Suitable environment: Thermophilic plants are cultivated in areas with an annual average temperature of 9-23℃. However, persimmon trees in China are mostly distributed in the area of annual average temperature 1 1-20℃ (which is also the economic cultivation limit of persimmon trees). Sweet persimmon should be cultivated in the area where the annual average temperature is above 65438 03℃. Below this temperature, the fruit can't be naturally astringent and can't grow on trees.

Being fond of sunshine, resistant to early birth and thin weather, too much rainfall and insufficient sunshine are unfavorable to persimmon growth and development. The suitable soil pH value is 5.0-6.8.

1, carefully prepared:

Soil preparation can improve soil moisture, air, nutrients, temperature and other environmental conditions, which plays a great role in improving the survival rate of periodic planting and promoting the rapid growth of seedlings. The standard of soil preparation is generally 30 cm deep, and the stones, roots and grass roots in the soil should be cleaned up. The soil should be loose, the water retaining ridge should be firm and the soil preparation time should be long. In the arid area of Weibei, it is necessary to make preparations before the rainy season, which can save more water. In places with good site conditions, soil preparation is needed.

2. Cultivation:

Grafting propagation is generally adopted, and there are many grafting methods for persimmon trees. Commonly used are bud grafting (when persimmon trees bloom in spring, summer or summer and autumn, when scions and rootstocks fall off) and branch grafting (cutting, belly grafting, splitting and skin grafting). It is best to seal the scion with wax). Pay attention to tie the brace to prevent the seedlings from being blown off by the strong wind after grafting. Prevent the damage of pests and diseases to buds and leaves, and pay attention to the management of weeding, fertilization and irrigation.

3, reasonable topdressing:

May-June is the peak season for growth, and the potential energy of roots and buds is strong. 20 grams of pure nitrogen, 20 grams of calcium superphosphate 10, and 20 grams of potassium chloride were applied to each young tree of 1-2 years old. The amount of fertilization per plant of 3-5 years old is twice that of 1-2 years old. The amount of fertilizer applied per mu of adult fruit trees in summer is 4 kg of pure nitrogen (converted into 7.8 kg of urea), 4 kg of calcium superphosphate and 4 kg of potassium chloride.

Young trees of 5- 10 cm on the crown perpendicular to the periphery of drip line; At 15-20cm adult fruit trees, an annular ditch with a width of 20cm and a depth of 20cm was dug. Before 9: 00 a.m. and after 5: 00 p.m. on cloudy or sunny days, apply the above three fertilizers and cover the soil immediately.

4, flowering girdling:

Persimmon trees are generally girdled at flowering stage, that is, in mid-May. The method is to use a sharp knife (or blade) to cut two parallel circles on the trunk, reaching the xylem, then cut a knife longitudinally, and then use the tip of the knife to raise a circle of skin between the two knives. It's best to peel it on a sunny morning. Pay attention to make the incision flat, neat, wide and narrow, and its width varies with the thickness of peeled branches.

In the hot season, management should pay special attention to the prevention and control of the following five kinds of pests and diseases.

1. persimmon disease: the diseased persimmon tree germinates late in spring, grows slowly, and the fruit softens early and falls off, which seriously leads to no fruit or death of the whole plant.

Control methods: You can choose disease-resistant varieties or use disease-resistant rootstocks for breeding, and at the same time strengthen cultivation management to improve disease resistance. Tetracycline antibiotics can be injected into trees.

2. Persimmon angular leaf spot: it mainly harms leaves and fruit stalks, and serious illness will lead to defoliation and fruit drop.

Prevention and treatment: It can be effective to carefully remove the diseased stems before the new leaves are picked. From June to July, spray 400 times the amount of Bordeaux twice. You can also choose 70% mancozeb 500 times solution or 64% antivirus alum wettable powder 500 times solution for spraying. In addition, more organic fertilizer should be applied to improve the disease resistance of plants.

3. Persimmon anthracnose: It mainly harms new shoots and fruits, and sometimes infects leaves.

Prevention and control methods: strengthen fertilizer and water management to prevent excessive branches. During the growth period of persimmon trees, carefully cut off diseased branches and fruits, remove underground fruit drops, and burn or bury them centrally. According to the rainfall in summer, spray medicine 2-3 times a month.

Generally, protective agents such as "Tree Protection General"+1: 3: 500 bordeaux solution or1500 ~ 2,000 times of 50% prochloraz are sprayed before rain, and 2000 ~ 3,000 times of 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate or 3000 ~ 4,000 times of 80% chlorpromazine wettable powder or 6544 are sprayed after rain.

4. Persimmon cotton scale: This insect mainly damages the leaves and fruits of persimmon trees with nymphs.

Control method: spray branches with Pomei 5-degree stone sulfur mixture before persimmon germination to eliminate overwintering nymphs. Seize the favorable opportunity when nymph is in full bloom, and before the wax shell is formed, when the drug resistance is still poor, 25.5% mirex 1500 times solution can be used for control. Spraying Xerox 200 times and mirex 1000 times with ash shell can also achieve control effect.

5, persimmon worms: persimmon worms mainly harm fruits. Larvae eat persimmon fruit from persimmon stem, which makes the fruit soft and fall off.

Control methods: In the peak period of larval damage in the middle and late June and in the period of the second generation larval damage to persimmon fruit in the middle and late August, the damaged fruit is completely eliminated, and the pupae and larvae of that year are eliminated. Then in the first half of August, the straw was tied to the trunk to lure the mature larvae to spend the winter inside, and then the straw was pulled out and burned centrally after winter. Spraying metoclopramide or deltamethrin at the end of May and early June, and at the end of July and early August, respectively, had good insecticidal effect.