Submucous electrocoagulation of inferior turbinate: this is the most commonly used surgical method for allergic rhinitis, and it can also treat nasal congestion caused by chronic hypertrophic rhinitis and the nasal septum is not bent. It uses high-frequency current to extend to the submucosa, generating heat to coagulate blood vessels, so that the upper mucosa loses blood and dies naturally, thus improving the courage of the nasal cavity and making it less prone to allergic phenomena when new healthy mucosa grows. This operation is quite simple and quick, and experienced doctors can complete it in 10 minutes. There should be no pain except for a slight discomfort when putting an anesthetic cotton ball into the nasal cavity at the beginning. It can be done in outpatient clinic, suitable for sick children (preferably over seven years old and must be able to cooperate with doctors). The effect is quite good, but the disadvantage is that it can't last. The continuous effect is good for half a year or more after operation 1 year. It should be noted that the mucosa will slowly fall off after the operation, so there is no need to panic when you blow your nose after the operation. This is a normal phenomenon, and you need to receive local treatment from a doctor regularly. In addition, due to considerable burns after the operation, the mucosa swelled, and You Ran appeared within 3 days after the operation. Therefore, the nasal congestion at this time is more serious than before the operation, and patients need not be nervous. It takes 3-4 weeks for the entire inferior turbinate mucosa to recover, and it will not affect work or study during the recovery process. Whether the operation is suitable or not should be suggested by an otolaryngologist.

Cryotherapy of inferior turbinate: place the cryoprobe on the surface of turbinate and cool it to -50℃. The effect is the same as the above-mentioned surgical method, which causes mucosal necrosis, so the indications and prevention are similar, so I won't repeat them here.

Radionuclide therapy of turbinate: In fact, it is the same as the above two surgical principles, using high temperature or ultra-low temperature to achieve the purpose of causing mucosal necrosis, except that the current or freezing probe is changed into a radionuclide probe.

Second, what is rhinoplasty?

It includes two steps: partial inferior turbinectomy and nasal septum correction (resection or plastic surgery). It is generally used to treat patients with curved nasal septum and chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. The effect on nasal congestion can last for decades, unlike electrocoagulation, which is only about 1 year. Mainly because the treatment of inferior turbinate is not only to remove the mucosa, but also to partially remove the nasal bone attached to the mucosa, so the effect is lasting. However, care should be taken. If it is excised too much, it may cause atrophic rhinitis. Similarly, local nasal treatment is needed after operation to remove the scab of the wound. It takes 4-5 weeks to recover. This operation is not suitable for young children, especially before 12 years old, so as not to affect the development of nasal bones.

3. What is functional endoscopic sinus surgery?

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Besides being used to diagnose various diseases of the nose, endoscopic sinus surgery has many therapeutic functions, the most common of which is used to treat sinusitis. The main cause of chronic sinusitis is obstruction of sinus opening. As long as it is solved, other problems will be solved. This delicate operation needs to be performed through an endoscope. With the development of endoscopic sinus surgery, not only sinusitis, such as pituitary adenoma, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, intraocular pressure reduction and other operations can also be performed through endoscopic sinus surgery. The main purpose of endoscopic sinus surgery is to keep the ostium unobstructed. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate all the reasons that affect the patency of sinus ostium. The implementation of endoscopic sinus surgery can be large or small, mainly depending on the patient's condition, the size of the lesion and the severity of sinus obstruction. Sometimes due to hypertrophy of nasal mucosa, the ostium of sinus is blocked. At this time, the doctor can remove the mucosa near the sinus ostium as much as possible and enlarge the sinus ostium. Some patients are born with bad nasal structure, and the nasal septum bends and pushes the middle turbinate to block the sinus ostium, and long-term nasal polyps abound. At this time, in addition to expanding the sinus ostium, we must correct these congenital abnormalities one by one and find ways to let air and sinus secretions in and out freely. The time and spirit spent are not the same as the former.

Don't think you can breathe a sigh of relief after the operation. In fact, the treatment of sinusitis can only be said to be half finished after surgery. Because of various reasons, such as wound infection, mucosal edema, scabbed wound healing, etc., sinus ostium may be blocked again or even recur. Therefore, the local treatment of nasal cavity after operation accounts for the other half of the focus on whether sinusitis can be eradicated. The local treatment of 1 ~ 2 months after operation is mainly to remove the scab generated from the wound surface. These scabs can lead to poor wound healing and mouth obstruction. Many patients don't listen to the doctor's advice and think that the operation is successful, so they don't return to the clinic. As a result, the ostium obstruction caused by scabbed skin is more serious and difficult than before operation. Not only the previous preoperative work was wasted, but also the preoperative problems were more difficult to deal with. During the period from 2 months to 1 year after operation, it is necessary to pay close attention to whether the ostium of sinus narrows again due to wound healing and contraction. If there is any problem, you should receive endoscopic examination and treatment at any time to avoid recurrence. Recurrent nasal polyps should also be taken out of the clinic at any time. Only careful and regular postoperative follow-up and local treatment can ensure the recurrence of sinusitis.