Wang Tian system? The purpose of implementation is to curb the increasingly serious land merger problem since the Western Han Dynasty. At that time, Wang Mang believed that the problem of land merger was so serious because land was allowed to be legally bought and sold. Therefore, he believes that to fundamentally solve the problem of land annexation, we must first turn state-owned land into state-owned land, and then private land sales are not allowed. Only in this way can farmers be forced to give up their land and the problem of landlords and tyrants buying and selling land unscrupulously can be solved.
Wang Mang hopes to achieve this goal with this policy? Does the country boast of the wealth of the people? In the dream, does he hope that his new dynasty can reproduce the kind mentioned in the Book of Rites? Land of Yao and Shun? The grand occasion? An old friend is not only a relative, but also an only child. In this way, the old man has an end, little use and little strength, and those who are sorry, widowed, lonely, widowed and disabled are supported. Men will get points and women will get rewards. .
Now for what? Wang Tian system? The degree and effect of implementation are not clearly recorded in the history books, so it is difficult to get into it. But? Wang Tian system? As we all know, the final result ended in failure. In 1 1, with the promulgation of Wang Mang? All the food kings and private individuals have to sell buy buy, but why not catch it? Letters? Wang Tian system? Officially declared defeat.
So many people don't understand why a policy that seems so beneficial to people all over the world will fail in less than three years. What is the reason for its failure? In fact, I personally think there are several reasons:
First, the most basic condition for land grant is land. ? Wang Tian system? What is the core of? Statistical dictation field? Population determines how many fields each family owns. If a family has eight men, then 900 acres of land will be given to him. But in this new dynasty where Wang Mang lived, it was obviously impossible for him to complete such a large-scale project? Tian Jun? Action, because he lacks the most basic conditions for such action, that is, the court should have a sufficient number of public areas to share equally.
As Xun Yue, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, said? The system of Laogong mine field is not suitable for many people, and the mine field is vast and sparsely populated. ? Does it mean to realize what it did in the pre-Qin era? Well site system? Unless the land is vast and sparsely populated, it is impossible to achieve it.
In fact, the only way that Xun Yue said was in feudal times? Mass riots? . As The Story of Sleeping in School says? Enemy at the Gates has few farmers and vast land? Only if the war continues, there will be fewer people and more land. During the Cao Wei period of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Caozhi was able to successfully carry out reclamation, largely because? After the chaos, the people dispersed, and the property was ownerless. Are they all public fields? .
But obviously, Wang Mang's new dynasty could not meet this condition. First of all, there was no large-scale peasant uprising in the late Western Han Dynasty. In the process of Wang Mang inheriting the Western Han Dynasty, it was not by mutiny, but by? Make way? . To put it bluntly, Wang Mang's throne was peacefully inherited from an obedient baby. At that time, in a sense, the new dynasty was the Western Han Dynasty, but the emperor was changed from Liu. In other words, the new dynasty inherited not only the territory of the Western Han Dynasty and its sovereignty over the world, but also various problems existing in the late Western Han Dynasty.
As we all know, land annexation was very serious in the late Western Han Dynasty. How many times did the king invade the people's fields, and the bad guys thought it was fields? 、? Invade elite people and occupy farmland? 、? Seize the people's farmland and make mistakes? The problem of powerful people occupying private land was very common in the late Western Han Dynasty. And not only the people's private land was almost entirely occupied by landlords, but also the Western Han Dynasty? Gongtian? The number also dropped sharply, at that time? Gongtian? Or be rewarded minions, for example, Emperor Ai of Han once rewarded minions Dong Xian with more than 2,000 hectares of commons (Hanshu? Wang Jiachuan? The imperial edict was abolished and more than 2,000 hectares were given to sages? ); Or occupied by the landlord strongmen, such as the emperor uncle HongYangHou wang li once occupied hundreds of hectares of commons (hanshu? Sun Baochuan? Is it because of Li Shangzhan, the satrap of Nanjun County that my uncle Hongyang Hou Li made a guest appearance in a few hundred hectares of grass fields? )。
What happened at the end of the Western Han Dynasty? Adults have hundreds of rooms, all over the floor, thousands of handmaiden and thousands of people. ("Chang Yan? At this time, nearly two-thirds of the country's land was occupied by landlords and tyrants, but was it really in the hands of the Western Han court? Gongtian? There's not much left. Then think about it, a new dynasty that completely inherited the Western Han Dynasty. What can it hold? Gongtian? How much is left? So, where did follwed get so much land at this time? Statistical dictation field? And then what?
