2. In what way did Huaxia Group and Dongyi Group cooperate?
3. How do phoenix totem and bird totem combine to form phoenix bird worship?
4. Why did the Yellow Emperor demote his two sons Qingyang and Changyi to Jiang Shui and Ruoshui?
According to legend, the Yellow Emperor had four concubines and ten concubines in his life. The princess is Leizu from Xiling, which is in Xiping County, Henan Province.
The second princess is Fang, a famous daughter. The third concubine is Tong Yu. At the bottom is Mo Mu. The Yellow Emperor has twenty-five sons, fourteen of whom have surnames. These fourteen people have twelve surnames. [ 1]
Princess Lei Zu planted mulberry and raised silkworms herself, taught the people how to spin, and called her "the first silkworm". Later, he was chased as a silkworm god by successive dynasties. As the princess of the Yellow Emperor, Lei Zu has two sons, and their descendants all own the world:
A man named Xiao Xuan, Qingyang, was made a vassal and settled in Jiang Shui (now Minjiang River in Sichuan); [2] The son of Qingyang, Gao E, was born in Di Ku; He was the fourth monarch and one of the five emperors of the Yellow Emperor Dynasty. Another son of Lei Zu, named Changyi, was also made a vassal and settled in Ruoshui (now Yalong River in Sichuan). Changyi married Changpu, the daughter of Shushan aristocratic family, and gave birth to Levin and Levin, namely Zhuan Xu, becoming the third monarch of the Yellow Emperor Dynasty. [3] Changyi and Qingyang, among the sons of the Yellow Emperor, only two got the surname of Ji.
What do you mean, drop off? Is to send my son to other places to exercise and see who has a future. Who is the boss, Qingyang or Changyi? There is no basis and I dare not talk nonsense. Perhaps Qingyang was more capable and was quickly transferred to the place ruled by Shao Hao by the Yellow Emperor. This practice of the Yellow Emperor is undoubtedly not at ease with Dongyi Group, which has just surrendered, and let his son shoulder the heavy responsibility of monitoring.
Later generations, after Zhou Wuwang destroyed the Shang Dynasty, there was a similar practice, that is, his brothers Guan Shu, Cai Shu and Huo Shu were sent to monitor Wu Geng, the son of Shang Zhouwang, in the hometown of Yin Shang, and they were called the Three Supervisors.
The Zhuolu earthquake and the death of the Yellow Emperor made the whole northern part of the Yellow Emperor dynasty out of control. Because the Yellow Emperor didn't appoint a successor before his death, Qingyang and Changyi probably didn't exercise long enough and were not popular enough. So the ministers and elders of the Yellow Emperor dynasty refused to obey anyone without reaching an agreement. So a political deadlock was formed.
People can't have no owners for a day, and countries can't have no kings for a day. This is the concept of later generations. In the early days of the Yellow Emperor, the concept of nation was only vaguely formed. For thousands of years, people's minds have always attached importance to this clan, and the formation of national concepts is first to break the barriers between clans. As far as Huaxia Group is concerned, it will take thousands of years for all clans to gain mutual recognition and form an Huaxia cultural circle. So is the history of Dongyi Group.
After the battle of Zhuolu, although the Yellow Emperor apparently pacified the world, the alliance between Huaxia Group and Dongyi Group was still strong, and it was difficult to maintain a superficial balance. It will take more than a generation if the relationship between the two groups is to be eased, and then it will be friendly, stable and mutually recognized. As for how to separate you from me, even if several generations marry, it is still far from enough.
In short, in the early days of the Yellow Emperor Dynasty, the cultural backgrounds of the two groups were too different. Although they merged, they did not reach the point of perfect harmony. It was not until the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty two thousand years later that Dongyi Group, led by Xu Yanwang, once again challenged the sovereignty of Huaxia Group. In this struggle, it took Zhou Muwang, the leader of Huaxia Group at that time, a long time to win the final victory. The prelude to the birth of the Han nationality is the result of multi-ethnic mixed blood and great integration of the Yellow Emperor Dynasty.
Today, China people not only regard themselves as descendants of the "Dragon", but also fully identify with their own "Phoenix" Miao lineage. The time spent, going back, has a history of five thousand years.
China people always have a lot of strange wisdom when dealing with political deadlock. Since the successor of the Yellow Emperor Dynasty can't be pushed out, Huaxia Group and Dongyi Group have already fought fiercely and have no strength to repeat each other.
