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The flower is white, with a huge ovary below. It is about 30 cm long, so it is also called Lady Enforcers. Calyx tubular, about 3 cm wide, with green (sometimes lavender) lobes; With scales 3-8 cm long; Petals are wide, pure white, erect, oblanceolate and entire. Stamens are numerous and slender, up to 700-960, as long as or short as the style. Anthers are milky yellow and filaments are white; Style thick, 0.7-0.8 cm, milky yellow; There are as many as 24 pistil stigma lobes.
The fruit is oblong or ovoid, the peel is red, fleshy, with oval sharp scales at the top, long10-12cm, thick and waxy. The pulp is white or red. There are nearly ten thousand sesame seeds with fragrance, so it is called sesame fruit. ? [ 1]?
Pitaya is named because it looks like an angry red fireball. The pulp inside is like sweet cream, but it is covered with small black seeds. Mild texture and fragrant taste.
Pitaya is a tropical and subtropical fruit, which likes light, shade, heat, drought, fat and barren. It grows rapidly in a warm, humid and sunny environment. When cultivating in the open field in spring and summer, water more to keep the root system growing vigorously. Drainage should be carried out in time in rainy weather to avoid stem rot caused by infection with germs. Its stems can also grow on rocks, and this plant is very wind-resistant. As long as the support is firm, it can resist typhoon.
Pitaya can tolerate low temperature of 0℃ and high temperature of 40℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 25-35℃. Pitaya can adapt to a variety of soils, but neutral soil and weak acid soil with high humus content and water and fertilizer conservation are the best.
The most suitable cutting time is spring. Cuttings were selected from well-grown stems and cut into small pieces with a length of 375px. After the wound is air-dried, it is inserted into the sand bed or cut directly under the support frame and on the side of the cement column. There is no need to water after cutting to keep the soil dry. /kloc-start watering after 0/0. 15-30 days can take root, and the seedbed can be transplanted when the root length is 3- 100px. ? [3]?
transplant
Except ...
(4) Before the grafted seedlings germinate in early spring, the upper rootstock should be cut off at 65438±0cm above the grafted seedlings. Alternatively, the upper rootstock can be cut off at 1 time, that is, a living pile with a length of about 15-20 cm is left above the grafted bud as a support for binding the new shoots, and all the new shoots are cut off after lignification, but the rootstock is cut off at the second time.
grafted seedling
(1) The grafting operation is faster. The longer Daoxiao Noodles is exposed to the air, the easier Daoxiao Noodles will be oxidized and discolored, which will affect meristem division and the lower the survival rate.
(2) The joint between the rootstock and the ear should be tied tightly, so that the rootstock is closely connected with the cambium of the ear to promote survival.
(3) Keeping a certain temperature at the joint after transplantation is one of the keys to form healing tissue.
In addition, intertillage weeding, fertilization, irrigation and pest control should be carried out in time.
Red bean is an annual erect or twining herb. The height is 30-90 cm, and the plants are sparse. Pinnate compound leaves with 3 leaflets; Stipules shield-shaped, arrow-shaped, 0.9- 1.7 cm long; Leaflets ovate to rhomboid-ovate, 5- 10 cm long and 5-8 cm wide, with wide triangular or nearly round apex, lateral oblique, entire or shallow trilobal, with slightly sparse hairs on both sides.
Flowers yellow, about 5 or 6 peanuts at the top of short total pedicel; Pedicel is very short; Bracteoles lanceolate, 6-8 mm long; Calyx campanulate, 3-4 mm long; Corolla about 9 mm long, flag oblate or nearly kidney-shaped, often slightly skewed, with a concave top. Wing flap is wider than keel flap, and the stem and spike are shorter. The top of the keel flap is bent for nearly half a circle, one of which has a corner bulge in the middle and lower part and a stalk at the base. Ovary linear, style curved, hairy near apex.
