Lead: Psychological counselor is a special profession, which requires higher requirements for practitioners. A psychological counselor must have very rich life experience, nearly perfect personality characteristics, agile creative thinking, special ability tendency, strong theoretical research ability and other basic qualities in order to fundamentally help the seekers.
Professor Zhang Xiaoqiao pointed out that psychological counselors must have superb professional ability, noble professional ethics and healthy psychological quality in order to be competent for the sacred mission of psychological counselors.
Psychological consultation is an important and complicated work. Counselors face people who need psychological help. People come to consult in order to adjust their mentality, study and work more effectively, and face all kinds of problems in life more actively, so as to improve their quality of life and live a full and happy life. The task of consultants is to improve their abilities. Therefore, the responsibility of consultants is great and arduous. Who can undertake such a task? Is a qualified psychological counselor. They must meet the following conditions:
First, superb business ability.
Psychological counseling is a major with its own theories, methods and skills. Personnel engaged in psychological counseling must undergo special training and obtain certificates before they can take up their posts. Counselors must devote themselves to the theory of psychological counseling, master the methods and skills of psychological counseling, actively participate in the practical activities of psychological counseling, and constantly improve their professional level in order to become a qualified counselor.
1. Master the professional theory of psychological counseling.
Psychological counseling has a history of more than half a century in the world. Psychological counselors have accumulated a lot of experience and conducted professional theoretical research, forming a branch of psychology. School psychological counseling and mental health education are called psychological counseling in some parts of Asia. Psychologists in Hong Kong and Taiwan have done a lot of research on counseling and psychotherapy, and published relevant academic works. China's domestic psychological counseling started in the 1980s, and this work is particularly active in colleges and universities. Scholars have made theoretical research on psychological counseling and mental health education in combination with the practice of psychological counseling, and related theoretical works have come out one after another. The research of counseling psychology has a certain foundation in China. Universities with psychology departments have organized systematic training to train psychological counseling professionals. All these provide conditions for consultants to improve their professional level.
Psychological counseling is inseparable from psychotherapy and psychological testing. Psychological counselors should have a solid psychological theoretical foundation and master the basic knowledge of general psychology, personality psychology, educational psychology, medical psychology, psychometrics and other disciplines, so that the consultation work can be based on scientific theoretical guidance.
2. Develop a multi-faceted knowledge structure
There will be many problems in the process of psychological counseling. For example, youth's outlook on life, world outlook and values, interpersonal relationship, personality development and social adaptation, young students' professional thinking and learning methods, adolescent physical and mental problems, love and marriage, and so on. This requires consultants to have a comprehensive knowledge structure. Psychological counselors should not only have professional knowledge of psychology, but also take the world outlook and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism as their ideological guidance, and resolutely resist the invasion of all superstitious ideas that violate science. In addition, there must be knowledge of pedagogy, sociology and basic medicine. Only by developing one's own knowledge structure in various ways can one have the conditions to enlighten, educate and guide the explorers correctly.
3. Actively participate in the practical activities of psychological counseling.
Experience is the mother of wisdom. In psychological counseling, you may meet visitors with different mentality and encounter unexpected problems in advance. To enrich one's psychological counseling experience and improve one's professional ability, one should learn from practice in addition to books. Summarize experience in consulting practice, learn and develop predecessors' theories, improve the ability of analyzing and solving problems, and form their own unique style.
Second, noble professional ethics.
The basic mode of psychological counseling is education and medical treatment, so psychological counselors should have both professional ethics and medical ethics.
1. Love consulting and have the noble character of helping others.
Psychological counseling is a helpful work, which requires time and energy, understanding, sympathy, care and patience for the clients. Visitors usually come to you when they are unhappy and in trouble. You need to listen to him patiently, share his worries and troubles, and have a helpful love. In some developed countries, psychologists earn a lot of money, but in China, this job has not been fully recognized and accepted by the society, and sometimes they have to make unpaid contributions. It is difficult for profit-oriented people to achieve their goals through this work. Psychological counseling in colleges and universities faces young people who are educated in schools. They are the hope of the motherland and society, and their physical and mental development is related to the future and destiny of the country. Therefore, people engaged in psychological counseling in colleges and universities should treat teenagers with a strong sense of social responsibility and make efforts for their healthy growth.
2. Protect the vital interests of visitors and respect their personality and wishes.
Counselors should use their attitudes and behaviors to convince visitors that their self-disclosure will not shock you and that confidentiality is absolute. Respecting privacy and keeping secrets is an important part of protecting the interests of visitors. Never make fun of people who talk about privacy and the relationship between consultation and interview. This is the minimum morality of a consultant.
We should treat visitors equally, regardless of their temperament, whether they have physical defects or some quirks, we should not discriminate against and dislike them. On the contrary, we should treat people honestly and equally and respect the personality of visitors. Consultants should be good at listening to visitors' opinions, understanding their needs and meeting their reasonable needs as much as possible. In case of disagreement on the consultant's analysis and handling, we should give advice patiently, let nature take its course, respect the wishes of the inquirer and don't enforce it. It is necessary to protect visitors' independent rights to life and health.
