1, the era of the first earthen artifacts

2. Paleolithic Age

3. Ancient times

The age of Wensheng is about the pre-Qin period of China.

The Yayoi period (3rd century BC-3rd century BC) is about the Han Dynasty.

The era of ancient tombs (the second half of the 3rd century and the beginning of the 4th century-the first half of the 7th century and the beginning of the 8th century) is about the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Asuka period (end of 6th century -7 10) is about Sui and early Tang dynasties.

Nara period of Tang dynasty (7 10-794)

During the Heian period (794- 1 184), the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty.

4. The Middle Ages

In the Kamakura period (1 192- 1334), the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

Southern and Northern Dynasties (1334- 1392) Yuan, Ming, Note: After the palace coup in Japanese history, the former emperor set up another court not far from Beijing, and the time was very short.

Muromachi Period (1392- 1573) (Zuoguo Period) Ming Dynasty, Note: Japanese generals who conquered foreign countries in this period were awarded the title of "King of Japan" by the Ming Dynasty.

5. Modern Times

The period of Antu Taoshan (1573- 1598) was the Ming Dynasty, that is, the so-called "Zhifeng period", that is, the period of Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

Edo period (1603- 1868) late Ming and early Qing dynasties

6. Modern-Modern

Meiji (1868-191year) was the reign of Tongzhi, Guangxu and Xuan Tong.

Dazheng (19 1 1 year-1926) was in the period of northern warlords.

Showa National Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) (1926- 1989)

Heisei (1989-) is the third generation leader.

Second, Japan's various eras

Japan itself has no concept of dynasty, because no matter which general is in power, it coexists with the emperor. Although the generals ignored the emperor's meaning, they all admitted that it was granted by the emperor. So there are only times in Japanese history. But every era can be regarded as the change of the ruling group. Before Meiji, the emperor did not form his own political power, nor could it be called a dynasty. The specific age is as follows:

300-592 A.D. Yamato Times

592-7 10 Asuka period.

7 1 1-794 Nara Period

794- 1 192 peacetime.

1 192- 1333 kamakura shogunate era

A.D. 1333- 1392 Southern and Northern Dynasties

A d 1393- 1573 muromachi shogunate era.

From A.D. 1573- 1603 to bumper years.

A.D. 1603- 1867 edo shogunate era

A.D.1868-1911Meiji era.

A.D. 19 12- 1925 Dazheng era.

1926- 1988 showa times

A.D. 1989 to the present Heisei era.

Third, briefly introduce each historical period.

Early history

1, Paleolithic age

? Japanese people developed greatly at the end of the Paleolithic Age, and developed slowly for most of the Paleolithic Age, that is, 10 million years ago. Archaeological studies have found that primitive humans from the north of China began to live on the Korean peninsula hundreds of thousands of years ago, and a few people began to migrate to Japan about10000 years ago. The earliest human fossils found in Japan were born about 10 million years ago. Archaeology and anthropology hold that the Japanese nation mainly evolved from nomadic people in Northeast Asia, Altai Mongolians, ancient Zhongyuan people, Wuyue people in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, a few Malays and a few Indosinians who gradually migrated to Japan from Indochina Peninsula. From the late Warring States period, a large number of Yan people, Qi people, Chu people and Vietnamese people fled to the Korean peninsula and Japan to escape the war. Later, in the Qing Dynasty, the northern part of China was ravaged by war, and China people immigrated to the Korean Peninsula one after another, and later went to Japan or the Japanese archipelago from here to the east or south.

2. Rope Age

About 12000 years ago, because of the end of the last ice age, it began to heat up sharply, which caused great changes in people's culture and life. Except Ryukyu Islands, the whole island has entered the next era, the rope age. It can be divided into six stages: early stage, early stage, middle stage, late stage and late stage. At this time, people made rope pottery, making a living by hunting, fishing and gathering, using bow and arrow hunting, shellfish burial fishing, collecting plants and other commercial life, using stone tools, grinding stone tools, bone horns and so on. It constitutes a society where the rich and the poor are different. After the early days, they settled down, and most of them lived in semi-crypt houses (vertical caves). It is also cultivated, and rice was planted in the later stage. The Wensheng era officially ended in 300 BC.

3. Yayoi era

The period from 300 BC to 250 AD is called the Yayoi era. The name of this era comes from Yayoi pottery and is regarded as a representative feature of this period. The farming society centered on rice cultivation spread rapidly from Kyushu in the north to all parts of the Japanese archipelago. At that time, the Japanese archipelago was called Japan and Japan by China.

In 300 BC, rice planting technology and metal appliance use technology spread from Korea to northern Kyushu. Rice farming technology has brought epoch-making changes to Japanese society, expanded production, produced differences between the rich and the poor, and made rural communities tend to be politically collectivized. The beliefs, manners and customs brought by farming gradually spread, forming the embryonic form of Japanese culture.