Pods are cylindrical, 5-8 cm long and 5-6 mm wide, spreading or recurved, glabrous; Seeds are usually dark red or other colors, rectangular, 5-6 mm long and 4-5 mm wide, truncated at both ends or nearly round, and the hilum is not depressed. It blooms in summer and bears -65438+ 10 in September.
Red beans like temperature, light and waterlogging. The whole growth period should be above 10℃, and the effective accumulated temperature should be 20-25℃. Generally, germination and emergence begin above 8- 12℃. Red beans are sensitive to light. Early sowing prolongs the growth period and does not mature early. Therefore, the introduction from high latitude to low latitude will be premature, while the introduction from low latitude to high latitude will prolong the maturity. The growth length of red beans varies from variety to variety. The shortest growth period can be 60-90 days; The growth period is 80- 120 days. Red beans need water most before and after flowering, and it is easy to drop flowers and pods when they encounter high temperature and drought during flowering and pod setting. Too wet, plants tend to lodging. In the stage of grain bulging and maturity, sunny days are beneficial to photosynthesis and increase grain weight. Red beans grow best in loose soil rich in humus. Red beans planted in the sand are red and shiny. Red beans planted in loam, deep red and dark red. Adzuki bean has strong adaptability to soil and can grow in slightly acidic and alkaline soil. ? [5]?
Sowing mode
edit
Adzuki bean is an annual leguminous crop, so it is advisable to choose gramineous crops such as wheat, corn and sorghum in the previous crop to avoid multiple cropping with leguminous crops, so as to avoid infection with pests and diseases and reduce production. Like soybeans, the rotation mode should be three-zone rotation or four-zone rotation: wheat, jade and beans (red beans); Wheat, wheat and beans (red beans); Wheat, miscellaneous and beans (red beans); Wheat, wheat, jade and beans (red beans). We should choose barren stubble instead of fertilizer stubble. It can be intercropped with tall crops such as corn, sorghum and sunflower, which can make full use of land and light energy and obtain high economic benefits. It can also be planted in fields, fields and trees. Monocropping, intercropping and interplanting of red beans. Because shade tolerance is mostly intercropping and interplanting, single cropping is rare. The main forms are:
Red beans are interplanted with spring corn, sorghum and millet. The interplanting rate of spring corn and adzuki bean is 1: 1 or 2:2. Generally, after corn seedlings are fixed, red beans are interplanted between rows of corn.
Red beans are mixed with summer corn and summer grain. When sowing summer corn or millet, red beans should be planted at the same time. When fixing seedlings, pay attention to leave a certain number of red bean seedlings between corn plants.
Intercropping cotton with red beans. After the emergence of cotton in spring, sow a row of red beans in the hole of Dahang, and choose small and early-maturing varieties of red beans. This intercropping method is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission at the lower part of cotton, and can reduce the shedding of buds and bolls and peach blossom. Sometimes red beans are replanted on plots where cotton, peanuts, sweet potatoes and other crops lack seedlings.
Spring bud interplanting with red beans. 5-6 red beans are planted on each gully pier in the sweet potato field. Red beans mature early, and are at the peak of the secondary expansion of sweet potato roots at the time of harvest, which does not affect the yield of sweet potatoes and also harvests dozens of kilograms of red beans.
Red beans need more nitrogen fertilizer. Although rhizobia can fix nitrogen, the application of farm manure can significantly increase the yield, especially the appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. If base fertilizer is not applied, topdressing available nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer 5-6 days before flowering in the growth period of red beans can promote the increase of flowers and pods and prevent pod dropping. ? [5]?
operate
In order to promote the root system development of adzuki bean at seedling stage, more intertillage should be used to loosen the soil, which is also beneficial to the growth of nodules. When it grows vigorously after flowering, it can be properly topped to remove invalid flower branches, so that nutrients are concentrated in the pod and the seeds are full. Before and after flowering, it is the period when red beans need water most. At this time, lack of water will cause a large number of flowers and pods to fall off. Therefore, water in time in case of drought. Prevention and control of aphids and red spiders in the early growth stage of red beans, prevention and control of stem borers and pod eating in the middle and late growth stage. Control of mung bean weevil during storage. Insect control at a high temperature of 50℃ before storage; Drug fumigation; Hypoxia preservation and other measures. ? [5]?