Although Huaxia Group occupied a dominant position in the Yellow Emperor Dynasty, its foundation was shaken and its prestige was greatly reduced after the earthquake in Zhuolu, the capital. At present, the first priority must be disaster relief and reconstruction.
What shall we do? Zuo Che, the minister of the Yellow Emperor Dynasty, put forward a plan to carve the statue of the Yellow Emperor out of wood. Ask this idol if you have any questions. The two groups compromised and finally approved the plan. [4]
Qingyang went to Genqiong Sang (now Qufu, Shandong Province) of Dongyi Group to heal the wounds after the war launched by Chiyou. Throughout his life, he was not recognized by Huaxia Group and Dongyi Group, and was honored as the * * * Lord of the world like his father. Therefore, among the five emperors of the Yellow Emperor Dynasty, although he ranked second, he was a little shaky. Perhaps his rule over Shao Hao was too kind. He was accepted by Dongyi Group, but rejected by Huaxia Group.
Later Confucianism collectively referred to the Yellow Emperor Dynasty in the United States. From the founding of the Yellow Emperor to the era of Yao, Shun and Yu, we were able to choose talents and appoint people, and succeeded to the throne through the democratic abdication system. In fact, it is nothing more than a delicate balance between Huaxia Group and Dongyi Group. It was not until Dayu's flood control period that he used the opportunity of flood control to implement dictatorship, and only then did he firmly keep his power in his palm and open a new autocratic bureau of "home to the world".
Due to the integration of Chiyou, Shao Hao, ruled by Qingyang, has a vast land, covering half of Shandong in the north, eastern Henan in the west, the southernmost part of Henan in the southwest, central Anhui in the south and the East China Sea in the east.
As mentioned earlier, during the Spring and Autumn Period, when Xunzi (the head of a small country in Dongyi Group, the viscount country) traced his own history, he told the story of the time when the first monarch of the Shao Hao family, Di Vegetation Dongyi Group, was established as the son of heaven, because the phoenix had just flown.
Therefore, the Shao Hao family decided to rule the world with the good omen of birds, so he set up a bird official, and all the officials were named after birds. This statement is actually very unreliable. Because Zhi is the son of Di Ku, the fourth monarch among the Five Emperors.
Zhi, it's a stork. It is the floorboard of the fiercest birds such as eagle, eagle and owl. In other words, it is the king of birds. Therefore, the wise emperor should be your respectful name, which means that the leaders of the tribes of Dongyi Group are not the masters of * * * but also the overlords in terms of power.
As early as before the wisdom, the history of bird totem worship of the clan was a part of the life of Dongyi clan.
2. Shao Hao's country
Shao Hao's sphere of influence
Han Jing's Tomb in Fangmatan Mountain and Sea, Gansu Province: The Earliest Paper Map
Tibet, the birthplace of Quaternary human beings in the Ice Age, and its diffusion route.
Ancient farm tool bones.
Unearthed from Hemudu cultural site. Its function is similar to today's shovel.
Paddy: A large number of carbonized paddy was unearthed at Jiahu site, indicating that the agricultural level of China people was already high before 6000 BC.
About the history of the Shao Hao family. The older you get, the less information you have. In the history of Qingyang's land management, the only document is Shan Hai Jing, which is slightly recorded.
Shan Hai Jing is called "the first wonderful book in the world". Since it was written, it has been hard to accept because of its bizarre content, and Sima Qian, the author of Historical Records, dare not rashly use the information in Shan Hai Jing. [5] Shan Hai Jing has only more than 31,000 words, but as far as its narrative content is concerned, it is all-encompassing, from astronomy, geography, mythology and religion to nationalities, animals, plants and minerals.
In terms of geography alone, it is verified by the current archaeological data:
Nanshan starts from Zhoushan Islands in Zhejiang Province in the east, reaches western Hunan Province in the west and the South China Sea in Guangdong Province in the south, including Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Hunan provinces.
Xishan passes through the Yellow River between the mountains and Shaanxi in the east, Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi and Gansu in the south, Yanchi in Ningxia in the north and Altun Mountain in Xinjiang in the northwest.
Beishan starts from Helan Mountain in Tengger Desert of Inner Mongolia in the west, reaches Ningxia in the west, reaches the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain in Hebei in the east, and reaches the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia in the north.
