Polynipple malformation is the abnormal degeneration of nipples formed on the "mammary line" in embryonic period, which makes there are too many nipples on the mammary line, also known as accessory nipples or redundant nipples, which can occur in both men and women. The total incidence rate is about one in a thousand, and the ratio of male to female is 1:5, which often has a genetic history. The redundant nipple is most common at the lower inner side of the normal nipple 5-6.5 cm. At the redundant nipple, breast tissue is usually lacking. Generally speaking, the clinical significance of papillary polyposis is not significant, but when papillary polyposis is accompanied by redundant breast tissue, it may become malignant with age and should be surgically removed as soon as possible. Breast hypertrophy refers to the formation of breast tissue in other parts of the "milk line" outside the normal breast, and the redundant breast is also called accessory breast. This deformity is more common in armpit, one side or both sides, especially both sides, and occasionally in female genitals. The size of auxiliary breasts is large and small. During menstruation, pregnancy or lactation, accessory mammary glands can also be swollen, painful and even have lactation function. Paramammary fibroadenoma is often seen, as well as various common benign and malignant breast diseases. When the nipple is missing, it is more likely to become malignant. Astigmatism may represent an atavism. The accessory breast should be removed. Surgical indications * Accessory breast has obvious symptoms such as swelling and pain with menstrual cycle, and I request surgical treatment. * Auxiliary breasts appear in many places, which affects the beauty of the body. * accessory breast has the possibility of malignant tumor, such as accessory breast lump increasing rapidly, accompanied by peripheral lymph node enlargement, or breast cancer has been diagnosed. Surgical removal of nipple, areola and breast tissue. If the accessory breast has become cancerous, radical mastectomy is needed. Breast loss refers to the loss of breast and nipple tissue. If accompanied by pectoralis major muscle defect and short finger syndactyly, it is also called "Polands" syndrome. This syndrome is extremely rare because the development of upper limbs is blocked or differentiated in the third week of embryonic development. Treatment: Depending on the lack of tissue, autologous tissue transplantation, artificial breast prosthesis implantation or a combination of the two can be used to correct it. Breast asymmetry Breast asymmetry is quite common. Mild asymmetry is a normal phenomenon. However, obvious bilateral asymmetry, especially one breast is small and the other breast is large, is a rare congenital malformation. Treatment: When one side is a small breast and the other side is a normal breast, breast augmentation can be used to adjust both breasts to make them symmetrical. When one breast is large, breast augmentation and breast reduction plastic surgery should be combined to achieve the symmetry of the volume and shape of both breasts, or the flap pedicle of breast skin composite tissue should be transplanted to the larger side of the breast, which can not only reduce the big breast, but also increase the small breast. Precocious breast hypertrophy can be divided into true hypertrophy and false hypertrophy. True hypertrophy belongs to true precocious puberty and can be accompanied by ovarian ovulation and menstrual cycle. If breast hypertrophy affects daily life and work, it can be corrected by breast reduction plastic surgery. Pseudomastopathy is caused by tumors that can produce estrogen, usually bilateral, and can return to normal size after resection of the primary tumor. Macromastia is a congenital malformation, often with genetic history and unknown etiology. It may be that the hormone receptors of breast tissue cells are allergic and should be corrected by breast reduction plastic surgery. Small breasts on both sides may be breast dysplasia or real congenital abnormality. Breast augmentation can be used to correct it. Tubular breast malformation Tubular breast is a rare breast malformation, which is caused by over-development of breast tissue under areola in adolescence. It has different names according to the degree of deformity. Such as: cylindrical breast, tubular breast, cylindrical asymmetric breast, nipple areola protrusion, fornix nipple, nipple-like breast and two spy-like breasts. Its specific mechanism is still unclear. The characteristics of tubular breast malformation are as follows: * The breast shape is cylindrical (tubular) rather than conical; * The girth of the basal part of the breast is narrowed, and the position of the inframammary fold is higher than normal; * The areola is large and prominent; * There is a second breast fold. According to its deformity characteristics, the correction of cylindrical breast deformity mainly includes silicon capsule breast prosthesis implantation to correct the shortage of lower polar tissue of breast, vertical incision under areola to correct too many lower breast folds and Z-shaped plastic surgery, but both of them leave a big scar on the breast surface and have poor cosmetic effect; For those with sufficient breast tissue, it is a better method to choose columnar breast correction with areola incision. This method can fully peel off the breast base through the areola incision, reset the displaced breast tissue, restore the normal anatomical position of the breast, and hide the incision around the areola. The postoperative effect is satisfactory. (Internship Editor: She) Is the most popular sex memo for couples boring? Eight benefits of sex: healthy and sexy sex, sex, broken penis, frequency of sex every week, girls' crazy masturbation causing serious consequences. How should a husband take care of his wife's sex organs and do penis extension surgery? Will JJ really become longer? Tips! See how men in different countries improve their sexual desire.