shop
Spread the red beans without sundries, put them into plastic bags in units of 3-5 kg, add some chopped dried peppers and seal them. Put the sealed plastic bag in a dry and ventilated place. This method can prevent moisture, mildew and insects, and can keep red beans 1 year. You can also soak red beans in boiling water for more than ten minutes, then take them out to dry and put them in a jar for storage, which can be stored for a long time without insects. Put two or three cloves of garlic in a container or bag filled with red beans, which can be kept from being eaten by insects for 2-3 years.
Red beans mainly contain nutrients such as protein and sugar. Seeds can be used to make food, such as porridge and bean paste. Dry beans contain protein 2 1-23%, fat 0.3% and carbohydrate 65%.
Nutritional components: Every100g of red beans contains protein 21.7g, fat 0.8g, sugar 60.7g, crude fiber 4.9g, calcium 76mg, phosphorus 386mg, iron 45mg, thiamine 0.43mg, riboflavin 0.16mg and nicotinic acid 2.
Lysine: The content of lysine in amino acids is high.
Others: Red beans also contain three kinds of crystalline saponins.
Winter melon and red bean soup
Ingredients: 500 grams of wax gourd and 40 grams of red beans.
Practice: Boil the wax gourd and red beans in two bowls with water and simmer for 20 minutes.
Usage: No or less salt, twice a day, eat melon and drink soup.
Function: diuretic, detumescence and antipyretic. It is suitable for acute nephritis edema and oliguria.
Comments: Wax gourd has low sodium content and is an ideal food for patients with renal edema. Chronic nephritis is not suitable for people with spleen and kidney deficiency. ? [6]?
Red bean, corn and barley porridge
Raw materials: 50g of corn stigma, 0/5 g of red beans/kloc-,30g of coix seed.
Practice: add appropriate amount of water to corn and fry for 10 minute. Wash adzuki beans and coix seed, put them in a pot, boil them with strong fire and then boil them with low fire to make porridge. Warm clothes, daily 1 time. It is suitable for the treatment of yang deficiency and watery, such as obesity, burnout, white and greasy fur and so on. ? [6]?
Semen Plantaginis and Red Bean Sweet Soup
Raw materials: 200g of plantain seeds, 250g of red beans and 500g of glutinous rice.
Practice: Boil Semen Plantaginis in water, cook adzuki bean and Semen Plantaginis until half rotten, then put them into glutinous rice, cook until the glutinous rice is cooked, and add rock sugar or white sugar.
The roots of any plant have a procreation tendency. Generally speaking, fertilization on grapes is beneficial to rooting. However, if we do not pay attention to fertilization methods, it will not only promote the growth of roots, but also damage the roots.
Excessive fertilizer concentration: physiological water in the tree oozes out to the periphery of the root system to balance the physiological concentration inside and outside the root system. If too much physiological water seeps out, the tree will wither or die due to physiological dehydration, which is often called "fat burning root".
Fertilization: It is easy to cause the root system to float. The soil surface layer at 20cm is rich in microorganisms and various pathogenic bacteria, and the probability of root infection will greatly increase after the root system floats. At the same time, the ability of cold tolerance, drought tolerance and waterlogging tolerance of root system decreases, which affects the tree potential, causes the quality of fruit trees to decline and is easy to crack.