3. In the relationship between consultation and interview, the consultant does not seek to meet personal needs.
Psychological counseling is to help visitors get rid of mental troubles and confusion. Counselors are never allowed to seek their own needs and satisfaction in the relationship between consultation and visit, in love and hate, attachment and desire. Psychological counseling is to help people in the sense of altruism, and I am an outsider in the emotional entanglement of the questioner. Consultants should not bring personal emotions into the consultation process, vent their troubles and misfortunes on the consultants, and do not pin their love and hate on the consultants. His care and help to the inquirer is selfless and unrequited. In addition, consultants should not ask visitors to provide material rewards. Even if the inquirer offers, he should refuse. In formal consulting institutions, if fees are charged, they can only strictly abide by the regulations and cannot receive money or material gifts beyond the regulations.
4. Guide the questioner with good ethics.
Eliminating psychological barriers and restoring psychological balance is one of the important tasks of psychological counseling. However, restoring psychological balance cannot be at the expense of harming the interests of others, nor can we vent our grievances by belittling and slandering others in the consultation process. When helping visitors overcome psychological barriers, they should be guided by good ethical concepts. This is of great significance to help the healthy development of the caller's morality and personality.
Young people studying in colleges and universities are at a critical age when their outlook on life and world is formed. Their views on life, career, friendship, love and many other issues are not mature enough, and it is inevitable that they have some naive and confused ideas. Psychological counseling should help visitors to ease their psychological confusion and guide them to face life with a positive attitude. Guide them to correctly handle all kinds of problems encountered in life, and solve the contradictions encountered in the relationship between ideals and reality, interests and specialties, individuals and collectives, and individuals and others. At the same time, tourists' mental state and moral quality have been sublimated.
Third, healthy psychological quality.
Counselors themselves should be mentally healthy people. Because the counselor's mental health plays an auxiliary role in the understanding and technical guidance of visitors. The better the mental health level of counselors, the greater the help they can provide in the relationship between counselors and visitors. On the contrary, if the counselor is psychologically unhealthy, it will produce distorted values and eccentric mentality, which will lead to confusion and conflict in counseling, and may even induce some diseases of the counselor. A qualified consultant should have the following psychological qualities:
1. Positive and healthy personality and mentality.
Mentally healthy people are mentally positive. A competent consultant is active, optimistic and energetic in his work and life, besides the relationship between consultation and interview. Such people can bring their optimistic attitude of loving life into consulting work. When they consult, on the one hand, they can let the disheartened people regain their courage in life; On the other hand, you won't run out of energy. They don't regard consulting work as a burden, so they can bring enthusiasm and vitality to consulting work. Psychological counselors should not only heal people's wounds with superb skills, but also give visitors positive infection and influence with their noble and sound personality strength.
2. Understanding can establish harmonious interpersonal relationships.
Mentally healthy people can understand others from the objective reality, associate with people with different temperament and personality, understand people's situations and difficulties and give them appropriate sympathy, support and help. As the saying goes, a wise man knows people? . Understanding others is where a person's wisdom lies, and it is also inseparable from his broad mind. Imagine how a narrow-minded and demanding person can have good interpersonal relationships. Psychological counseling is dealing with people and needs guidance on how to deal with interpersonal relationships. Every interview is an intense behavior counseling class. If the psychological counselor lacks mental health and interpersonal relationship, how to guide the inquirer correctly?
3. Emotional stability, no obvious psychological barriers.
Everyone has emotions and worldly desires, and counselors, like normal people, have their own emotions. But they are good at scheduling and have a high tolerance for setbacks. They avoid talking about their personal problems in the past and present, and they don't bear a heavy mental burden to meet the inquirers. Their own needs of love, hate and anger are met outside the relationship between consultation and visiting. They can't have obvious mental illness themselves. They sympathize with the questioner, but don't let this sympathy get too deep. In the whole consultation process, they always keep a cool head and psychological independence.
4. Keen mind, sincere feelings and good psychological quality.
A keen mind enables the consultant to gain insight into the inner world of the inquirer through his words and expressions during the consultation process, and find things that are difficult for ordinary people to find or easy to ignore from the subtle expressions. Some visitors don't know much about the essence and principle of psychological counseling, so it's easy to beat around the bush at the beginning, talk about some side issues and hide their real problems. A keen consultant can find problems in time and guide the dialogue in depth.
A good consultant must have deep and sincere feelings. The conversation between the consultant and the inquirer should be frank, earnest and sincere. Only sincerity can shorten the distance between people, make people feel trusted and open their hearts without reservation. The counselor's mood should be relaxed, cheerful, confident and full of humor, so as to ease the inquirer's nervousness and express his problems in a relaxed environment.
The good psychological quality of counselors is also manifested in high concentration, good memory, fluent language expression and strong adaptability to various accidents. Besides, you need patience, flexibility and vigilance.
In a word, a competent consultant has many good qualities. He is a man with high moral character, rich professional knowledge and healthy psychological quality.
;