(1) Main raw materials for product preparation
The main raw materials for preparing bio-organic fertilizer are crop straws, fruit shells, livestock manure, edible fungus residues, bagasse, beet residues, Chinese and western medicine residues, furfural residues, paper residues, distiller's grains, beer grains and other biomass resource wastes rich in organic matter. According to the fertilizer demand characteristics of different crops, a certain proportion and quantity of large elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, medium elements of calcium, magnesium and sulfur, and trace elements of iron are added.
(2) the production principle of the product
Using high and new technology, the insoluble organic matter in biomass waste is transformed into soluble hydrolyzed organic matter, microbial strains are sprayed for biological fermentation, and a certain amount of macro-elements, trace elements, active substances and beneficial microorganisms are added according to the characteristics of fertilizer demand of crops to scientifically prepare a nontoxic, harmless, pollution-free and multifunctional green ecological organic fertilizer.
Second, the production process of the product and the action mechanism of the product
The action mechanism and production technology of this product are introduced. This paper introduces a new high-tech environmental protection fertilizer-bio-organic fertilizer.
2 1 century is the era of biotechnology and bioengineering. In this era, bio-organic fertilizer has a broad development prospect. Compared with the traditional conventional microbial fertilizer, there are four main innovations:
(1) has made a new breakthrough in the combination and collocation of strains.
Traditional conventional microbial fertilizers are mostly simple microbial fertilizers, such as nitrogen-fixing fertilizers: microorganisms are nitrogen-fixing bacteria, biological potassium fertilizers: microorganisms are mainly potassium bacteria (also known as potassium-solubilizing bacteria), and biological phosphate fertilizers: microorganisms are mainly phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (also known as phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria). In recent years, binary or ternary microbial compound fertilizer has been increasing, but its function is still single and its fertilizer efficiency is not obvious.
With the continuous development of microbial fertilizers, a series of serious problems have emerged, such as less varieties of microbial fertilizers, single function, insignificant fertilizer efficiency, more fertilizers, less yield, low economic benefits and excessive application of chemical fertilizers, which lead to soil hardening, increased pests and diseases, decreased quality of crop products and excessive residues of agricultural products, threatening human physical and mental health. In order to solve these problems, through repeated revisions and large-scale experiments on various crops, a new high-tech environmental protection fertilizer-bio-organic fertilizer was developed. Compared with the traditional conventional microbial fertilizer, this kind of fertilizer has made a new breakthrough in the combination and collocation of strains, whether it is the type and quantity of strains, function, fertilizer efficiency or comprehensive benefits of products. The number of strains is increased from one, two or three combinations to 6-8 flora, so as to achieve * * * survival, learn from each other's strengths, complement each other's advantages and not oppose each other; The function is changed from simply providing nutrition to improving soil fertility, enhancing crop stress resistance, saving 50% fertilizer consumption, doubling fertilizer utilization rate, eliminating environmental pollution, promoting soil microbial ecological balance and other functions; The fertilizer efficiency of this fertilizer is more than 10% higher than that of the conventional fertilizer with the same value; The quality of crop products is obviously improved, the taste is good, the contents of Vc and sugar are increased, and the contents of nitrate and nitrite are reduced or eliminated.
(2) The total nutrient content of bio-organic fertilizer has made a new breakthrough.
Traditional conventional microbial fertilizers mainly use organic matter as carriers, such as peat, crushed crop straw, various cake fertilizers, various crop seed bran, shells and other substances. No matter which raw material is selected, except cake fertilizer, the total nutrient content is less than 3%, and the nutrient content in fertilizer is low, which can not meet the needs of crop yield and quality. In order to obtain higher yield, farmers have to increase the input of chemical fertilizer. The output has increased, but the quality of products has declined. Due to excessive application of chemical fertilizer, the residue of chemical fertilizer in crop products exceeds the standard and agricultural products cannot be exported. What is more serious is the accumulation of toxic substances in crop products, which seriously damages people's physical and mental health after eating.
In order to meet the demand of crops for various nutrients, ensure the high yield of crops and prevent or eliminate the pollution of excessive chemical fertilizers on the quality of crop products, it is necessary to increase the nutrient content of microbial fertilizers on the premise of ensuring the full survival of microbial strains in microbial fertilizers. After many years of farmland experiments in different regions and crops, a microbial fertilizer with high nutrition was developed, and the total nutrient content of microbial fertilizer exceeded 10%. The total nutrient content of characteristic crops such as high potassium, medium phosphorus and low nitrogen can reach 20%. This data is also a major breakthrough in microbial fertilizer research.
(3) New breakthroughs have been made in manufacturing and processing machinery and equipment.
