The peach planting area in Mengyin County is 650,000 mu, with a yield of 950 million kg and an output value of 2.8 billion yuan. 80% of the county's hilly areas grow peaches, 80% of fruit farmers' income comes from peaches, and 70% of villages specialize in producing peaches, with a per capita fruit income of 5,500 yuan. Peaches are on the market from early spring to early winter, and the fruits are sold to most parts of China. Peaches account for 60% of the southern market. Mengyin Peach was rated as "China Famous Fruit" and "National Geographical Indication Product of Agricultural Products". Mengyin County has become "the base county of high-quality peaches in China" and is known as "the peach capital of China".
territorial scope
Mengyin County is a pure mountainous area with an average elevation of 3 15.8 meters. The annual sunshine hours are 2257 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 52%. The annual total radiation is 1 15.8 kcal /cm2, and the early-maturing varieties are mainly sold to Beijing, Tianjin and Northeast China. The middle and late maturing varieties are mainly sold to Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong and other places.
Specific mass
There are many varieties of peaches produced in Mengyin, which are named after "bright color, delicate flesh, sweet juice like honey and great taste".
Cultural allusions
After the founding of New China, Mengyin peach experienced three important development periods, among which 1995-2007 was a period of rapid development in a large area, and the cultivated area increased from10000 mu to 500,000 mu in 2007, of which 1995-2007. It is estimated that in 20 10, the total peach production in this county will exceed 10 billion kg. It is a veritable "Peach Capital of China".
territorial scope
The regional protection scope of Mengyin peach is Mengyin County, Shandong Province. Geographical coordinates are: east longitude11715'-17 45', north latitude 35 27'-36 02', north-south length 64.9_, east-west width 45,8 _. Output value 1.3 trillion yuan, mainly involving Mengyin County, Liancheng, Luchang, Du Gao, Yedian, Daigu, Tanbu, Jiuzhai, Xu Tao, jiepai, Duozhuang and other towns, and 464 administrative villages.
Natural ecological environment and human and historical factors
(1) Soil landform: Mengyin County is mainly mountainous and hilly, accounting for 94% of the total area. The southern part belongs to the middle hills of Mengshan, the middle part belongs to the Yimeng valley plain, and the northern part belongs to the Yimeng low hills. The soil in the main producing areas is mainly brown soil. Organic matter content 1.0% or more, hydrolyzed nitrogen 75mg/kg, available phosphorus 22mg/kg, available potassium 60mg/kg or more, and pH value around 6. Deep soil layer, loose soil, strong water and fertilizer conservation ability, suitable for fruit tree growth.
(2) Hydrological conditions: the water conservancy conditions in the area are complete, the underground water source is sufficient, the irrigation and drainage facilities of farmland are complete, the water quality is clear and pollution-free, and it can be irrigated in drought and drained in flood.
(3) Climate: The area belongs to warm temperate monsoon climate, characterized by mild climate, distinct four seasons, cold winter with little rain and snow, dry and windy spring, hot and rainy summer, and large temperature difference in autumn, which is beneficial to the growth and development of fruit trees.
Illumination: The area is rich in light resources, with long sunshine time and sufficient light, which is beneficial to crop photosynthesis.
The average annual sunshine hours are 2482.9 hours, accounting for 56% of the annual sunshine hours.
Temperature: the annual accumulated temperature is 4855.5℃, the average temperature is 12.8℃, the highest temperature in July is 32. 1℃, and the lowest temperature in October is -3.2℃. The frost-free period is about 2 10 days, and the natural farming time is about 290 days. It is cool at night and the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is beneficial to the nutrient accumulation of fruit trees.
Water: the average precipitation is 600- 1000 mm. Most of them are concentrated in July and August.
(4) Human history: Mengyin peach has been cultivated for more than 2000 years. According to Yizhou Annals in the Thirty-sixth Year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1608), peach was listed as the first fruit genus. In the 11th year of Kangxi (1672), peaches were listed as one of the important products in Mengyin County Records. Peach tree resources in Yimeng Mountain area are very rich. The peach tree market in Mengyin, which was founded in the Tang Dynasty, and Yingxian Bridge in Mengyin in the Ming Dynasty all have stone carvings of longevity peaches, all of which reflect the cultivation history of peach trees. The high quality, high yield and durability of Mengyin peach are related to its long history.
After the founding of New China, Mengyin Peach experienced three development periods. The first period was from the founding of New China to the mid-1980s. In the slow development period, the main varieties are April 30, Meihong, Shanghai honey and so on. Cold dew peach was introduced into Mengyin County, and formed a scale in Daigu and Jiuzhai, becoming the original variety of peach in Mengyin County. The second period is from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s, which is a period of rapid development. The area has increased from 67 hectares in 1980 to 1900 hectares. The third period is from the end of 1990s to the present, which is a period of rapid development in a large area. Mengyin County became the largest peach-producing county in Linyi from 65438 to 0995. By 2003, the area increased by 570.3% and the output increased by 425.6%. It covers an area of 33,000 hectares, with a yield of 840 million kilograms, ranking first among peach-producing counties in China.
