This problem is very complicated, but patients don't need to know much, just simply know some key points, so that they can communicate with doctors calmly. The bladder contains urine, which is equivalent to a large reservoir in our body. If the bladder is removed, the problem of urine must be solved. Medically, it is also called urinary diversion. The easiest way is to pull the ureter into the stomach, because under normal circumstances, the ureter is connected with the bladder, and now the bladder is removed and the ureter is directly pulled into the stomach. This is called ureterostomy. People have two ureters, so they can do an ostomy on one side, or combine the two ureters in the body, that is, Y-shaped anastomosis and pull them out from one part, or pull out two orifices next to one part. It is also equivalent to stoma (figuratively speaking, we make it into a double tube). Whether to do single-sided or double-sided stoma depends entirely on your own situation and the doctor's consideration. The advantage of this method may be that you know it has little or no influence on the gastrointestinal tract, but the biggest problem of this ureterostomy method is that the ureter end is prone to necrosis and stenosis (because of the poor blood supply at the ureter end), because it is often necessary to leave a stent. It is not convenient to change it regularly in the future, so this method is generally limited to some special patients, such as poor general condition, too old, too long operation time, and problems with their own intestines. Of course, this method can solve practical problems from the point of view of our clinicians, and sometimes it is a last resort. Then you need to know that one of the most commonly used urinary diversion methods in clinic is ileal outlet, or ileostomy, usually in the right lower abdomen. This operation is also called brick operation. Why is it called this? Because Dr. Brick had the operation for the first time, in memory of him. This method is the most mature and reliable. Simply put, it is to cut a small intestine from a long intestine of a person as a whole, reserve the blood supply of this small intestine, and then restore the continuity of the patient's own intestine. The following is to use this intercepted small intestine as a urine outlet. You can naturally understand that two ureters should be anastomosed with the proximal end of this small intestine, and the anastomotic ends should be left in the body. Pull out the abdominal stoma at the other end of the small intestine (you can also understand that the ureter does not need to be pulled directly to the skin, thus protecting the blood supply), so that urine will flow out from this small intestinal stoma in the abdomen (this small intestinal stoma is much larger than the ureterostomy, so there is no problem of stenosis). The patient may ask, isn't this urine going to be scattered everywhere? Here's the thing. There is something like an ostomy bag around the stoma, a chassis is attached to the skin around the stoma, and a urine bag is buckled on the chassis, so that urine can be collected at night, so that urine will not flow to clothes. Now that technology is developed, the urine bag on the chassis is more advanced than before, so it is no problem to wear such an ostomy bag when traveling. Of course, the chassis on the ostomy bag still needs to be replaced regularly. Naturally, it can be understood that ureterostomy also requires the use of ostomy bags. Finally, you should know that the doctor will tell you the latest urinary diversion method, that is, orthotopic neocystectomy, which is also varied and unchangeable. Simply put, your own bladder has been removed. The doctor uses your own intestine to shape something similar to a bladder, and then matches it with your residual urethra, so that you can urinate from the urethra as before. Strictly speaking, the above two methods are the same. In the two methods mentioned above, urine flows out of the stomach uncontrollably and continuously (also called uncontrollable urinary diversion), but the new bladder can control urination by itself (also called controllable urinary diversion), which is equivalent to the doctor rebuilding a reservoir for you and connecting it with your urethra, so this method sounds beautiful, but patients should know that this method can not be done by anyone who has removed the bladder. For example, your bladder tumor is particularly close to the urethra. In order to completely remove the tumor, you can understand that the doctor will not risk the positive margin of urethral resection for you (the so-called positive margin of urethral resection means that the tumor has not been artificially removed), for example, your urethral stricture is to make you suffer. I also realize that people with low education should not consider this method, because there are many things to do with doctors later, and poor understanding will definitely be a problem, and postoperative follow-up is also very important. Besides, not all doctors will do this kind of surgery, only in some big medical centers (not necessarily). This kind of operation is relatively new and complicated, which emphasizes the quality of life of patients. Of course, patients must know that the so-called new bladder is not better than our original bladder. From our doctor's point of view, it is more likely that something will go wrong. Therefore, you must understand that the way to divert urine flow must be decided according to the patient's situation and the doctor's experience, and it cannot be forced. In a word, as an ordinary person, I think it is enough to have a basic understanding of these three methods, and these methods are basically being carried out in China. The life span is not affected, which depends on the pathological examination results of the cured specimens (such as the grade of cancer cells, the depth of infiltration, and the local lymphatic metastasis). ) and the future development of the disease. There are great differences among individuals, so it is necessary to check them regularly, but I think that if there is a chance of radical cure, it means that there is a possibility of complete cure, so we should actively treat them.