[Explanation of words]
ㄟˇㄋㄩˇ Athena Chu.
◎ beauty m: in ǐ
[Queen; Beauty; Belle; Beautiful woman
[Detailed explanation]
Interpretation: beauty.
Source: "Mozi Meng Gong": "Beauty can't go out, and people fight." Historical Records: On the aristocratic family of Chu concubines: "Beauty is the enemy of evil women. Otherwise! "
For example, in the Southern Dynasties, Liang Jiangyan wrote "Fu on the Moss": "When a demon comes out of Zheng, a beautiful person will face life." Tang Chenziang's book "Persuading Yazhou to Make a Living for Qiang People": [Qin Huiwang] adorns beautiful women and worships Taurus to admire Shu. "
Synonyms of beauty: beauty, little beauty, Yan Shu, Li Shu, Jiao Rao, Shu Zi, Yao Shu, Li Shu, Shu Ming, Shu Hao, Li Jia, Emei, Daidai, tea, pink girl and so on.
English: Beauty
[Edit this paragraph] A new definition of beauty
First of all, they are independent. This kind of independence is not isolated from the world, but the burden of life can be shouldered by oneself without the support of others, because independent women are more confident and emotionally selfless to their loved ones. They are loyal to public welfare, because women with love are richer.
Secondly, they are wise. This kind of wisdom is not cheating, but they have their own philosophy in the face of complex society, because intelligent women are always young.
Why didn't you mention appearance and figure? Some people will say that this is the basic condition of beauty. But don't look at the fact that plastic surgery is in full swing now. Who can tell the difference between natural beauty and nurture? If it is a beautiful woman without connotation, do you really want to describe it as a "vase"?
"There are no ugly women in the world." Ladies, come on, be a real beauty.
[Edit this paragraph] Beauty standards
The standard of beauty has always been controversial.
People of different ages have different interpretations of beautiful women. As the saying goes, "Boys in their teens look at their faces, men in their twenties look at their breasts, and men in their thirties look at their hips." This image reflects that people of different ages have completely different views on beauty.
But the contemporary interpretation of beauty is quite different. In the Tang Dynasty, Yang Yuhuan, who was plump, with big breasts and fat buttocks, was regarded as a beauty. However, in the Song Dynasty, "Zhao Yanfei (Han Dynasty) was as light as a swallow, elegant and the most beautiful". Combined with the characteristics of beauty types that people of different ages and times like, this paper summarizes the beauty standards of mass lovers: breast enhancement, waist lifting and buttocks lifting.
Waist circumference: King Chu Ling of the 5th century BC preferred women with thin waists; Song Yu, a contemporary of King Xiang of Chu, has a special liking for this beautiful "master's son" in his Ode to Lottie's Lust and Desire.
Hip circumference: whether it is full or not has become one of the important sketches of ancient beauty in China. The reason is that people in China think that women with round hips will have more children. In the ancient agricultural society, "there are three unfilial things, and no posterity is the greatest thing", and fat buttocks have their own importance.
In addition to figure and measurements, appearance has also become an important condition for beauty.
Beauty facial aesthetics
The aesthetics of face mainly refers to whether the proportion of facial features is harmonious. The incisive concept of "three divisions and five eyes" summarized by ancient painters in China defines the standard proportional relationship of face, which is called the "golden section" of face internationally-1:0.18.
Definition of face: face is the appearance of facial muscles covering the bone surface.
Position of face: The position of facial features is very important in proportion. "Three courts" refers to the vertical division of the face into three parts: upper court, atrium and lower court. Upper court refers to from hairline to eyebrow line, atrium refers to from eyebrow line to nasal bottom line, and lower court refers to from nasal bottom line to psychological bottom line. If the length of the "three points" is exactly the same, such a vertical facial proportion relationship is the best.
"Five eyes" refers to the horizontal division of the face into five equal parts with the length of one eye as the unit of measurement.
"Three points and one line" means that eyebrows, inner corners of eyes and nose form a vertical straight line.
"Four highs and three lows" refers to a vertical axis passing through forehead-nose tip-person-chin. On this vertical line, "four heights" are the forehead and the tip of the nose. Lip bead, sharp chin. The "three lows" are between the eyes, and the nose-forehead junction must be concave; Above lip bead, the middle ditch is sunken, the middle ditch of beauty is deep and the middle ditch is obvious; Below the lower lip, there is a small depression and three depressions.
