(1) dormant pruning
Dormancy pruning, also known as winter pruning, refers to the pruning of pear trees from the dormant period after defoliation in winter to the budding period in the following spring. Most of the nutrients produced by the leaves of pear trees are used for storage after the fruits are harvested. Before the pear tree leaves, this part of nutrients should be transported to the base branches and roots for storage, and then transported upward in the next spring when the temperature rises, so that the branches and leaves can grow, bloom and set fruit. In this way, in the dormant period of pear trees, the young branches contain less nutrients and lose less nutrients after pruning, and the remaining branches will get relatively sufficient nutrients in the next spring, thus strengthening the growth potential. Therefore, pruning in winter is mainly to cut off some branches with pruning shears or saw off large branches. Pruning in this period is suitable for tree body culture, crown expansion, fruiting branch culture, or old tree regeneration and auxiliary branch transformation.
I would like to remind fruit farmers to pay special attention to this: in the past, when pear trees were extensively managed, scissors and saws were unprotected, so it was easy to lose water and infect pests and diseases from wounds. From the point of view of science and fine management, it is very necessary to protect the logging land in winter.
The specific time of pruning in winter: if the orchard area is large, it can be started after defoliation; If the area is small and the pruning time is sufficient, it can be carried out after the severe cold and before the tree buds flow.
(2) Pruning in growing season
Also known as summer pruning, it refers to pruning from spring germination to autumn defoliation. Pruning in the growing season is in the period of new shoot growth, which can adjust and solve various contradictions in time with the growth of branches, leaves, flowers and fruits to ensure normal growth and fruit. Therefore, people pay more and more attention to pruning in growing season, which exceeds pruning in winter in terms of labor and time. Pruning in growth period can be divided into the following periods according to different time:
(1) spring pruning. The pruning time in spring is from germination to flowering. When the flower buds are obvious, the amount of flowers can be further adjusted by pruning to supplement the shortage of pruning in winter. However, in spring, the nutrients stored in the trees have been transported away and the buds have sprouted. After cutting off the branches and buds, more nutrients are lost. If the pruning is too heavy, the tree will weaken. Therefore, the pruning of pear trees in spring should not be large.
② Pruning in summer. Summer pruning is a long time from flowering to vegetative branches stopping growing. During this period, the trees grew vigorously and the leaf area expanded rapidly. The photosynthetic capacity of leaves increases, and leaves lose more when pruning, which obviously inhibits the growth potential of trees. During this period, scissors were rarely used, and the main pruning measures were coring, budding, taking branches and opening corners.
③ Pruning in autumn. Autumn pruning refers to the pruning from the time when new shoots stop growing to the time before fruit picking. At this time, the flourishing trees or pear trees with better soil management often have too many strong branches, resulting in poor illumination and too many branches in the inner room. At this time, mainly through pruning, a small number of new branches and long branches can be loosened, the light of trees can be improved, the photosynthetic capacity of leaves in the later stage can be increased, the amount of pruning in winter can be reduced, and the wound can heal quickly. In addition, the branches are soft during this period, which is a good time for young trees to open their branches. However, during this period, intermediate trees and weak trees should not be thinned, so as not to grow weaker. You can't trim Wang Shu too much so as not to weaken it too much.
Attention should be paid to pruning during the growth period: first, don't prune too much and remove too many leaves, otherwise the tree will be weak and overweight; Second, although the cut wound heals quickly, the bacteria spread quickly during the growing period and should be protected in time.