Traditional conventional microbial fertilizers are mostly powder, but the biggest disadvantage of this dosage form is that it cannot be mechanized. In order to maintain the characteristics of this fertilizer and sufficient microbial population, manufacturers adopt normal temperature extrusion granulation (cylindrical type) and drum granulation (oblate type). This dosage form, with different sizes and rough edges, is still not suitable for mechanized fertilization. If it is made into spherical particles, it needs to be granulated at high temperature with a disc or roller, so that all microorganisms will be killed.
In order to ensure the survival rate of microorganisms and be suitable for mechanized fertilization, it is necessary to develop organic matter hydrolysis tank, nitrogen fixation tank, winnowing machine, magnetic separator, crusher, pulverizer, automatic weighing and mixing of raw materials, spray mixer, extrusion granulator (or roller granulator), polishing molding machine, low-temperature drying-cooling-screening machine (also known as three-in-one machine) and magnetizing processor to process bio-organic fertilizer. Among these mechanical equipment, the main mechanical equipment such as organic hydrolysis tank, nitrogen fixation tank, mixing-spraying-mixer, polishing molding machine and low temperature dryer are the core equipment in the whole processing and manufacturing equipment. In China, there is no professional manufacturer of these devices, and they are not used in bio-organic fertilizer. Therefore, the development of this fertilizer is restricted. Our research institute has taken the lead in the development of these equipment and has done a lot of fruitful work. The application of organic matter hydrolysis, ammoniation and nitrogen fixation in bio-organic fertilizer is at the leading level at home and abroad, which can also be said to be a new breakthrough in the manufacture of bio-organic fertilizer. The mixing and spraying machine can make the medium and trace elements with total nutrient content less than 2% in bio-organic fertilizer evenly mixed in the fertilizer, which better solves the major problem of limited raw materials and uneven mixing, which restricts the product quality. This technology can also be regarded as a new breakthrough in the manufacture of bio-organic fertilizer. Polishing molding machine makes cylindrical or oblate spherical shape polished once and rolled into spherical shape, which has the advantages of no ball return, high ball forming rate, high strength, good fluidity, smooth and beautiful appearance, etc. It is suitable for mechanized fertilization, ending the history that bio-organic fertilizer is easy to disperse and difficult to pelletize and granulate because of its shape. It is an ideal equipment for manufacturing spherical particles of bio-organic fertilizer at present and a new breakthrough in manufacturing bio-organic fertilizer. Low-temperature dryer is one of the important equipment to manufacture bio-organic fertilizer and ensure the quality of fertilizer products. The equipment not only reduces the moisture in the fertilizer, ensures the strength and hardness of fertilizer particles, but also ensures the number of effective bacteria in the fertilizer, and the survival rate can reach over 95%. This mechanical equipment is also a new breakthrough in the manufacture of bio-organic fertilizer. In a word, these new breakthroughs have accelerated the development of bio-organic fertilizer.
(4) The function of fertilizer has made a new breakthrough.
The traditional conventional microbial fertilizer does not need special treatment. In order to increase the new function of microbial fertilizer, we magnetized its fertilizer products. In a suitable magnetic field environment, choosing a reasonable magnetic field intensity can achieve the best ideal effect. Otherwise, the magnetic field intensity is too large, and microbial strains are inhibited; The magnetic field intensity is too small, which has no effect on microbial strains. After years of experience in fertilizer production, we have mastered the reasonable magnetic field intensity. Compared with conventional microbial fertilizer, the treated microbial fertilizer has made a new breakthrough in fertilizer efficiency: first, after application, water molecules are activated, potential energy is increased, and the permeability and absorption capacity of crop root cells to fertilizer are enhanced; Secondly, the application can enhance the solubility of soil minerals and provide more ionic plant nutrients for crops; Thirdly, after application, the degree of dissociation in water is increased, the oxygen content is increased, and the photosynthesis of crops is promoted; Fourth, after application, soil organic matter increases, bulk density decreases, porosity increases, aggregate structure increases, soil is activated, fertility is improved, use and nutrition are combined, and cultivated land is often updated; The fifth is to eliminate environmental pollution, improve crop stress resistance, promote microbial metabolism and restore soil microecological balance after application.
High-tech biotechnology-separation and comprehensive utilization of zero-emission solid and liquid wastes
With the rapid development of national economy, the output value of various products has increased rapidly, and the cost of product waste and its environmental protection treatment has also increased accordingly. If the relationship between them is not handled well, it will directly affect the sustainable development of circular economy. For example, as far as China's pharmaceutical industry is concerned, the variety and quantity of pharmaceutical products have increased, and the resulting solid and liquid wastes have also increased accordingly, which has actually restricted the development of pharmaceutical products.
In order to ensure the normal production of pharmaceutical products and the healthy development of pharmaceutical industrialization, we have combined pharmaceutical enterprises and manufacturers to adopt high technology, synchronous product production and drug waste treatment, and achieved good results after one year of practical operation. It provides a stable and feasible operation mode for the normal production of pharmaceutical products in China; At the same time, it also provides a new model and valuable experience for the sustainable development of China's pharmaceutical industrialization circular economy.
