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Can someone tell me what is the data overflow in C++?
Data overflow means that it is beyond the scope of the data type itself.

For example, the range of int you mentioned below is -32768-32767.

Exceeding or falling below this range will lead to data overflow.

But why is the range of int -32768-32767? This is artificially designated. When the type of int was set at that time, its scope was fixed. This numerical range is -32768-32767, which is actually the memory space allocated by this data type.