Dongshan Well includes present-day Shandong, northern Jiangsu and Anhui.
Zhongshan Jingxi to the northwest edge of Sichuan Basin.
The Classic of Mountains and Seas is a world record book with China as the center, although it has many famous myths, such as Mending the Goddess of Heaven, Chasing the Sun by Kuafu and Reclaiming the Sea by Jingwei. [6]
The author's ambition seems to be quite ambitious, claiming to be-
What the earth carries, including everything between the upper and lower directions, is illuminated by the sun and the moon, experienced by the stars, and in the prime of life.
Everything on the earth is created by gods, so everything has different shapes, some die young, some live a long life, and only wise people can understand the truth. [7]
So where did Shao Hao, a country described in Shan Hai Jing, rise?
"Shan Hai Jing" mountain scenery Liu Changshan said:
Two hundred miles west of Jishi Mountain, there is a mountain called Changliu Mountain.
Shao Hao (also known as Bai Di), the God of the West, lives on this mountain.
All animals on this mountain have colored tails, and all birds have colored heads.
There are many jade patterns on the mountain. This mountain is actually the palace of Qi God.
The member god is responsible for reflecting the sunset glow to the east at sunset. [8]
This mountain, whose present location is unknown, is said to be in today's Shan Zhinan, the sacred mountain of Shao Hao's ancestors. The God they worship, Bai Di Shao Hao. Probably because there are many wild animals and birds in the mountains, they chose birds as their totems. On this mountain, there is also a palace where the gods are together. The members of the gods belong to Shao Hao. [9]
God's main duty is to watch the sun sink to the west and see if it reflects light to the east normally. It can be seen that Shao Hao's family seems to have made a calendar by observing the sunrise and sunset at this time.
Glaciers around the world began to melt in the late fourth ice age [10]. The original plain turned into a plateau, which was not suitable for human survival, so human beings all ran down from the plateau. At that time, the whole world was like this, and China people were no exception, and Shao was no exception.
When Shao Hao clan moved eastward to Shandong Peninsula, the calendar level was improved. Apart from my special study of this tribe, I guess I have also learned a lot from the Taeho K clan. The base area chosen by the Shao Hao clan was originally Rizhao, on the coast of the East China Sea in Shandong Province, and later moved to poor mulberry (now Qufu, Shandong Province). Why did the Shao Hao family move to such a distant place to settle down?
In terms of natural conditions, Shandong Peninsula belongs to the continental climate of warm temperate monsoon, with four distinct seasons and abundant precipitation. It has the climatic characteristics of frequent spring drought, rainy summer, dry autumn and dry winter with little snow. There are more than 0/00 hills in/kloc-across the east, west, north and south borders. Dozens of mounds of different sizes are scattered in the mountains, and the central and western regions are fertile fields. As far as water resources are concerned, there are two main rivers, Sri Lanka and Iraq, which cross the whole territory from east to west. In other words, Shandong Peninsula is an ideal area for developing agriculture and animal husbandry.
In Shangshu, there is an article praising Dayu, which was written in Gong Yu.
Between Jishui and the Yellow River is Yanzhou;
..... All the places where mulberry trees are planted have silkworms, so people move down from the mountains and live on the flat land. The soil here is black and fat, the grass here is lush, and the trees here are slender.
Between the Bohai Sea and Mount Tai is Qingzhou:
..... The tributes here are salt and fine kudzu cloth, and there are many kinds of seafood. There are silk, hemp, tin, pine and strange stones in Taishan Valley. Grazing can be carried out in Lion area. The tribute here is tussah silk in a basket. Tribute ships from Wenshui to Jishui.
Between the Yellow Sea, Mount Tai and Huaihe River is Xuzhou:
..... Mengshan, Yushan area can be planted, Ozawa has stopped mining deep water, and Dongyuan has also been treated. The soil here is red, sticky and fat, and the vegetation keeps growing. [ 1 1]
In other words, Lai-Wild Wheat in Shandong Peninsula can raise livestock and solve the food problem. There are more silkworms here and the problem of clothes has been solved.
3. Phoenix bird worship
Before Shao Hao clan moved to Shandong Peninsula, it had already formed the totem worship of birds. After entering Shandong Peninsula, this place is located on the eastern coast, with many swamps, attracting thousands of migratory birds to live here every year, and the bird food is delicious.