4. Ancient tomb raiding times

The ancient grave era is the era of building ancient graves (300-600 AD). Cluster graves appeared behind the ancient tombs in the front and back circles, centering on Nara Prefecture, scattered in the vast areas from Fukushima Prefecture in the north to Kumamoto Prefecture and Oita Prefecture in the south, and extended from Miyagi Prefecture to Kagoshima Prefecture in the 5th century. At first, only tribal leaders were buried in ancient tombs, which were built by tribal members.

Feudal period

5. Asuka period

Asuka's period began around 600 AD and ended in 7 10 AD, when he moved his capital to Pingchengjing. This issue is named after torii (then Asuka Village of Fujiwara), the political center of Nara Prefecture. The more important events are the reform and modernization of Shoto Kutaishi.

6. Nara era

Nara era, from 7 10 to 794, was named after Nara (Pingchengjing). This is the heyday of the legal society, which is manifested in many aspects such as political and economic system, class relations, culture, foreign relations and so on. However, during this period, the peasants' poverty, the increase of vagrants and the substantial collapse of the civil rights system of the commons caused by the expansion of the manor began to be exposed, and political struggles within the nobility continued to occur. After the change of Prince Nagaya, Fujiwara's Siqing, Orange Brothers and Shang Yunxuan competed for power. After Hirohito Fujiwara's uprising, Fujiwara Nakama rejected the royal family and became the first non-royal minister of Zheng Tai. Spiegel, a Buddhist monk, used filial piety to restore the emperor, punished Fujiwara Nakama, promoted the French king, and attempted to covet the throne by abdicating, weakening the absolute authority of the emperor's dictatorship. During the reign of Ren Guang and Emperor Kanmu, the imperial court tried to rectify the chaotic political situation, reduce financial expenditure, reform the military system, expand its territory to the northeast, seek plastic surgery and re-strengthen the legal system.

7. In peacetime

In peacetime, from the end of the 8th century to the end of 12. It can be roughly divided into three periods: the early period (794-967) was the period when the laws and regulations were relaxed but continued to be used. The middle period (968- 1068) is the establishment and heyday of social politics. The later period (1069- 1 190) was the peaceful regime period of the Yuan government.

8. Kamakura era

At the end of 12, the Yuan Dynasty won the title of the first generation general who conquered foreign countries, and established a shogunate in Kamakura, from which the samurai regime was born, resulting in the opposition between martial politics and public politics (referring to court officials and nobles). /kloc-in the late third century, the samurai rule of the shogunate began to face difficulties, and the kamakura shogunate gradually embarked on the road of extinction.

9. Southern and Northern Dynasties (1334 to 1392)

After Daigo abdicated, the three artifacts symbolized by the Emperor retreated to Yamato Yoshino (now Nara Prefecture) for the use of the Southern Dynasties. At this point, the Northern and Southern Dynasties finally formed, and the history books also called "two emperors in Nanjing in one day". After many attacks and defenses, the power of the Southern Dynasties declined. Finally, the Emperor of the Southern Dynasties handed over three artifacts to the Emperor of the Northern Dynasties, ending the era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Muromachi era 10

It refers to the years from 1392 to 1573. Zumu was originally a Ueno tycoon and a relative of the Kamakura shogunate general Yuanlaichao. Master Zumu opened a shogunate in Muromachi, Kyoto. The unification of the Northern and Southern Dynasties was carried out by the third generation general ashikaga yoshimitsu, who attempted to usurp the throne after reunification. But after his death, the fourth generation general Ashikaga Yoshimochi stopped it.

Sentani

1 1, Antu Taoshan era (1573 turn 1603)

After the Ren Ying Uprising, great names in various parts of Japan rose in succession, and wars raged, making people miserable. However, people generally regard the rise of the North Island Zaoyun as the beginning of the Warring States Period. Until the middle of16th century, there appeared a lean man who was determined to unify Japan by force and end troubled times. He is Nobuyuki ODA. In the third year of Lu Yong (1560), Nobunaga defeated Imagawa Yoshimoto's 40,000 troops with 2,000 men in a narrow wooden barrel and became famous at one fell swoop. Later, we gradually unified Zhang Wei and Feng Jingen, and prepared to attack Yin Shan and Yang Shan. During this period, Nobunaga built the magnificent Antu City. So nobunaga's era is called "An Cheng era".

12, osaka-edo confrontation period (1603 ~ 16 15)

In the eighth year of Changqing (1603), the emperor ordered Tokugawa Ieyasu to establish a Tokugawa shogunate in Edo (present-day Tokyo) to conquer foreign generals. Soon, Jia Kangchan was located in his son's show, calling himself Daxiong, and completed the inheritance of his position as a general in the Tokugawa family, thus entering the Edo era. However, the Toyotomi regime, as Guan Bai, still lived in Osaka and regarded the shogunate as a vassal. This period was a confrontation between Osaka and Edo. In the 19th year of Qingchuang (16 14) and the 20th summer of Qingchuang (16 15), the shogunate finally wiped out the Toyotomi family in Osaka, and the Toyotomi family was wiped out. The Battle of Osaka brought a tragic ending to Japan's Warring States period.

