2. hazel, a fan of self-proclaimed singer Dong Zhen. With the word "true" as the homonym.
3, homophonic Sadako, the name of the hero of the horror movie "Midnight Ring". [Edit this paragraph] Hazelnut-Chinese name: Hazelnut Chinese pronunciation: zhēn zi Latin name: Corylus heterophylla Fisch. exBess。 Pingzhen exBess.var
English name: hazelnut
Chinese aliases: Xunzi (seeking the origin of materia medica), Pingzhen (the theory of Hebei trainee trees) and Shanli (China tree taxonomy).
Plant morphology: hazel (Book of Songs), deciduous shrub or small tree, 1 ~ 7 meters high. Leaves alternate; Broad ovoid to broad obovate, 5 ~13cm long and 4 ~ 7cm wide, with a nearly truncated top, sharp corners, rounded or heart-shaped base, irregular double serrations on the edge, hairless top and pubescent lower veins; Petiole length 1 ~ 2 cm, densely hairy; Stipules are small and fall off early. Flowers are unisexual, monoecious, and the first leaf is open; Male flower is cauliflower inflorescence, cylindrical, 5 ~ 10 cm long, each bract has 2 secondary bracts with fine hairs, sharp apex, bright purplish brown, 8 stamens and medicinal yellow; The female flower has 2 ~ 6 clustered branches, which are wrapped by scales and buds when flowering, only the style is exposed, and there are 2 red styles. Nutlets are nearly spherical, with a diameter of about 0.7 ~ 1.5 cm, light brown, leaflike or bell-shaped involucre, consisting of 1 ~ 2 bracts, and the edges are lobed, almost completely split and hairy. The flowering period is from April to May. Fruit-bearing period: September ~ 65438+ 10. Hazelnut-species Hazelnut is Corylus 1inn in betulaceae, with about 20 species in the world, which are widely distributed in temperate regions of Asia, Europe and North America. There are 9 species of Corylus americana, Corylus europaea and Corylus turkestana confirmed by academic circles, but only Corylus europaea has real edible value. There are 8 species and 2 varieties naturally distributed in China, mainly distributed in three northeastern provinces, northern provinces, Hengduan mountain area in southwest and Gansu, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia mountain areas in northwest.
1. There are 9 species and 7 varieties of hazelnuts originating in China, namely, Sichuan hazelnut, Weixi hazelnut, Spiny hazelnut, Yunnan hazelnut, Velvet hazelnut, China hazelnut, Hairy hazelnut, Flat hazelnut and Wuling hazelnut (published in 1990). Corylus heterophylla var. Dryopteris var. Corylus heterophylla var. Corylus heterophylla var. Corylus adenophora var. Mao Mao; Corylus terrestris var. brevipedunculata var. camphora; The quilt of Corylus villosa var. latifolia var. latifolia is down; Corylus spinosus var. Pi Nuo Sa. The introduced tree species include Corylus europaea (including Corylus heterophylla and Corylus purpurea), Corylus macrocarpa, Corylus acutus and so on. And cultivate a new variety of interspecific hybrid Corylus heterophylla.
2. Corylus heterophylla is widely planted in the world, mainly including Corylus heterophylla, Corylus acutus, Corylus europaea, Corylus americana, Corylus turkey and so on.
2. 1 Corylus europaea
It is the only widely cultivated tree species of Corylus. European hazelnut is native to the Mediterranean coast of Europe and central and western Asia, and is naturally distributed in Europe and western Asia. Countries with relatively developed economic cultivation include Turkey, Italy, Spain, Iran, the United States, Greece and the former Soviet Union. This species is a large shrub, naturally clustered. The plant height can reach 8 meters, and the diameter of basic branches can reach 10 cm. Leaf blade suborbicular, broadly ovoid or obovate. Fruit bracts campanulate, spreading, longer or shorter than nuts. Nuts have various shapes, such as rectangle, ellipse, cone, reddish brown or golden brown, and colored stripes. Nuts are big. The average fruit diameter 1.7 ~ 2.2 cm, single fruit weight 2 ~ 3.5 g, thin peel, 0.7 ~ 1. 1 mm, and high kernel rate, generally up to 45% ~ 60%. Nuts contain 54. 1 9/6 ~ 66.6% of fat, 0/2% ~ 20.29% of protein and 9. 1 7% ~ 1 2.29% of sugar. Nuts are delicious and nutritious, and they are excellent raw materials for nut food and food industry. European hazelnut likes warm and humid climate and neutral and slightly acidic soil. The cultivated plant height is 3 ~ 4m, with high yield, large nuts, beautiful appearance and excellent quality. Due to the above characteristics, European hazelnut is a good parent material for cultivating excellent hazelnut varieties. The results showed that Corylus heterophylla and Corylus heterophylla had good compatibility. European hazelnut has strong heritability in nut size, peel color and tree shape.