Generally speaking, migratory birds are not small, one or two can wrap their stomachs, and they don't have the trouble of preserving food like large prey, so our ancestors naturally won't let go of such an ideal food source.
It turns out that many human totems were originally related to "food sources", such as birds, fish, snakes, cows, sheep, pigs, horses and bears. These things were originally the food sources of primitive people, and humans relied on them to get food and clothing. Therefore, Dongyi Group, headed by Shao Hao clan, worships bird totem more devoutly. One of them is even called "Bird Easy".
In the Tai Hao era of Fuxi Dynasty, the Tai Hao family not only worshipped the dragon totem, but also worshipped the wind totem. Tai Hao's own surname is "Feng". Because the ancients thought that wind energy bred everything. [12] So it is not surprising that the patriarch took the wind as his surname.
When Tai Hao clan and Shao Hao clan have cultural intersection, this wind totem worship is also absorbed by Shao Hao clan, and mysteriously combined with bird totem worship-forming phoenix bird worship.
Regarding the relationship between phoenix and wind, ancient people observed that birds would produce wind when they flew over. [13] Naturally, the phoenix bird is the king of all birds, and the wind is stronger when it passes by, so it is firmly believed that the phoenix lives in the wind cave [14].
In Oracle Bone Inscriptions's Shang Dynasty Oracle Bone Inscriptions, we often see that Phoenix is the wind in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. So when we come back, let's take a look at the Shao Hao family's description of their ancestor Di Zhiyuan, saying that this is "the perfect time for a phoenix and a bird".
What is the most likely scenario? No one has seen the phoenix bird. It is estimated that there is a sudden gale in founding ceremony. This situation, which was regarded as ominous by later generations, was a good omen for the Shao Hao family.
When the Shennong Dynasty rose, the Shao Hao family quickly learned to farm. [15] From fishing and hunting society to farming society, the importance of calendar in daily life has been greatly improved.
They gave birth to a strange "bird calendar" because of bird totem worship-
What is the specific practice? Carve it into the shape of a dove with jade and decorate it on a watch. The watch is the benchmark. When the wind blows, observe the size and direction of the wind and determine the time when migratory birds appear. [ 16]
This is a natural phenological calendar, which determines the seasons by observing the comings and goings and chirping of various migratory birds, so as to arrange production and living activities such as sowing and harvesting. [17] So, in fact, in addition to the original phoenix bird worship, bird worship also derived from mysterious bird worship.
The bird is a swallow. Swallows are migratory birds. Their habit is to go to Qiu Lai in spring and go back and forth in an orderly way, so they are called signs of phenology and seasonality. [18] Its importance is self-evident. Therefore, the two most famous descendants of Shao Hao clan, the ancestor of Shang Dynasty, the ancestor of Qin Dynasty and the ancestor of Zhao Dynasty, are all considered to be born from the egg of a mysterious bird, not according to the self-myth of later generations. [19] Qin won. Win, it's a swallow.
In addition, the combination of bird totem worship and sun god worship has formed black worship, that is, crow worship. Crow is an ominous bird in modern times, but it is very sacred in the ancient Shao Hao family. Because they think that without crows, the sun will not run.
"Shan Hai Jing" is recorded like this-
In the middle of the great famine, there was a mountain called Niyaoqi.
There is a hibiscus tree on the mountain, 300 miles high, and its leaves are shaped like mustard leaves.
There is a valley called Wenyuan Valley. There is also a hibiscus tree growing above Tanggu. One Sun Gang went back to Tanggu, and the other Sun Gang came out from under the hibiscus tree, all of which were placed on the back of Sanzu House. [20]
In other words, the sunrise and sunset every day depend on the crow's work. This crow worship was very popular in the Warring States Period. The famous poet Qu Yuan raised a question in the Songs of the South.
How does the sharpshooter Hou Yi shoot the sun? And how did the crow's feathers disappear [2 1]
This influence continued until the Han Dynasty, when the philosopher Wang Chong wrote in his Theory of Balance-
In the sun, there lived three ancestors and five. [22]
Modern scholars even think that China discovered sunspots in ancient times, which is a bit far-fetched. )
However, the power of totem worship lies in the injection of human will.
