Planting techniques of potted pumpkin. Variety selection: The varieties suitable for potted pumpkin viewing are golden egg, silver egg, Wuzhishan, golden boy, jade girl, incense burner, white jade, golden apple, small wall clock, a little green, a little yellow, small pillow, crown and so on.
2, preparation of nutrient soil: selecting fertile pond mud or garden soil without melons and vegetables, fully drying, crushing into 65438±0cm mud blocks, and then adding 5 kilograms of decomposed peanut bran and 65,438 0.5 kilograms of straw mushroom mud per cubic meter; Or mix 6 parts of peat soil +3 parts of river sand+1 part of perlite, then add 1kg compound fertilizer per cubic meter to make nutrient soil, and put coarse particles on the bottom of the basin and put them into the basin to 3/4. Ornamental pumpkin is a climbing plant, with developed roots, which needs scaffolding cultivation. Generally choose flowerpots with a diameter of 40 cm ~ 60 cm and a height of 30 cm ~ 50 cm.
Third, timely sowing: ornamental pumpkins like cold and not high temperature, and the suitable growth temperature is 25℃. Sow in spring and autumn. Thick seed coat ornamental pumpkin. Soak seeds before sowing to accelerate germination. Methods: The pumpkin seeds were wrapped in clean gauze, soaked in warm water at 30℃ for 4-5 hours, then rubbed and picked up to accelerate germination. The temperature is low in early spring, so it needs to be put in an incubator at 30℃ to accelerate germination. Keep the gauze moist when accelerating germination. After 48 hours, sow when the buds grow to about 0.5cm. Before sowing, drench the nutrient soil with water, sow 3 ~ 4 grains in each pot, cover the soil about 1cm after sowing and drench with water. After 3 ~ 4 days, the seeds will be unearthed. Most ornamental pumpkins are mainly vines, and there are few lateral vines. Because melons are small, they are suitable for vertical (frame or wall) cultivation.
4. Planting in pots: ornamental pumpkins have developed roots, and flowerpots with a diameter of more than 20cm should be used to ensure sufficient nutrient area. When filling the pot, add a small amount of river sand to the bottom of the pot, then add a proper amount of sesame sauce residue as the base fertilizer, then fill a part of the culture soil, plant pumpkins, then fill the remaining soil, compact it and water it once. During the growing period, when the seedlings grow up, the pots should be changed appropriately. Generally, small, medium and large pots should be changed three times. Before changing the basin every time, let the soil dry thoroughly, and then pat the basin wall gently. After loosening, knock it out carefully. Don't move the original soil ball before changing the big basin, so as not to hurt the root. Other operations are the same as when filling pots.
5. Timely shaping: when the height of ornamental pumpkin is about 15cm, topping will make it branch, and when the branch is about 10cm, topping will be done again, generally 3-4 times, making it multi-branched, short and strong, forming a spherical plant with a height of 40-50 cm, which is more beautiful after fruit hanging. After the leaves are long and dense, they need to be picked, and the huge and yellow old leaves should be removed to facilitate ventilation, enhance illumination and make the leaves thinner and thicker. When picking leaves, it is found that long branches, too dense branches, dead branches, pests and diseases should also be cut off to make the plants beautiful.
Six, management measures:
1. temperature: ornamental pumpkins like temperature, and the optimum growth temperature is 15℃ ~ 35℃, and the optimum temperature is 25℃ ~ 28℃. In early spring, the low temperature should be moved indoors or covered with a film bag to avoid frostbite, and in summer and autumn, cool gauze should be used to block the high temperature.
2. Moisturizing: when watching the pumpkin seedling, spray water every 1 ~ 2 days to keep the soil moist. On sunny days during flowering and fruiting, the water transpiration is large, the water demand is high, and the water storage capacity of flowerpots is poor. Water should be sprayed 2 ~ 3 times a day.
3. Topdressing: Mastering? Thin and diligent application? The principle of. After thinning for 7 days, 0.3% ~ 0.5% compound fertilizer aqueous solution can be topdressing 1 time per week; In the flowering and fruiting period, a lot of fertilizer is needed. Combined with scarification, topdressing 10g compound fertilizer and 5g urea in each pot, and supplementing nutrient soil to the full pot to promote root development. After that, according to the growth, leaf color, fruit and other conditions of pumpkin, topdressing 1.3% ~ 0.5% compound fertilizer aqueous solution every 10 day, spraying foliar fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times is equal to 1000 times, so as to promote the growth and development of pumpkin and prolong the viewing period.
4. Plant arrangement: When the plant height of ornamental pumpkins is 25 cm ~ 30 cm, the vines should be led by scaffolding, which can use hedgerow bamboo or iron branches, and the height of scaffolding is 15m ~ 18m. In order to improve the ornamental effect and reduce nutrient consumption, all the lateral branches should be cut off, only the main vine should be kept, and the yellow leaves, diseased leaves and deformed fruits should be removed in time.
5. Auxiliary pollination: Artificial auxiliary pollination can promote pumpkin to set more fruits and have good results. The method is: every morning at 8 ~ 9, choose the male flowers that open that day, take off the corolla, and smear the stamen pollen on the stigma of the female flowers.