13, edo period

The period from 1603 (the eighth year of Keio) to 1867 (the third year of Keio) is called the edo period, during which the Tokugawa family ruled the country for more than 260 years. This period is called the edo period. As soon as the politics was stable, the economy developed. By the time of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, it was prosperous, and Lu Yuan culture (Lu Yuan culture) prevailed among businessmen and citizens.

Modern Times

14, Meiji era

This country is very open.

/kloc-In the mid-9th century, Japan was still in a feudal society with a small-scale peasant economy. The emperor had no authority, and the power was in the hands of the Tokugawa shogunate, the third feudal military regime. At the end of the edo shogunate, natural disasters continued, the Tokugawa era was corrupt and the people were poor. Moreover, the financial difficulties of the shogunate made most of the middle and lower samurai more and more dissatisfied with the shogunate. At the same time, western capitalist powers knocked on the door of Japan, which has not been locked for more than 200 years. 1853, American navy general matthew perry led four steamboats into Edo Bay, Japan, forcing Japan to open the door to foreign trade, and Japan panicked.

The Tokugawa shogunate carried out the "closed door" policy in Japan, which closed Japan's door to the world. Among foreigners, only businessmen from China and the Netherlands can engage in business activities in Nagasaki, the only open port, and citizens have no freedom of belief. Under the double pressure of internal troubles and foreign invasion, the Japanese gradually realized that only by overthrowing the Tokugawa era and learning from capitalist countries is Japan's way to prosperity. So a vigorous closing movement began.

Inverted curtain movement

Meiji heavenly king

In the protests and opposition movements that took place at that time, some riots actually involved 4000 farmers, and there were various situations. There are also many ideological reform movements among samurai. "Soon, the" anti-curtain "camp grew up, including not only farmers at the bottom of society, ordinary citizens, middle and lower class fighters, but also capitalists and reformists who advocated the development of industry among emerging landlords.

Meiji reform

Emperor Meiji, who was in charge of state affairs again, made great efforts to govern and reform, and was determined to make Japan embark on the road to prosperity. [4] The new government actively introduced various systems in Europe and America, abolished vassals and set up counties. These reforms are collectively known as the Meiji Restoration. On the one hand, the new government established the state system, such as the establishment of the imperial parliament and the Constitution of the Great Japanese Empire; On the one hand, it has rapidly developed into a modern country under the impetus of the national policy of cultivating industry and strengthening military strength (making Qiang Bing a rich country).

Aggression and expansion

Japan's national strength is getting stronger and stronger. He defeated China and beiyang fleet in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 (called "Japanese-Qing War" in Japan) and annihilated the Russian Pacific Fleet and Baltic Fleet in the Russo-Japanese War, becoming one of the imperialist powers. While ensuring its international status, in 1879, it got its hands on Ryukyu Kingdom, a tributary country of the Qing Dynasty, and changed to Okinawa Prefecture. After 19 10, Korea was annexed. Culturally, Japan introduced new knowledge from Europe and America. In art, with the individualistic novels that never appeared in Japan, literature began to appear, competing with different cultures before the Edo era. Religiously, it has changed the phenomenon of the confluence of gods and Buddhists (separation of gods and Buddhists) in the past, and there has been a movement to suppress Buddhism (abolishing Buddhism and destroying Buddhism) and so on.

15, Taisho era

Taisho period (19 12-1926) is called Taisho period. Emperor Meiji died in 19 12, and Zi Jiaren succeeded to the throne, which was the Taisho era. In the first year of Taisho, the first constitutional movement (Taisho Democratic Movement) started with the fall of the army, and party politics began to appear.

In the early Taisho era, World War I took place, which was the peak of Japan's national strength since the Meiji Restoration. However, in 192 1, Emperor Taishō was regent by Prince Hirohito due to illness. A few years later, the Great Kanto Earthquake and his retreat at international conferences made Japanese society increasingly difficult.

Post-war period

16, early post-war period

1945 (20th year of Showa) On August15th, the Japanese army surrendered. The occupation of Japan by the US military turned Japan's constitutional monarchy into a virtual constitutional monarchy, and the emperor was preserved as a symbol of Japan.

17, late showa

He was elected president of the Liberal Democratic Party three times and formed a cabinet three times in a row. His tenure also surpassed that of his mentor Ji Tianmao and Meiji era Keitaro. After he announced his retirement, five members of the Liberal Democratic Party ran for the party's president, namely tanaka kakuei of Sato School, Zhengfang of Daping School, Fukuda Takeo of Futian School and Takeo Miki of Sanji School. Four of them participated in the presidential election. As a result, only Tanaka and Yasuo Fukuda were qualified, which was called the Jiaofu War in the world. Tanaka kakuei successfully wooed Daping, Miki and Nakasone (Kang Hong) to defeat Fukuda as the president to form a cabinet.

18, Heisei era

Hirohito died in Showa 64 (1989) 1.7, and Zi Mingren succeeded to the throne. He died the next day (1.8) and changed his name to Heisei Times (1.989 till now).