In order to utilize and develop this high technology, this paper briefly introduces the separation technology of drug solid-liquid waste and the comprehensive utilization of solid-liquid waste:
(1) separation technology of drug solid-liquid waste
The solid and liquid in the residue were separated by plate-and-frame filter press, and the water content of the solid residue could reach about 35%.
(2) Biofermentation and degradation technology of drug solid-liquid waste.
Biological fermentation degradation technology was used to neutralize, absorb, decompose and synthesize harmful and toxic substances such as heavy metals and residual antibiotics in drug solid-liquid waste, so as to reduce and reduce harmful and toxic substances and reach national standards.
(3) Comprehensive utilization technology of pharmaceutical waste residue and solid-liquid waste.
① Preparation of biological feed from solid waste.
Firstly, the separated drug waste residue is sprayed with microbial strains and fermented in a pool for 3-5 days; Then, the fermented dregs are added with feed additives, fully stirred and extruded for granulation; Thirdly, dehydration and low-temperature drying; Finally magnetizing, automatically weighing, sealing, palletizing and warehousing.
② Using solid waste to prepare bio-organic fertilizer.
Firstly, the separated drug waste residue is sprayed with microbial strains and fermented in a pool for 3-5 days; Then, a large number of elements N, P and K, medium elements Ca, Mg and S, a small number of trace elements Fe, Mo, Mn, Cu, Zn and B, as well as active substances amino acids, humic acids and polypeptides are added into the fermented dregs; Thirdly, all kinds of materials are fully stirred, extruded and granulated, shaped and polished, screened, dried at low temperature and magnetized; Finally, automatic weighing, sealing, palletizing and storage.
③ Preparation of biological pesticides from waste liquid.
Liquid-liquid separation is carried out on the separated drug waste liquid, the soluble liquid enters a fermentation tank, and different kinds of microbial strains are added to prepare a series of biological pesticides; The insoluble mixture is injected into another storage tank and sent to the waste oil purchasing station to extract biodiesel.
To sum up, after treatment ①, ② and ③, there is no waste residue, waste liquid and waste gas, and pollution-free "three noes" production and "zero discharge" are realized.
This high-tech can also be applied to the treatment of solid and liquid wastes from chemical industry, light industry, food, catering, agriculture and animal husbandry. 2 1 century is the era of biotechnology and bioengineering. In this era, bio-organic fertilizer has a broad development prospect. Compared with the traditional conventional microbial fertilizer, there are four innovations: first, there is a new breakthrough in the combination and collocation of strains; Second, there is a new breakthrough in the total nutrient content of bio-organic fertilizer; Third, there is a new breakthrough in bio-organic fertilizer manufacturing and processing machinery and equipment; Fourth, there is a new breakthrough in the function of bio-organic fertilizer products.
First, the characteristics of biotechnology innovation
This technology is quite mature. Compared with traditional conventional agricultural technology, its main innovations are as follows: first, the adopted technical route is novel and unique, leading in technology, multidisciplinary integration and scientific assembly, forming a complete multifunctional organism; Second, the selected production facilities have scientific and reasonable structure, simple operation, energy saving, coal saving and water saving, and high product yield; Third, the production technology is advanced, energy-saving, ecological, green, unique and creative; Fourth, in the production process, the "three noes" production without waste residue, waste liquid and waste gas has been realized, and the pollution-free "zero emission" of waste recycling has been realized; Fifth, it has less investment, quick effect, short cycle and great income, and has high popularization and practical value.
Second, the characteristics of the product
Firstly, the ecological series special fertilizer is prepared, and the required nutrients are scientifically prepared according to biological characteristics; Second, the decomposition of organic matter adopts the methods of high temperature, high pressure, hydrolysis and nitrogen fixation, which changes from difficult dissolution to easy absorption; Thirdly, the principles of learning from each other's strengths, complementing each other's strengths, not being antagonistic to each other and surviving * * * * are adopted in the screening and combination of microorganisms to achieve the best and optimal combination of strains; Fourthly, the product adopts magnetization treatment process, which changes the internal structure of the product, activates water molecules, increases oxygen content and enhances photosynthesis. "Making organic-inorganic compound fertilizer by ammonia fixation technology of hydrolyzed organic matter" was listed as "National Spark Plan Project" by the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2005. The garlic bio-organic fertilizer prepared in 2007 was tested by the Food Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan) and audited by the National Green Food Development Center, and was recognized as "A-level green food product". In 2008, "Research on Key Technologies of Producing Bio-special Organic Fertilizer from Pharmaceutical Waste Residue" was listed as a key project of Henan Development and Reform Commission. In the same year, it was appraised by relevant experts organized by Henan Science and Technology Department.