1. Seedling raising: before deciduous leaves germinate, big nests, big fertilizers and big seedlings are used, with row spacing of 3× 4m and 55 plants per mu. The method is that the nest is large and the bottom is flat, the seedlings take root, the roots are grounded with fine soil and poured with dense water.
2. Soil, fertilizer and water management: shallow tillage 1 ~ 2 times in the growth period, deep tillage from the middle and late June165438+1late October, deep tillage along the periphery of the crown for 30 ~ 50 cm, and shallow tillage 10 cm in the crown. Fertilization principle: young trees eat less and eat more, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and the amount of fertilization is halved according to the standard of adult trees. Adult trees are mainly based on base fertilizer, bud fertilizer, strong fruit fertilizer and topdressing outside the roots. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium depends on the tree potential, and is generally1.2 ~1.5:1:1. ① base fertilizer: the application period is from the middle and late of 10 year 10 month to the middle and late of 10 year10 month, and the application amount accounts for 60-65% of the annual fertilizer consumption, mainly composed of decomposed farmyard manure, with appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Generally, orchards with an yield of 2,500 kilograms per mu are applied with 2,500 kilograms of farm manure, 5-20 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer/kloc-0, 50-70 kilograms of ammonium phosphate and 0-5-20 kilograms of potassium fertilizer/kloc-0. Fertilization methods can be combined with soil tillage, multi-point, multi-hole and radial furrow application. ② Germination fertilizer: topdressing nitrogen fertilizer with farmyard manure at the early stage of germination or before germination. Each crisp plum tree produces 40-50 kg, and each tree is applied with a load of clear manure water mixed with urea 180-200 g ③ fruit-strengthening fertilizer: potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate) is applied topdressing 30-45 days before the fruit ripens in the first half of June. For a tree with a yield of 40-50kg per plant, a cart of manure water is usually mixed with 450g of potash fertilizer and150g of urea. Take the crown drip line as the boundary, dig two pig trough fertilization ditches or annular ditches. (4) Topdressing outside the roots: Spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% urea on the crown of the tree more than twice every 20 days from the rapid fruit expansion period to 20 days before harvest is beneficial to increase the fruit and improve the quality. Water management can release energy and irrigation.
Third, shaping and pruning: ① shaping and pruning of young trees: in order to expand the crown, various measures such as supporting, pulling and hanging are taken to cultivate backbone branches, and appropriate pruning is carried out to make them grow vigorously, with fewer long branches and shorter sections. (2) Pruning of fruiting trees: removing sprouting in late spring and early summer; In the first half of May, the overgrown main branches on the main side branches were pruned to slow down the growth; Prune the trailing branches and back branches that affect the light in June and July; Prune branches with serious pests and diseases, dry branches and drooping branches in winter; Overlapping branches and cross branches are thinned appropriately; Senescence branches and senescence-bearing branches retract.
Fourth, flower and fruit management: First, when planting, provide sufficient pollination trees; Second, flowers should be sparse for many years. In the year with few flowers, use 0.3% medical borax +0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate +0.3 ~ 0.5% urea or pick pollen manually and spray it at flowering stage.
5. Pest control: plum blossom pests mainly include plum blossom red spot, perforation, peach pink aphid, peach tumor aphid, red-necked beetle, fruit borer, scale insect, red spider and so on. On the one hand, the control measures are mainly comprehensive control, combined with the use of the most economical, effective and basic conventional chemical pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity. The safe interval of pesticides should be considered when applying pesticides, and pesticides should not be used before fruit harvesting 15 ~ 20 days to reduce pesticide residues and improve fruit quality. On the other hand, strengthen orchard management, keep trees vigorous, enhance the ability of trees to resist pests and diseases, thoroughly remove dead branches, fallen leaves and diseased fruits, burn or bury them centrally, and eliminate overwintering bacteria sources. Specific control methods: spraying insecticides such as 10% imidacloprid 3000 times before flowering to control mites and aphids, spraying pyrethroid pesticide 1500 ~ 3000 times and Yangkang No.6 pesticide to control green fruit flies after flowering, and spraying thiophanate methyl 800 times in April to control gummosis of plum trees; Spraying 3000 times of Shigao solution or 600 times of 65% mancozeb in May-June to prevent and control the perforation of Qingcui plum; In July and August, 600 times of mancozeb or 600 times of thiophanate-methyl plus 2000-3000 times of chlorpheniramine were selected to control scab, perforation and other pests and diseases and protect leaves; From June 10 to February 12, the dead branches, fallen leaves, diseased fruits and weeds in the orchard were removed, burned or buried intensively to eliminate the overwintering bacteria source, and the orchard was closed by spraying Bomei 5-degree sulfur mixture; The trunk is coated with lime and sulfur coating agent (white coating agent formula: water 10 kg, quicklime 3 kg, stone sulfur mixture stock solution 1 kg, salt 0.2 kg, waste engine oil or grease 0.2 kg). First, melt the quicklime, then add sulfur powder and mix well, then melt the salt in hot water and pour it in, then add water and lard and mix well.
6. Measures to improve quality: ① Apply sufficient fertilizer before flowering and strong fruit fertilizer in summer; (2) Insist on ground covering in winter and spring to ensure soil moisture, which is beneficial to cell division of young fruit; ③ Do a good job of thinning flowers and fruits and keeping flowers and fruits; (4) controlling leaf spot and protecting leaves; (5) Topdressing foliar fertilizer (mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer) to promote fruit coloring and enhance tree potential; ⑥ Reasonable shaping and pruning, controlling flourishing growth and balancing tree potential; Pay attention to opening the crown cavity, reduce parasitic branches and avoid ineffective consumption.
Seven, timely harvest: green crisp plum varieties are mostly concentrated in July-August, when harvesting, you should prepare the fruit picking rack and put the bag in it. It is appropriate to pick and put lightly, keep the fruit powder, and pick, stack and sell it at different levels.