For example, the dragon of Huaxia Group looks so ethereal. Theoretically, it originated from the worship of snake totem, and eventually it combined with many animals and evolved into an omnipotent dragon.
So is the clan in Shao Hao. Birds with real images, such as blackbirds and crows, cannot compete with the combination of various bird characteristics to become a phoenix.
All religions are like this.
All arts are like this.
4, the wisdom of compromise
Jade pig dragon belongs to Longshan culture, with a pig head on the front, showing fangs and a dragon-shaped trunk. It shows that the clan chief who believes in pig totem has the highest status among the clans who believe in dragon totem, and is the apocalypse and high priest.
The jade carving in Lingjiatan has two circles on the chest and abdomen, and an octagonal star pattern is engraved between the two circles. The eagle looked sideways, spread its wings and flew in colors.
Birds are the totems of Dongyi people, and the wings of the jade eagle spread into the shape of a pig's head, in order to let the eagle, the king of birds, fly into the sky and bring sacrifices to the sun god, reflecting the primitive world outlook and piety of Lingjiatan ancestors.
The double phoenix morning tooth carving in Hemudu culture shows how the sun totem worship and phoenix bird worship of Dongyi nationality are perfectly combined.
At this time, Zhuolu in the north has not recovered from the earthquake for many years. Shao Hao ruled by Qingyang was far away from Zhuolu, the power center of the Yellow Emperor Dynasty. His father's death may make him feel sad and sad, but he doesn't seem to have a particularly heavy desire for power, and he is detached when he comes.
When his father Huangdi ordered him to go there, he went. In the shadow of my father's great achievements, everyone is so small. Now that his father is gone, it may be a relief for him. He got along well with the chieftain of Dongyi, and all tribes recognized him as the leader of Shao Hao.
At first, Dongyi Group may have been intimidated by his father Huangdi. Many years later, under his lenient governance, Dongyi Group recognized the leader who came by plane. What about Qingyang? When in Rome, do as the Romans do, and live a happy life here, more like Dongyi people than Dongyi people.
Maybe he tried to be as successful as his father and become the boss of Huaxia Group and Dongyi Group, but he didn't succeed. Maybe he didn't work hard at all, he just wanted to generalize, and he was satisfied as a hegemon.
So later historians were less confident of his position when they talked about ancient times. At least during the Warring States period, he couldn't even make the list of five emperors. Because no matter how you look at it, he has not been recognized by Huaxia Group and Dongyi Group, nor has he been awarded the title of * * * Lord.
China's history books, of course, handled such characters quite well, giving him a four-word evaluation-
Bo is not the king.
And he has a similar evaluation and we will talk about in the following * * * Gong Shi, * * * Gong Shi although at the head of the vast territory, in a certain period of time and the Yellow Emperor dynasty, but has not been able to get the name of * * * Lord.
However, * * * Gong's family was not as soft as Qingyang, but strongly expressed their political wishes. Without realizing his ambition, he set out resolutely and became the biggest challenge during the reign of Zhuan Xu, the third monarch of the Yellow Emperor Dynasty. [23]
Humorously, in the Han Dynasty, due to the prevalence of the Five Virtues Theory, Shao Hao's position was greatly improved in the reform movement of Yin and Yang Theory led by Confucianism, because he met the political needs. So many historians in modern times even wrote a book to reposition Qingyang, Shao Hao. [24]
The end of another topic also means the beginning of the next topic:
How mysterious is Zhuan Xu's family background and sphere of influence under his rule?
[1] "The Yellow Emperor has twenty-five sons, and fourteen of them have twelve surnames: Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Zhen, Ren, Xun, Nuo and Yi"-the country is in danger today.
In addition, according to Shan Hai Jing, there are two descendants of the Yellow Emperor, both of whom belong to nomadic people.
Huang Di gave birth to Miao Long, and Miao Long gave birth to me, which made me happy and made me a white dog. There are groups of white dogs, for the sake of dogs. -"Shan Hai Jing Huang Da Bei Jing"
The grandson of the Yellow Emperor said that the beginning is the beginning, and the beginning is the birth of the Northern Emperor. -"Shan Hai Jing Ye Xi Jing".
This may be because China people are always bullied by nomadic people in later generations, and they have no choice but to make up some words to comfort themselves.