Timing of fertilization: At the peak of grape root growth, timely fertilization can promote root growth and enhance tree potential. It is worth noting that after spring germination, the soil temperature is low and the root activity is poor, so it is not suitable for a large number of topdressing. A small amount of available nitrogen fertilizer can cooperate with sea elf biostimulant to restore root activity. At the same time, spraying sea elf (foliar type) on the leaves after unfolding can quickly supplement the nutrition of trees and improve the photosynthesis of leaves.
soil acidification
Soil acid damage is characterized by stiff plants, slow root growth, slow leaf emergence, small and few leaves, increased soil-borne diseases and easy occurrence of nematodes.
Root growth is poor in acidic environment, including black root, rotten root, dead root and no white root.
After soil acidification, the absorption efficiency of grapes to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron and other nutrients becomes low. Cause nutrient loss or waste, and still lack fertilizer after fertilization.
It is easy to cause soil hardening, resulting in less air and more gaps in the soil, which is not conducive to root growth and nutrient absorption.
The number of beneficial bacteria and organisms is reduced, which is easy to breed pathogenic bacteria and nematodes.
To reduce acid damage, it is necessary to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and reduce the use of other acid fertilizers, such as calcium superphosphate, phosphogypsum and immature organic fertilizer. In view of soil acidification, grapes can use sea elf biostimulant containing mineral humic acid and seaweed extract in the growing period to balance soil pH value and improve soil microenvironment.
organic matter
Soil with high organic matter content and good aggregate structure has good permeability, high fertility and vigorous microbial activity, which is most conducive to root activity and growth.
For the soil with heavy clay, less organic matter and poor permeability, organic fertilizer should be added to improve it, combined with biological bacterial fertilizer and sea elf biological stimulator, and ditch drainage should be carried out to promote root growth. ? [ 16]?
Fresh storage
Modern storage mostly adopts controlled atmosphere refrigeration, and the equipment is more complicated. At present, simple storage methods are mainly used in rural areas, such as cellar storage, cylinder storage, sulfur dioxide fumigation storage, micro-cold storage and so on.
(1) The experience of storing grapes in northern China is harmful. Generally, a cellar is built on the hillside or the source bank, with 4-6 layers of wooden scaffolding, and L layers of grape ears are gently placed on each layer. The specific methods of cellar management are as follows: ① Pre-cooling grapes in the shade for 2 days after harvest, and the pre-cooling temperature must be controlled below 65438 00℃ to fully radiate the heat in the field. Then carefully put the grapes on the shelf in the cellar. ② Control the temperature and humidity in the cellar. Due to the high outdoor temperature in the early stage of the cellar, ventilation measures can be taken to keep the temperature below 10℃. After winter, when the temperature drops, it can be kept at 0- 1℃ during the day and closed at night. The relative humidity should be 80%-90%, and when the humidity is insufficient, water can be sprayed on the ground to moisturize. When the outside temperature drops below 10℃, the cellar door should be closed. (3) Strengthen inspection, and timely eliminate rotten grains of diseased ears.
⑵ When the number of grapes stored is small or the grapes are stored in the courtyard, the storage method can be adopted. In the north, household urns are commonly used or stored by themselves. Before storage, wash the jar, dry it, and then put in the grapes. The method of filling the ear is as follows:
1. Young trees should be pruned according to the principle of "giving priority to lightness, paying equal attention to modeling and results, and promoting early yield increase". (1) 2-4-year-old young trees, under the premise of arranging backbone branches, the key point of pruning is to clean up a layer of tightly squeezed branches and straighten the tree shape. According to the planting density, the small crown sparse layer shape (less than 80 plants per mu) and free spinning cocoon shape (more than 80 plants per mu) can be popularized. Small crown and sparse layer shape: select 3-4 main branches in the first layer, clean up the dense branches that affect the growth of the main branches after selection, and clean up 1-2 branches every year, and strive to clean them up in 2 years. Free-spinning reeling shape: 3-4 small main branches are selected every year, and the spacing between the main branches is about 20 cm, and the branches that are too dense are properly loosened. (2) 5-8-year-old young trees have entered the fruiting stage, and the key point of pruning is to clean up the dense branches between layers, improve the lighting conditions of the trees, and make the fruiting parts gradually transition to the backbone branches. Clean up 2-3 crowded places every year, and strive to clean them up in 3 years. After several years of adjustment and cleaning, five main branches, 1-2 auxiliary branches and 10- 13 main branches were preserved in the sparse layer of small crown.