Second, act too hastily. As mentioned above, was it implemented by Wang Mang at that time? Wang Tian system? The first problem encountered is that there is not enough public land. So in order to get enough public land in the shortest time, Wang Mang decided to pass? What are surplus and shortage? How to achieve it? Wang Tian system? That is, stipulate the amount of land that each household can own, and then directly give the surplus to other people with insufficient land.
But this approach is obviously a bit too hasty. Why? Think about it, who owns the most land in the new dynasty and who is most likely to own redundant land. There is no doubt that the answer is the landlords who support Wang Mang as emperor. Do you think it is feasible for Wang Mang to snatch the land from them? Not like Sima Lang said, of course? It is better to recover the minefield, but it is difficult to win it from the people. ? Therefore, if Wang Mang wants to seize the territory from them, it is undoubtedly a tiger's mouth.
Of course, this method does not mean that it cannot be done. If follwed is able to work step by step after the imperial power is stable and the world is stable, how can he use it? Boil frogs in warm water? Shangfa took away the land they occupied from these landlords bit by bit, and then what? Wang Tian system? There are many things to do.
Unfortunately, follwed is really worried, in order to let? Wang Tian system? In order to effectively spread the country in the shortest time and eliminate the resistance of landlords and tyrants, Wang Mang directly used it? Those who dare to have a sacred system of mining fields and can't confuse people will vote for four generations. ? Forcing them to hand over their land. Does this law mean dare to disobey it? Wang Tian system? System, direct exile to remote areas, direct confiscation of property.
What did Wang Mang get in return under such a high-handed law? There are also sitting, selling and buying farmhouses and handmaiden to make money. As for ordinary people, there are countless people who make amends. Although Wang Mang got the desired result in general, a few landlords and gentry were forced to hand over their surplus land at that time. But the result of this law is more of a new dynasty or follwed? Wang Tian system? Make people panic, but also the world chaos, the so-called? Is the world sudden? .
At this time, some landlords who were unwilling to be at the mercy of Wang Mang began to raise the banner of rebellion. First of all? Xu Houxiang and Liu Kuai set up a party, and thousands of people began to fight in his country? , again? Is it true that Liu Du is waiting to dispatch troops? . That is to say, although Wang Mang got a small amount of land by this method, it was more that this method made the world shudder. Finally forced Wang Mang to write a letter at 1 1? All the food kings and private individuals have to sell buy buy, but why not catch it? Abolish the Jin Lan system.
Third, there is a lack of a sound system. I just said, follwed is a treat? Wang Tian system? In fact, it was too hasty, and it was precisely because of his haste that it was caused? Wang Tian system? In the case of imperfection, the system began to be implemented throughout the country. In fact, according to the normal situation, Wang Mang should try it out in some areas first, then improve it according to the feedback of the trial, and then decide according to the effect? Wang Tian system? Whether it is really suitable for the whole country. But in fact, follwed didn't do it. He promoted it directly across the country without any trial, and that became it? Wang Tian system? The main reason for the failure.
We all know? Wang Tian system? The core is to distribute land equally according to population, but in this process, Wang Mang did not strictly stipulate the number of men. Like what? A person's mouth is not full of eight, but there is a well in a field? The meaning of this law is that as long as a family has no more than eight men, it can legally own no more than 900 acres of land.
In this law, Wang Mang only stipulated the upper limit of the following number of men, but did not stipulate the lower limit of the following number of men. That is to say, it doesn't matter how many people there are in your family, seven, five or 1. As long as there are no more than 8 people, you can legally own no more than 900 acres of land.