7. Harvest: If the miniature ornamental pumpkin is edible, it can be harvested about 65,438+00 days after flowering. If it is used as an ornamental ornament, it can be harvested 45 days after flowering when it begins to fiberize and harden. After harvesting, ornamental miniature pumpkins can be dried, waxed, colored and carved, which can become fashionable toys and beautification decorations at home.
Pumpkin planting method 1, sowing date:
Pumpkin has a wide sowing period, which varies with regions and varieties. The Yangtze River basin is usually from February to April. Early sowing is carried out in hotbeds or cold beds, and after the middle and late March, direct sowing can be carried out after germination.
2. Planting density: Planting density also varies with species and varieties. The vine types and varieties are planted with 4500 ~ 6750 plants per hm2, with row spacing 150 ~ 200cm and plant spacing of 80 ~ 100cm. Pumpkin grows stronger than bamboo shoots and zucchini, and the spacing between plants is slightly larger. Dwarf and fine-plant cluster varieties, with plant spacing of 50 ~ 60 cm and row spacing of 60 ~ 100 cm. In addition, the planting spacing of spring sowing should be larger, and autumn sowing should be smaller, depending on various cultivation conditions.
3. Factory management:
When the female flowers of the main vine set fruit, pick the core, choose 2-4 strong lateral vines, and set fruit with them. For varieties with high node position of female flowers on the main vine, the seeds can be picked when the main vine has 4-5 leaves or 6-7 real leaves to promote the occurrence of lateral vines, and 2-3 healthy and strong lateral vines can be selected for fruit setting. During the growth of lateral vines, attention should be paid to pressing the vines to make them evenly distributed and promote the occurrence of adventitious roots.
Early-maturing cultivation, early female flowers affected by low temperature, abnormal pollination, low fruit setting rate. Artificial pollination can improve fruit setting rate and promote early maturity and high yield. Artificial pollination is more effective in rainy season. During artificial pollination, at 6-8 am, the blooming male flowers are picked, the petals are removed, and the stamen-divided anthers are gently smeared on the stigma of the female flowers.
4, timely topping: when the pumpkin vine grows to 2 meters, pick the growth point on the main vine to make the main vine grow 3-4 branches, blossom and bear fruit. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. The growth of pumpkin needs large amount of water and fertilizer, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied when planting to ensure adequate supply of fertilizer and water during the growing period.
5. Scaffolding: When the branches are 2 meters long, the vines are led to the shelf, which can improve the light transmission and ventilation conditions, thus increasing the melon-sitting rate by more than 40%.
6. Prevent overgrowth: overgrowth of melon vines will lead to fewer melons. For example, cutting a crack 30 cm away from the vine root and plugging a piece of black carbon can inhibit overgrowth.
6. Auxiliary pollination: firstly, cover the female flowers that are pollinated quickly with melon leaves to prevent rainwater from invading. At 9 o'clock the next morning, pick the male flowers from different plants and cover them with the female flowers, and then pick them after 2-3 days.
7. Burying the stem in the later stage: When the pumpkin grows to the later stage, the yield can be increased by 20%-40% by using the adventitious roots on the vine nodes and burying the stem. The time of burying stems should be carried out after 2-3 batches of fruits and when some chlorosis leaves appear at the roots. Generally, 4-6 knots closest to the root should be buried, and the stem soil should be moist fertile soil mixed with a small amount of organic fertilizer. The soil depth should be about 15-25 cm.
8, fertilizer and water management:
20 ~ 30 days before pumpkin planting or direct seeding, subsoil the soil and apply sufficient base fertilizer in time. Generally, the fertilization amount per hm2 is decomposed animal manure 15000 ~ 22500 kg, calcium superphosphate 600 ~ 700 kg and ternary compound fertilizer 600 ~ 750 kg. After planting in the field, topdressing with quick-acting fertilizer 1 ~ 2 times as soon as possible, and then topdressing and raising flowers when female flowers appear one after another. After the first harvest, in order to promote the subsequent fruit growth, it is also feasible to apply nitrogen fertilizer at intervals, and urea is generally applied at about 100kg per hm2. At the early stage of growth, excessive nitrogen fertilizer made vines flourish, making it difficult to set fruit, and melon melting appeared. If the nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, the stems and leaves grow thin and the leaves turn yellow, it is difficult to form big melons. When the first melon seat is stable, it needs a lot of nutrition. Heavy fertilizer should be applied in time to promote fruit growth. If 1 ~ 2 batches of young melons are harvested, the old melons should be kept, and the young melons should be topdressing again after harvesting to promote the growth and development of subsequent fruits.
Pumpkins cultivated in the south have a lot of rain in the early stage, so they should be mainly drained, and generally have less rain in the later stage of growth. When there is drought, irrigation should be done in time to avoid excessive wilting and affect the normal growth of pumpkins.
9. Harvest:
Young melons can generally be harvested 7-9 days after female flowers are pollinated. Early-maturing cultivation, low temperature at the initial stage of fruit setting, takes about 2 weeks to harvest tender fruits. Mature old melons are usually harvested 30 ~ 45 days after flowering.
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