2. Pruning of adult trees The purpose of pruning of adult trees is to "improve the illumination, improve the quality of branches, stabilize the quality and increase the yield". The key point of pruning is to remove two layers of excessively dense large auxiliary branches, large lateral branches and large branches in batches, so that the large branches remaining in two or more layers extend outward as much as possible in a whip shape, and the total branches account for less than 20% of the total branches of the whole tree, which is beneficial to the illumination in the inner room of the first floor. If the crown of the tree is on the high side, it is necessary to gradually bow your head and be happy by the strength of the tree, and the height of the tree should be controlled below 3.5 meters; If the crown has crossed, the densely packed branches should be drained or transformed into small branches, and the branches should be shortened to slow down the outside and promote the inside, or the direction and angle of the main branches should be changed by changing the main branches, so that the crown distance should be kept at about 1 m to improve the lighting conditions of the population and individuals.
Second, cut off the diseased branches and insect branches. According to the survey, many diseases and insect pests that harm apples overwinter on the branches. For the diseases and pests that overwinter in trees, combining with winter shears, all branches of diseases and pests are cut off, burned or buried deeply, which can obviously reduce the harm in the coming year.
Third, the rough old bark in the gap between the rough old bark and trunk of fruit trees, there are often a large number of overwintering bacteria and pests. Scraping rough old bark, burning or burying it deeply has a good control effect on many kinds of pests and diseases, and sometimes even completely eliminates some pests.
Apple is a beauty product, which can not only lose weight, but also make the skin smooth and tender. Apple is a low-calorie food, every 10.
0 g only produces 60 kilocalories; The nutrients in apples are soluble and easily absorbed by the human body, so they are called "living water", which is beneficial to dissolve sulfur and make the skin smooth and tender. Apple contains copper, iodine, manganese, zinc, potassium and other elements. Without these elements, the skin will be dry, fragile and itchy.
Vitamin C in apples is a protector of cardiovascular system and a healthy element for patients with heart disease.
People who eat more apples are much less likely to catch a cold than those who don't eat or eat less apples. Therefore, some scientists and doctors call apples "all-round healthy fruits" or "general practitioners". The air pollution is serious. Eating more apples can improve the respiratory system and lung function and protect the lungs from dust and smoke in the air. ? [7]?
Pectin: It belongs to soluble fiber, which promotes cholesterol metabolism, lowers cholesterol level and promotes fat excretion.
Trace elements: potassium dilates blood vessels, which is beneficial to patients with hypertension; Zinc deficiency will lead to disorder of blood sugar metabolism and decline of sexual function.
Can regulate the stomach: fiber helps to excrete; It also has astringent effect on diarrhea.
Apple peel+a few slices of ginger boiled water: it can stop vomiting.
It can reduce the coldness of pears and strengthen moistening the lungs and stomach.
Autumn lung moistening syrup: apple/pear+1 lily+Dendrobium 15g+ apricot 9 ... [7]?
value
Apple is mild in taste, rich in carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements, including sugars, organic acids, pectin, protein, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C and dietary fiber, and also contains malic acid, tartaric acid and carotene, which is the closest one in nutritional value among all fruits and vegetables.
zinc (Zn)
Apple has the reputation of "wisdom fruit" and "memory fruit". People have long found that eating more apples can improve memory and intelligence. Apples are not only rich in essential nutrients such as sugar, vitamins and minerals, but also rich in zinc. According to research, zinc is a component of many important enzymes in human body and a key element to promote growth and development. Zinc is also an essential element for nucleic acid and protein, which is closely related to memory. Zinc is also closely related to the production of antibodies and the improvement of human immunity.
