensional greening material. Its stem can be as long as 10m, which takes root everywhere and is adsorbed on climbing plants. It can be used for greening side walls of buildings, piers of overpasses, slopes, rocks, lamp posts, etc. Fast-paving Euonymus fortunei has strong climbing ability on different types of walls, the best is masonry, followed by brick cultivation. Fast-growing Euonymus fortunei is an excellent ground cover plant, which can effectively replace lawn for plane greening. Euonymus fortunei is a fast-growing and pruning-resistant perennial plant. Its stolon has a strong ability of reproduction and regeneration, is not easy to be damaged under light trampling, and its plant community is quite stable, so once planted, it can be used for many years. Fast-growing Euonymus fortunei has been widely used in urban greening. Strong resistance, long service life, easy reproduction, and can be planted or cut. The fast-growing Euonymus fortunei has a broad application prospect in landscaping, and its uses and advantages are as follows: (1) it is cultivated into a "ball", which is comparable to Euonymus japonicus. Because the fast-spread Euonymus fortunei grows fast, it is extremely resistant to pruning, and the hidden buds on the old branches have strong germination ability. After fruiting, the branches and leaves at the base are lush and plump, which is very beautiful. 10-year-old fast-growing Euonymus fortunei, after pruning into balls, still germinates new techniques on the old branches at the base, making the trunk not only bald, but also full and lush. (2) Fast-paved Euonymus fortunei has strong climbing ability, and is often used to cover walls, rocks or climb on grids in landscaping, forming a vertical green barrier landscape. In the corner of the south gate of Daming Lake in Jinan, the wall is covered with fast-growing Euonymus fortunei, forming a 30-meter-long corridor, which is elegant, natural and moving. For example, planting a fast-growing Euonymus fortunei beside the stairs in residential areas can form a huge green barrier, which is quite beautiful. (3) When the tree species are arranged vertically, Parthenocissus tricuspidata can be planted on the fast-growing Euonymus fortunei, so that the two plants can climb the wall at the same time. In winter, Parthenocissus tricuspidata fell asleep, and the fast-growing Euonymus fortunei leaves were red and lush, which was particularly beautiful. (4) Fast-spreading Euonymus fortunei is extremely shade-tolerant, and can grow well when planted on the shady side of buildings or in dense buildings where direct sunlight cannot be seen, showing tenacious adaptability. (5) The fast-growing Euonymus fortunei has strong heat resistance and cold resistance. It is observed that it can withstand the high temperature of 40℃ in summer in northern China. At the low temperature of -2 1℃ in winter, the leaves can still remain evergreen. 3.9 Clematishybridcvs Clematishiybridcvs Clematis, Ranunculaceae, is widely distributed all over the world. Generally, its application methods are as follows: (1) The verandah grows vigorously, with strong branches, dense leaves, strange and beautiful flowers, and strange fragrance or fruit shape. It is used to cover the top and both sides of the veranda to form a green veranda, flower gallery or flower stand, and its main purposes are generally fruit viewing, flower viewing and shading. (2) Mangyuan Tiexian Lotus is huge and beautiful, which can be used for greening low walls, hedges, railings, barbed wire and other places, mainly for flower viewing. (3) Clematis erecta can be used for greening various columns. In practical application, because clematis climbs by tendrils or self-winding, its climbing ability is weaker than that of dry adsorption climbing plants, so it can be tied or dragged in application. (4) The hanging clematis stems and branches are soft and loose, and they can be planted in flower beds or containers, and the hanging clematis branches can be hung above the containers to beautify the three-dimensional space. (5) Columnar landscape modeling makes use of its characteristics of dryness, antiquity, strangeness, easy modeling and pruning, and makes it a columnar landscape for viewing through modeling. 3. 10 Parthenocissus pentaphylla, a deciduous woody vine of Vitaceae, grows vigorously, has strong drought resistance, salt tolerance and pest resistance, and its leaves turn bright red in autumn, which is quite beautiful. Generally, it is spread in a layered way. The survival rate is extremely high. It is salt-tolerant, soil-free and barren. Its drought tolerance can be planted in places without irrigation, which is very suitable for slope protection on both sides of expressway. In order to emphasize the three-dimensional decorative effect of vertical greening, we can use supports such as wooden strips, bamboo poles, yuangang or lead wires and ropes to make the required patterns and net frames, so that vines can climb and hang directionally, thus forming a vivid three-dimensional wall chart. When planting, it can also be reasonably matched with other lianas, so that colorful flowers and green leaves can be integrated into one, and the formed patterns are more colorful. 3. 1 1 Passionflower Passionflower is an evergreen herb vine with tendrils and is good at climbing. Most leaves are solitary. The base is wedge-shaped or heart-shaped with serrated edges. Cymes degenerate into single flowers with white flowers, purple bases and fragrance. Berries are oval, yellow or purple. Elegant leaves and beautiful and fragrant flowers are ideal garden ornamental plants, which can be used as ideal materials for vertical greening such as garden walls, green corridors and scaffolding. This greening method is not only an effective measure to expand the green area, but also a good place for tourists to rest and enjoy the cool. Passionflower can blossom and bear fruit quickly after sowing for one year under suitable growth conditions, and it is deeply loved by consumers because of its unique fragrance and flavor. Therefore, it has broad development and utilization prospects, good economic value and ornamental effect. It can be used as the first choice for greening towns and institutions and developing intensive "sightseeing forest and fruit industry". 3. 12 Lonicera creeping' Mairun' Lonicera creeping, belonging to Lonicera of Caprifoliaceae. An evergreen shrub with dense branches and creeping growth and dark green leaves and small leaves. Shade tolerance, loose requirements for soil, strong growth potential and convenient maintenance. It is an excellent shade-tolerant ground cover plant.