[2] It is said that Qingyang is the son of Women's Day. "Real name zhi, word Qingyang, surnamed ji. Mother's day. There was a big star like a rainbow in the Yellow Emperor, which was filthy and beautiful. Women's Day gave Xuantao a dream and gave birth to Shao Hao. Living in the river, there is a holy virtue, the city is in poor mulberry, and both are in Qufu, so it is called poor mulberry emperor, and the soil is Jincheng. Bai Di and Zhu Xuanzhe in the so-called "Imperial Capital Catalogue". Therefore, it is called, and his name is Kim. It collapsed after a hundred years in power. "-"The Age of the Emperor "
[3] The Yellow Emperor married Lei Zu, who gave birth to Changyi, Changyi fell into the water, and gave birth to Korean Wave; Bo Han married Naoko, named A Nv, and gave birth to Emperor Zhuan Xu. Zhuan Xu gave birth to badger heads, and badger heads gave birth to seedlings. -Mountains and Seas Pass through Huang Da and Peking. If this passage in Shan Hai Jing is true, the Korean wave generation is omitted from Historical Records.
[4] "The Yellow Emperor is immortal, and his ministers are left-handed. Cutting wood is the image of the Yellow Emperor, and the handsome minister worships it. " -"Bamboo Slips from Ji Jun's Tomb"
"When the Yellow Emperor died, ministers missed him, or carved wooden statues to face him, or buried him in clothes, or worshipped him at four o'clock when the temple was set up." -Zhang Hua's Natural History
[5] As for the Chronicle, the Classic of Mountains and Seas, I dare not talk about monsters "-Historical Records"
[6] There are different opinions about this book, and some experts even think that the region involves Europe, Africa, Oceania, America and other places today. This is a bit exaggerated.
[7] It is contained in the earth, between Liuhe, and within the four seas, according to the sun, the moon, the stars, and the four seasons. God is born, its things are different, or dead or alive, only saints can understand. -"Shan Hai Jing Overseas South Jing"
[8] Three hundred miles to the west is called the mountain of accumulated stones. There are stone gates below, the river flows westward, and it is also a mountain. Everything is different. 200 miles to the west, it is called Changliu Mountain, where its god Bai Di Shao Hao lives. Its beasts are at the end of the article, and its birds are at the beginning. This is a multi-faceted jade. The only official is the palace of the gods. It is also a god, and the main department is facing the scene. "-Shan Hai Jing? Shanjing
[9] Qing Hao Yixing said: "It is a god, a member of god, and the cover is Shao Hao."
[10] During the Precambrian period from 570 million to 680 million years ago, our earth experienced the first ice age. That glacier covered Australia, Europe, America and parts of Asia on a large scale;
4. 1 100 million to 470 million years ago, the earth suffered the second ice age. Glaciers cover Africa, South America, Europe and northern North America.
The tertiary ice age experienced by the earth was 230-320 million years ago, and the area covered by glaciers expanded to the whole southern hemisphere;
The famous Quaternary glacial period began 2.5 million years ago and continues to this day. We are now living in the Quaternary Ice Age. At the beginning of the Quaternary Glacier Period, glaciers covered the whole northern hemisphere.
[1 1] Economy and rivers are only in Yanzhou: nine rivers are all roads, and Leixia is all ze, and economy and gathering are in harmony. Sang Tugong is not only a silkworm, but also the hometown of sunset. Juetu black grave, Juecao only hole, Juemu only article. Juetu is only in the middle and lower levels, and Juefu Zhen has been here for ten years. Juegong lacquers silk, and Juezhi weaves. Floating in the economy, Luo, and Da Yu River.
Hai, Dai and Wei Qingzhou: Iraq is simple, Wei and Zi have their own way. Jue tu Bai fen, seaside widely denounced. Chueh-fu only can't get up and down. It is wrong to eat Jue Gong salt. Daiwa silk, pestle, lead, pine and strange stone. Le Yi is a shepherd. What a shame. Floating in the temperature, reaching the economy.
Shanghai, Dai and Huai are only Xuzhou: Huai, Yi, Meng, Yu, Ye, Zhu, Dongyuan and Ping. The earth is covered with red graves and the vegetation is gradually wrapped. Juetian is above average, and Juefu is above average. There are only five-color soil, summer feathers, solitary tung in Fuyang, floating green in Sibin, and Zhu and fish. This is a mystery. Floating in Huaihe River and Sihe River. -"Shangshu Gong Yu"
[12] "When the south wind grows, everything is happy, so it is called Kaifeng." -Li Er Ya Shi Tian
[13] "Fengxiang is the wind" and "Bird Classic"
[14] Tell the story in the article.