The water content of apples is 85%.
Apples contain polyphenols and flavonoids, natural chemical antioxidants and a lot of crude fiber.
It contains more potassium, which can be combined with excess sodium salt in human body and excreted. When the human body ingests too much sodium salt, eating some apples is beneficial to balance the electrolytes in the body.
It contains phosphorus, iron and other elements that are easily absorbed by the intestinal wall, and has the functions of strengthening the brain, nourishing blood, calming the heart and sleeping.
The aroma of apples is a good medicine for depression and depression. After many experiments, experts found that among many smells, the aroma of apples has the greatest impact on people's psychology and has obvious effect on eliminating psychological depression. Clinical application has proved that the mood of patients with depression is greatly improved, and their spirits are relaxed and happy. After smelling the fragrance of apples, their depression is eliminated.
Malic acid in apples has whitening effect. Many people worry that the acidity of apples will corrode their teeth. Apples with cheese can limit the acidity in apples. Eating apples can also effectively help clean teeth.
It can be eaten raw or cooked, and can also be made into dried fruit, jam, jelly and so on. Above the apple, it is sweet but not greasy.
2. Different nutrition: The nutritional value of red pitaya is much higher than that of white pitaya. The content of carotene in red dragon is high, which helps to improve immunity and protect the lens of eyes.
3, the price is different: the price of red pitaya is generally higher than that of white pitaya, mainly because the nutritional value of red pitaya is higher than that of white pitaya, and the taste and taste are slightly better.
1, anti-aging: Red pitaya has high anthocyanin content. Anthocyanin is an effective antioxidant, which has antioxidant, anti-free radical and anti-aging effects, and also has the functions of inhibiting brain cell degeneration and preventing dementia.
Generally, grafting can be carried out in all seasons except the low temperature period in winter. Because winter and spring are cold and humid for a long time, the wound is not only difficult to heal, but also expands, endangering the plant. Therefore, the best grafting time is March-June, 65438+1October, which has sufficient healing growth period and is conducive to the next year's results.
3. Drug treatment before grafting
The knife used for grafting should be disinfected with alcohol or white wine to prevent bacterial infection. Conditional availability. Dipping the base of scion with sodium naphthylacetate solution can not only promote the formation of callus, but also improve the survival rate. ? [3]?
4. Grafting method
A. Docking method
In Lady Enforcers, a sharp knife is used to cut the triangular prism crosswise at a proper height, then three edges are cut at 30-40 degrees, the sterilized fairy thorn is used to pierce the vascular bundle in the middle of the rootstock, and the cut scion is connected to the other end of the thorn, and the scion is connected to the thorny rootstock. Rootstock and scion should be as close as possible without gaps, so as to avoid poor healing caused by bacterial infection. Then add a thorn on both sides to fix it, and then tie it tightly around the base with thin iron wire.
B. wedging method
Cut a slit longitudinally at the top of the rhizome with a sterilized knife, but not too deep. Then cut the lower part of the scion into a duckbill shape with a sterilized blade, insert it into the crack of the rootstock immediately after cutting, fix it with plastic tape, and cover it with a plastic bag to keep the air humidity, which is beneficial to survival. After 20 days, the growth of grafting was observed. If it can keep fresh and bright green, it will survive. You can leave the nursery in a month.
pot culture
The germination temperature of pitaya seeds is about 25℃.
To choose culture soil with fine particles, you can also use commercially available sowing soil instead.
Be sure to remove the pulp and gum attached to the seeds, otherwise mold will easily grow when sprouting.
To make a small potted plant, the seeds should be spread densely, especially at the edges, otherwise it will be scattered loosely and lose its aesthetic feeling.
If there is no bottom hole in the basin, don't water it directly with the kettle, so as not to water it too much. Just spray water with the watering can once every 2-3 days. ?