There are two types of faces: vertical and horizontal:
Vertical classification
Presiding judge: the atrium is as long as the lower court, and the upper court is slightly longer, that is, the forehead is long.
The upper courtyard is short: the atrium is as long as the lower courtyard, and the upper courtyard is slightly shorter.
Dean Zhong: The upper house and the lower house are equal in length. The middle court is a little bit longer, but the nose is a little longer.
Short patio: the upper and lower patios are equal in length, and the patios are short.
Dean Xia: The length of the atrium and the upper courtyard is basically the same, and the length of the lower courtyard is slightly longer, that is, the chin is slightly longer.
Short lower court: the length of atrium and upper court is basically equal, and the length of lower court is short, that is, the chin is slightly shorter.
Transverse classification
The distance between the eyes is far, and the distance between the eyes is close.
Facial modification: the chief judge Shang: using the shadow color on the edge of the front hairline and the principle of contraction and retreat caused by dark color, the forehead appears shorter. In addition, you can also leave bangs.
Short court appearance: blow your hair high and show your forehead.
Dean Zhong: Older people with a slightly longer nose can smudge up from the nasal septum and use shadow color or blush. As long as the color is used properly, they can feel the tip of their nose shortened.
Atrium is short: the correction method is to smudge the brightening color from the eyebrows to the nose. If the nose is too short, you can pull it all the way to the nasal septum. The outline of the nose extends from the alar to the brow and connects with each other. Highlight color can be used to brighten the bridge of the nose.
President Xia: The bottom and sides of the chin are painted from bottom to top to make the chin feel contracted.
The lower court is short: the brightening color is concentrated at the tip of the chin, and it is lighter near the bottom, which is soft with the basic background color, and the effect of prolonging the length of the chin is produced by using the optical illusion of people.
Eye distance: when painting eyeliner and eye shadow, try to draw it to the inner corner of the eye. Don't treat the distance between the eyebrows too far.
The distance between the eyes is close: the eyeliner and eye shadow extend as far as possible to the outer corner of the eye, and the inner corner of the eye is ignored as much as possible. Don't draw your eyebrows too close.
Aesthetic standards in ancient China
Before the Han Dynasty in China, people only paid attention to women's facial images, and it was not until the Wei and Jin Dynasties that they began to pay attention to decoration. Wei Wendi likes concubines with gorgeous clothes and curly hair. The Tang Dynasty was an open society, allowing bare chests and bare arms. The physical beauty of women is broad forehead, round face and fat body.
There is no conclusion after the Tang Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty, the original appearance of Guanyin Bodhisattva was generally regarded as a high standard of female beauty, and the Guanyin Bodhisattva carved and painted in various times was a concrete explanation of the aesthetic standard at that time.
The four beauties in ancient China refer to the stories of Diophantine, Xi Stone, Wang Zhaojun and Yang Guifei in ancient China. Simei enjoys the appearance of "closing the moon and feeling ashamed of flowers, sinking fish and falling geese". It is a historical allusion composed of wonderful stories that "the moon is closed and the flowers are ashamed, and the fish sink and the geese fall".
In the west, the Greek aesthetic standard is that the proportion of each part of the face must be symmetrical. They divide a person's whole face into three parts: from hairline to eyes, from eyes to upper lip, and from upper lip to chin. The aspect ratio of a beautiful face is 4: 3. Fat people think that "a characteristic face" is also the standard of beauty, such as a straight nose (or a little depression between the root of the nose and the forehead), a low forehead and slender eyebrows like a bow on the forehead. The lips that Greeks like are similar to the patterns that people admire today: the color is pure red, and the lower lip is slightly fuller than the upper lip.
Western Europeans attach importance to women's buttocks, and "full buttocks" is beauty. This stems from the requirement of reproduction. This aesthetic view coincides with that of China people.
During the Renaissance, the women described by Italian painters Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael had some serious beauty. The mysterious smile of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa fascinated many people. In addition to beautiful hands, she also has maternal tenderness.
Some time before the First World War, a chubby face and Anna's colorful figure became popular human characteristics. Lillian Russell, a movie star in new york, is such a beautiful example. Meanwhile, Lillie rowntree, a native of sasha jackson, was fascinated by her appearance. She is muscular and tall, but her nose and lips are big, which is not very beautiful to Americans.
Marilyn Monroe, an American movie star in the 1920s, was so charming and naughty when she was a child that she stayed in people's minds for a long time, so that today women of all ages regard her as a model of beauty. Nowadays, people agree that "health is beauty".