In 2002, Mengyin County Party Committee and government actively established 300,000 mu of pollution-free fruit production base in the county, including peach area 1.5 million mu. June 2004 +2004 10 successfully passed the acceptance of pollution-free fruit production base in our county organized by the Ministry of Agriculture, and our county was identified as the national pollution-free agricultural product (fruit) production demonstration base county, and the quality and benefit of Mengyin peaches were further improved. "Mengyin", "Six Sisters of Yimeng" and "Mengyuan" peaches sell well in fruit markets all over the country, and brands such as "Mengyin" and "Six Sisters of Yimeng" have passed the certification of pollution-free agricultural products.
Production technical requirements
(1) Origin selection and special content regulation: Mengyin peaches are produced by dry energy irrigation and waterlogging drainage. Soil and irrigation water are pollution-free, far away from factories and mines, and the environmental quality meets the national hygiene standards.
(2) Variety selection and specific requirements: There are more than 100 peach varieties cultivated in Mengyin, forming large-scale production.
There are nearly 30 varieties, and the representative varieties are as follows: the early and middle maturity varieties are mainly Shazaosheng, Zaobaifengbao, Zaojiubao, Cangfang Zaosheng and Xinchuanzhongdao; Zhao Hui, Qiufeng rice and Laishan rice are the main middle-maturing varieties. The late-maturing varieties are mainly Hanlumi, Beijing No.9 and Zhonghua Shoutao. Peaches account for more than 95% of the total output. With the establishment and development of processing industry, the planting scale of processing yellow peach varieties has gradually expanded.
(3) Production process management, including agricultural inputs and production management.
Soil management: deep ploughing in winter makes the living soil layer more than 60 cm, weeding frequently in summer to keep the soil loose; Planting, covering and burying grass in orchard can improve soil structure, increase organic matter content and improve fertility.
Scientific fertilization: organic fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and 2 kg fertilizer is applied 1 kg fruit. Topdressing is divided into three times, before germination, during fruit expansion and one month before harvest, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer, and the dosage per mu is 15 kg. Nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and chloride fertilizer are prohibited.
Timely irrigation and timely drainage: the irrigation time is determined according to the season and soil moisture, and irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture before germination, after flowering and during hard core period. Early winter should be watered with frozen water, and late-maturing varieties should use as little water as possible before harvesting to prevent fruit cracking. Peach tree roots are afraid of waterlogging, so pay attention to timely drainage in rainy season.
Reasonable pruning: most trees are natural, delayed and Y-shaped. Pruning in winter is mainly based on thinning branches and long planting, with proper internal shrinkage and short cutting to rejuvenate the trees, and thinning branches and dense branches and long branches in summer to improve ventilation, light transmission and fruit coloring.
Flower and fruit management: artificial pollination is carried out at flowering stage, and varieties with low fruit setting rate, such as Cangfang Zaosheng, Zaokubao and Zhongchuan Island, are artificially pollinated to improve the fruit setting rate. Before flowering, the flower buds are sparse, the fruit is thin two weeks after flowering, and the fruit is set after physiological fruit drop. The spacing between big fruits is 15-20 cm, and the spacing between small fruits is about 15 cm. All middle and late maturing varieties are bagged, from late May to mid-June, and bagged about 20 days before harvesting.
Integrated pest control: adopt manual, physical and biological measures to control pests, reduce the use of chemical pesticides and fully protect natural enemies. It is forbidden to use pesticides with high toxicity and high residue, promote the use of pesticides with low toxicity and low residue or biological pesticides, and control the spraying times about 5 times in the growing season.
Timely harvesting, classified packaging and fresh-keeping transportation: timely harvesting according to the characteristics of varieties, classified packaging or cold storage and pre-cooling. Packaging materials shall be clean, non-toxic and tasteless, and the varieties, places of origin, trademarks and pollution-free agricultural products shall be marked before export.
Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations
(1) External sensory characteristics:
Freshness: fresh and clean, with no abnormal moisture outside.
Fruit shape: It has the basic characteristics of this variety.
Color: it has the inherent color of this variety when it is mature, and the coloring degree reaches more than 25% of the coloring area of this variety.
Flavor: it has the unique flavor of this variety and has no abnormal smell.
Fruit surface defects: the total area of mechanical injuries such as hail injury and abrasion injury shall not exceed 2CM2.
Rot: none
Browning of pulp: none
Uniformity: the difference of fruit weight shall not exceed 5% of the average fruit weight.
(2) Internal quality indicators:
Mengyin peach is rich in various nutrients, and the soluble solid content is 10.2- 17.5%. According to the test, every100g of peach fruit contains 9 9- 10/0g of sugar, 0.45g of organic acid, 0.8g of protein, 0. 1 g of fat, 39.9mg of phosphorus, 0/57.5mg of potassium/kloc-0, 6.6mg of calcium and 0.8mg of magnesium/kloc.
(3) Safety requirements:
Mengyin peach must meet the health index of "pollution-free food peach" of the Ministry of Agriculture (see the table below for details). Under any of the circumstances stipulated in Article 33 of the Law on Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, it shall not be put on the market for sale.
Packaging identification and other relevant regulations.
Immediately after picking, peaches are selected and graded according to the quality conditions stipulated in the standard, and packaged and accepted. After the registration and protection of geographical indications of agricultural products, the words "Mengyin Peach" geographical indications of agricultural products must be marked.