Including peaches, plums, apricots and cherries. The outer wall of the ovary forms exocarp, the middle wall develops into fruit meat, and the inner wall forms lignified stone. There is usually a seed in a stone. The edible part is mesocarp.
3. Berry fruit trees
Include kiwi fruit, raspberry, pomegranate, grape, etc. The fruit is juicy, and the seeds are small and numerous, which are distributed in the pulp, and most of them are not resistant to storage. This kind of fruit has great differences in fruit structure due to different tree species. Its representative tree species is grape, the fruit develops from ovary, the exocarp is membranous and the mesocarp is soft and juicy. The edible part is mesocarp.
4. Nut fruit trees
Including walnuts, chestnuts, hazelnuts, ginkgo, etc. It is characterized by a hard shell outside the fruit and seeds in the shell. Edible parts are mostly seeds, which have low water content and are resistant to storage and transportation, commonly known as dried fruits.
5. Persimmon and jujube trees
Exocarp membranous, mesocarp fleshy. The endocarp of jujube forms a nucleus, and the edible part is mesocarp; Persimmon endocarp is tough, and the edible part is the middle endocarp.
Including oranges, oranges, oranges, grapefruit and so on. The fruit developed from ovary, the exocarp was leathery with oil cells, the endocarp was a white sponge and the endocarp was a juicy sac. The edible part is endocarp capsule. Most fruits are resistant to storage and transportation.
2. Others
Include litchi, longan, loquat, bayberry, coconut, mango, avocado, etc.
Perennial herbaceous fruit trees
Include bananas, pineapples, strawberries and the like.
(1) Nutrition and health functions of fruits are rich in nutrients, including vitamins and inorganic salts, as well as sugar, starch, protein, fat, organic acids and aromatic substances, which are necessary for human growth, development and nutrition. According to nutritionists, each person needs 70 ~ 80 kilograms of fruit every year to meet the normal needs of the human body.
(2) Medicinal functions of fruits Many fruits and seeds can be used as medicine and have therapeutic effects. Such as walnuts, lychees and longan are all good tonics; Pear cream and persimmon cream are often used as medicine; Almond, peach kernel and orange complex are important Chinese herbal medicines. Guava can treat diabetes and lower cholesterol.
(3) Ecological and environmental benefits of fruit trees Fruit trees are generally adaptable. They can be planted not only in plains, rivers, roads and country gardens, but also in deserts, hills and beaches. Choosing suitable fruit trees can not only increase economic income, but also prevent soil erosion, increase green coverage area and adjust climate, thus greening, beautifying and purifying the environment.
(4) Fruit trees are important raw materials for food industry and chemical industry. In addition to fresh food, fruits can also be processed into preserved fruits, fruit juices, preserves, jams, cans, fruit wine, fruit vinegar and so on. The hard shell of some fruits can be used to make activated carbon, the leaves, bark and peel of some fruit trees can be used to extract dyes or tanning materials, and orange peel and neroli can be used to extract essential oils. The wood of many fruit trees is an excellent material for national defense industry, construction industry and carving technology.
(5) The economic benefits of fruit trees are an important part of agriculture. With the adjustment of rural industrial structure and the liberalization of agricultural products market, especially in hilly, mountainous and desert areas, developing fruit tree production according to local conditions can bring considerable benefits to farmers. China fruit is rich in resources, and fruit tree production is highly competitive in the international market, which is an important source of foreign exchange earned by agricultural products export.
The root system died in a long-term hypoxia state. The drenching water will make the humidity uneven and induce erythema (physiological disease). Drainage should be carried out in time in rainy weather, so as not to be infected with germs and cause the stem meat to rot. Water should be controlled in the garden in winter to enhance the cold resistance of branches.
1. Yellow leaves (red spots on pitaya leaves, yellow leaves and iron deficiency)
Treatment method:
1, branch spraying: fruit trees with serious diseases,
Before germination, 0.3-0.5% ferrous sulfate solution or mixed solution of copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate and lime (0.5 kg of copper sulfate, 1.25 kg of quicklime, 160 kg of water) can be sprayed to control the occurrence of diseases.
