(1) Determine the appropriate transplant time. Seedling leaves grow in spring and summer, and stop growing or dormancy in autumn and winter. Because the roots of big trees are thick and deep, and the trees are huge, if transplanted in the growing period, it will affect the survival of tree transplantation, so it is very important to choose the appropriate transplanting time. Generally speaking, deciduous trees can be transplanted in spring and autumn. In early spring, the buds of trees are about to sprout but not yet expand. In autumn, the growth rate of trees is about to enter dormancy, and the transplanting effect is the best. As for evergreen trees, it is best to transplant them in spring with high survival rate, and they can also be transplanted in autumn, but they must be early.
(2) Choose the one with better weather. Transplanting trees should choose cloudy and rainless weather. If the weather is fine, transplanting in the afternoon is more suitable. For example, after the transplantation is completed, the next light rain will have the best effect. It is best not to transplant in rainy days, because the soil in the planting hole is full of rain, so the soil in the planting hole is bonded into a mud pit. After the tree is transplanted, it is difficult to grow roots because there is too much water and the air is not circulating.
(3) Choose better soil. If you transplant trees where there are piles of clay, hard soil or gravel and broken tiles, you must change the soil, that is, before transplanting trees, pour nutrient-rich soil into the planting hole.
Transplant operation technique
(1) Dig trees. Digging method of soil ball with roots: draw a circle with the trunk as the center and the radius of 3 ~ 5 times the diameter, cut off the lateral roots of the tree along the periphery of the circle, and dig to the center when the lateral roots are not visible at the lower layer. The soil ball is initially dug into a circular outline, and the thickness of the soil ball is generally 1/2 of the diameter of the soil ball. Trim the soil ball according to this size, and tie it tightly with straw rope after trimming to avoid the soil ball from being broken and cracked. There is also a digging method without soil balls, which will not be introduced here.
(2) dressing. If the excavated trees are far away from the planting site, the crown should be wrapped up, tied into a cone, wrapped with straw mats, and the trunk wrapped tightly with straw ropes.
(3) handling. Small trees and big trees can be carried by manpower, and big trees should be carried by cranes, but no matter what method is used, the soil balls and trunks must be well protected.
(4) planting. First, dig a pot-shaped planting pit at the planting site. The diameter of the hole is preferably slightly larger than the soil ball, and high-quality soil is placed at the bottom of the hole. Then remove the straw mat wrapped around the tree, erect the tree in the center of the planting hole, perpendicular to the ground, and fix the position, and then fill the hole with fertile soil. When deciduous trees are more than half full, water them, and stick a few holes under the soil ball with a small stick, so that fine soil can be poured under the soil ball with running water. When all the gaps are filled, add more soil until the ground is slightly higher, and then loosen the soil steadily. Finally, dig a slight annular shallow ditch around the planting hole and fill it with water. Evergreen trees don't need watering when filling the soil, but they should be tamped with wooden sticks to fill all the soil balls without leaving any gaps. Then, the soil balls are covered with filling soil and compacted. Finally, dig a circular ditch around the trees and fill it with water.
(5) Nursing care
(1) Column: There is no new root under the newly transplanted tree, which is easy to be blown down by strong wind. Three bamboo poles can be supported at one point, tied tightly around the tree with ropes, and the part of the trunk that contacts the bamboo poles should be padded with straw to prevent the bark from being scratched. After transplantation, when the new roots penetrate into the soil and the tree is firm, the support can be removed.
(2) Pruning: After tree transplantation, the root system is seriously damaged and the water absorption is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to trim some branches and leaves of the tree properly to reduce the evaporation of the tree and make the water balance in the tree roughly balanced. Generally, proper pruning should be carried out in places where branches are too dense, and dead branches, old branches, branches with diseases and insect pests and branches that are too prominent should be cut off, and the tree shape should be trimmed to make the tree look beautiful.