Such regulations actually give landlords and tyrants a room to operate. At that time, they often divided the family into several parts, that is, into several small families, and then divided the land that exceeded the prescribed share into these temporarily divided small families, so that these illegally owned land could be turned into legal ownership instantly. Because although these lands belong to their small families, in fact, they belong to themselves, whether in the right to use or ownership.
It can be said that the landlord strongmen at that time used this loophole to escape? Wang Tian system? what's up Divide it equally? Yes, legally own your land. Think about it, is there such a loophole? Wang Tian system? How do you think it can be achieved? After all, at this time, the land in the hands of landlords and tyrants became legal by taking advantage of this loophole. Where can Wang Mang get the land?
In addition, what is follwed implementing? Wang Tian system? In the process, he also ignored one of the most important questions, that is, what did he say? A family of eight men can receive 900 acres of land? This goal is impossible to achieve. According to relevant statistics, during the New Dynasty, the number of households was about 1233062, and the land area was about 8270506 hectares. That is to say, even if Wang Mang nationalized all the land in the country, each household can only get about 68 mu of land at most, not 900 mu at all.
Moreover, most of these lands are middle and lower classes, and fertile land is only a few. In other words, if we really want to ensure absolute fairness, in the process of distribution, if anyone is assigned to the middle and lower classes of land, we must double it to him, because the yield of the middle and lower classes of land is far less than that of fertile land. And if this is divided, each family may not even have 10 mu, so farmers can't get it alone? Wang Tian system? Judging from the stipulated amount of land, what is the Wang Tian system? It is doomed to failure from the beginning, because it is impossible to achieve.
Fourth, there is a lack of honest and upright officials. So-called? Invincible, God suggested? The success of the reform actions in past dynasties depends not only on whether the policies and measures implemented are correct, but also on the officials who implement the policies. If these officials are honest, then the reform action cannot guarantee 100% success, but the chances of success will greatly increase; But if these officials are corrupt officials, then it is basically certain that the reform action will definitely fall into? Bankruptcy
In fact, Wang Mang chose to carry it out? Wang Tian system? Most officials are corrupt officials. Not only did they not seriously implement Wang Mang's reform measures, but they also took advantage of these measures promoted by Wang Mang? Invade the king? , profiteering from it. At this time? Is the official life a traitor? Problems are common problems of the new dynasty, and these are all sent by Wang Mang to promote everywhere? Wang Tian system? Officials have? Everyone has their own rights, and they are afraid to be good to the people. If they seal the people's necks, those who get the money will leave. ? If farmers do nothing, they will end up in prison. This eventually led to a new dynasty? Traitors bully and invade the people, and everyone is uneasy. 、? People can't plow mulberry when they wave their hands and touch the ban? Situation.
So it is precisely because of these corrupt officials that they get in the way. Wang Tian system? Not only was it resisted by the landlords, but even the peasants at the bottom were very disgusted. And if a policy is opposed by the bottom people, there is obviously no chance of success.
In fact, what if Wang Mang could better choose officials to execute the death penalty? Know the wisdom of others? If so,? Wang Tian system? It won't expire so soon. Because if he can choose some honest officials, then in the process of implementation, some of the problems mentioned above will never happen again. For example, landlords and strongmen take advantage of the loopholes in the large number of men to legally own the land. In fact, this loophole is obvious and easy to correct, but because there is no official report on this problem to Wang Mang, this loophole has always been used by landlords and tyrants.
It can be said that it is precisely because of the above reasons that it was finally popularized. Wang Tian system? It was declared a failure in less than three years. Are you sure? Wang Tian system? Although it failed, we can't deny its existence value. Actually, Wang Mang is promoting it? Wang Tian system? The policies implemented at that time, such as state ownership of land, prohibition of buying and selling, planned domination of land and equality between officials and people, were followed by later generations to varying degrees, such as? Waiting field system? I have gained rich experience from it. So from this perspective, what is follwed promoting? Wang Tian system? It is absolutely epoch-making.