2. Trunk injection: The most commonly used and effective solution is 0.05-0. 1% ferrous sulfate solution. Injection with 0.05-0. 1% ferric citrate solution also has certain effect.
3. Application of metal chelated iron: Chelated metal is made of metal ions and chelating agents. The application of chelated iron can improve the supply of some nutrients in soil. In addition to soil application, chelated iron can also be sprayed with 0. 1-0.2% integrated iron solution to restore leaf color.
4, soil application or foliar spraying should be careful not to overdo, so as not to produce phytotoxicity. [6]
Two. Rot disease (white silk disease)
Treatment method:
It can be caused by insect mouth injury or mechanical injury in long-term rainy environment. The rotten part can be cut off with a knife, or the ulcerated tissue can be drained with a knife (in sunny days and high temperatures), so that the injured product can be naturally dried or coated with sulfur and phosphorus powder for prevention and treatment. General protected cultivation, excessive humidity, easy to get bituminous coal disease. Ventilation should be strengthened and the affected area should be cleaned with clean water. Greenhouse facilities in winter are usually hot and dry, which is easy to induce red spiders. Keep a certain humidity. If the population density is high, it can be controlled by 40% omethoate 1000- 1500 times. [3]
3. Genetic analysis of the skin and fruit of pitaya.
First, pitaya flower skin fruit
The so-called pitaya skin is pockmarked face, which can be divided into small skin and large skin according to the size of the skin area. The reasons are different, such as diseases, pests, phytotoxicity, acid rain and so on.
1, the cause of large flower skin
It is mainly due to the large-scale burning spots directly caused by the application of herbicides when the branches of Spodoptera litura are relatively low (within 50 cm from the ground).
2. The cause of floret skin
First, there is more rain in the south, which is affected by acid rain in the south or cannot be used in time, which has a great influence on the growth of pitaya, leading to the appearance of flower skin fruit; Less branches, moderate cold tolerance, strong disease resistance and strong salt tolerance.
Figs are elegant ornamental trees in courtyards and parks. Generally, pesticides are not used, and it is a pure natural and pollution-free tree. Its leaves are large, palmately divided and rough, and it has a good vacuum effect. If matched with other plants, it can also form a good sound barrier. Ficus carica can resist toxic gas and air pollution that ordinary plants can't stand, and it is a good tree species for greening in chemically polluted areas. In addition, fig has strong adaptability, wind resistance, drought resistance and salt tolerance. Ficus carica planted in arid desert areas can play the role of wind and sand fixation and greening wasteland.
economic value
Ficus carica is one of the fastest growing fruit trees in the world, with high yield, no age, few pests and diseases, and easy cultivation and management. Figs are planted in the same year and bear fruit in the same year. With proper management, the yield per plant can reach 2 kg and the yield per mu can reach 500 kg. What's even more peculiar is that seedlings can bear a lot of fruits in the nursery that year, which is very rare in fruit trees. This excellent characteristic of fig makes the investment recover in a very short time, which is extremely beneficial to arouse the production enthusiasm of the majority of fruit farmers, and is also extremely beneficial to the industrialization of local governments and meet the requirements of maximizing profits of large domestic companies. Fig is one of the best projects for large-scale capital investment in agriculture. In the third to fifth years, the yield per mu is generally more than 2,500 kg, among which the highest yield per mu of fig is more than 3,500 kg, and there are few pests and diseases in different years, which is especially beneficial to the production of green fruits and conforms to the international fashion trend.
Most fig varieties bear fruit in summer and autumn, and the fruit ripens in June ~165438+1October. The sales time of fresh fruit is long, the sales pressure is low, and the processing time is greatly extended, which is especially beneficial to improve the utilization rate of factory equipment. Fig trees have a long life and average economic life.
moisture