[15] This period is the end of Dawenkou culture and the rise of Longshan culture.
Dawenkou culture (4300 BC-2500 BC) is a typical patriarchal social culture in the late Neolithic period. A few such remains have also been found in the Taishan area as the center, from the coast of the Yellow Sea in the east, to the east of Luxi Plain in the west, to the south bank of Bohai Sea in the north and Huaibei in Jiangsu Province in the south, and in Anhui, Henan and other provinces. Because it was first discovered in Dawenkou, people named the cultural remains represented by Dawenkou site "Dawenkou Culture".
In the tombs of the late Dawenkou culture, there appeared the joint burial of husband and wife and the joint burial of husband and wife with their children, which marked the end of the matriarchal society in which Anemarrhena asphodeloides did not know his father, and began or had entered the patriarchal clan society.
Longshan culture generally refers to a cultural relic in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China in the late Neolithic period. The bronze culture, named after its discovery in Longshan Town, Zhangqiu, Shandong Province, is about 4350-3950 years ago. Distributed in Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. In Dawenkou culture, the fast-wheel pottery-making technology was widely used in this period. The polished black pottery is more in quantity and better in quality. It is made by firing vessels as thin as eggshells and its surface is as bright as paint, which is the peak period in the history of pottery making in China.
Through the study of ancient bone DNA 4500 years ago, it is confirmed that the Y chromosome SNP haplotype of Longshan cultural residents is O3-M 122, which contains only O3 and O3e subtypes, and has no other types, which is completely consistent with the main part of modern Han nationality. In other words, the paternal ancestors of the main part of the Han nationality came from the ancient Central Plains, that is, Longshan people.
Looking at O3 alone, at least 60%-70% of the Han people in China come from Longshan culture. Today, the Han people in all parts of China, from the northeast to Guangdong, from Hakka in the southeast to Lanzhou in the northwest, have the same subject as the ancient Central Plains people for 5,000 years. Today's Han people are the direct descendants of the ancient Central Plains people, and the paternal O3 has always occupied an absolute dominant position among the Han people, which has not changed for 5000 years.
[16] "The carved jade is a pigeon, which is placed at the end of the table, saying that the pigeon is in harmony with the four seasons. Therefore, the Spring and Autumn Biography said that the' four knowledge' is also true, which is the same as today's wind. " -"gleaning"? Shao Hao "
[17] This kind of "bird calendar" can be traced back to the Yayoi period in Japan, and it is still popular today. As for the bluebird (pigeon), there are also many relics unearthed in the rope-writing era in Japan, and the relationship between them is obvious.
This "bird calendar" in Japan may have been transmitted from the sea by the ancient Shao Hao clan to Japan, which is separated only by a strip of water from the Shandong Peninsula.
[18] "Mid-spring moon, mysterious birds come ... Mid-Autumn full moon, mysterious birds return." -The Book of Rites. Monthly orders "
"Yanshe, whose nest is in Liangmen, leaves Chunshe and enters Qiushe, so it is called Yanshe." -"Guangya"
[19] "Mysterious bird of destiny, born with business",-The Book of Songs
Before the Qin Dynasty, Sun Yue, the descendant of Emperor Zhuan Xu, was a female teacher. Women weave, birds fall, women swallow and have children-Historical Records
[20] In the great famine, there was a mountain called "Evil Shake". There is a tree in the building, with a column of 300 miles and leaves like mustard. There is a valley called Wenyuan Valley. There is a wooden support on the soup valley, and it is Ukrainian from day to day.
[2 1] "What day is it? How can you solve your feathers? " -"Chu Ci". Tian Wen "
[22] "Three feet in the day." -"On the whole. Say one day. "
[23] Sacrifice: "* * * Nine realms of the public family." Although there is the virtue of water in words, there is no order between fire and wood. Knowing that the punishment is strong,
So, Bo is not the king. -"Hanshu Law Calendar"
[24] For example, Gu Jiegang's "China Ancient History Research Lectures" seriously discussed this issue. If readers have time, they might as well read it. This is a very interesting book.