There are many varieties of hazelnut cultivated in Europe, which are widely planted all over the world, such as Lianfeng, Yifeng, Taifeng, big thin shell, Yilian and small thin shell, so I won't list them here. [Edit this paragraph] Hazelnut-distribution 1. Natural distribution:
Corylus 1inn is a nut tree species in betulaceae, with about 20 species in the world, widely distributed in temperate regions of Asia, Europe and North America. There are 8 species naturally distributed in China, mainly distributed in the three northeastern provinces, northern provinces, Hengduan mountainous areas in the southwest and mountainous areas in Gansu, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia in the northwest. There are also wild species in the Luo Xiao Mountains of Jiangxi Province.
2. Artificial cultivation
The modern cultivation of hazelnut began in 1930s, and first rose in Italy, Spain, Turkey, the United States and other countries. After the development in the 40' s and 70' s and 80' s and 90' s, the current hazelnut cultivation pattern was formed.
At present, the cultivation area of hazelnut in the world is 910.9 million mu, and the yield is about 625,900 t, with different yields in different years. Among them, Turkey ranks first in both area and output, with its cultivated area of 6.08 million mu and nut output of 446,000 t, accounting for 66 1% of the total area and 7 1.3% of the total output of hazelnuts in the world respectively. Italy ranks second, with planting area of 6.5438+0.07 million mu and output of 6.5438+0.20 million t, accounting for 654.38+0.7% and 654.38+0.9% of the world total respectively. Spain ranks third in the world, with planting area of 435,000 hm2 and output of 1.98 million t, accounting for 4.7% and 3.2% of the world total respectively. [Edit this paragraph] Hazelnut-nutritional value Hazelnut is rich in nutrition. Besides protein, fat and sugar, nuts are also rich in carotene, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2 and vitamin E; Hazelnut contains 8 kinds of amino acids needed by human body, which is much higher than that of walnut. The contents of calcium, phosphorus, iron and other trace elements in hazelnut are also higher than other nuts. In addition, it can also produce very precious wood with hard texture and beautiful color, which can be used as a material for joinery; Some varieties can be used for vegetation restoration and landscaping. Hazelnut is rich in oil (mostly unsaturated fatty acids), protein, carbohydrates, vitamins (vitamin E), minerals, sugar fiber, β -sitosterol and antioxidant carbolic acid, as well as eight amino acids and trace elements needed by human body. Therefore, it has the following characteristics:
1. Hazelnut itself is rich in oil (mostly unsaturated fatty acids), the content of which reaches 60.5%, which makes the fat-soluble vitamins contained more easily absorbed by the human body and has a good nourishing effect on people who are weak, weak after illness and prone to hunger;
2. Its vitamin E content is as high as 36%, which can effectively delay aging, prevent arteriosclerosis and moisturize skin;
3. Hazelnut contains anticancer chemical taxol, which can treat ovarian cancer, breast cancer and other cancers and prolong the life of patients;
4. Hazelnut itself has a natural aroma, which has an appetizing effect, and rich cellulose also helps digestion and prevents constipation;
5. Hazelnut also has the function of lowering cholesterol, avoiding the harm of saturated fatty acids in meat to the body and effectively preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases;
6. The content of trace elements such as magnesium, calcium and potassium in hazelnut is very high, and long-term consumption is helpful to regulate blood pressure.
7. People who work in front of the computer every day eat more hazelnuts, which has a certain health care effect on their eyesight.
8. Hazelnut contains β -sitosterol. Natural phytosterols have important physiological activities on human body, which can inhibit the absorption of cholesterol, promote the degradation and metabolism of cholesterol and inhibit the biochemical synthesis of cholesterol. It has obvious preventive and therapeutic effects on coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, ulcer, skin squamous cell carcinoma and cervical cancer. , has a strong anti-inflammatory effect. It can also be used as a blocking agent for gallstone formation. In addition, natural phytosterol has mild permeability to the skin, can maintain moisture on the skin surface, promote skin metabolism, inhibit skin inflammation and aging, prevent sunburn, and has the effects of hair growth and hair care. As a W/O emulsifier used in cream production, it has the characteristics of good use feeling (good auxiliary development, smooth and non-stick), good durability and not easy to deteriorate. The natural phytosterol contained in hazelnut has good oxidation resistance and can be used as food antioxidant and nutritional additive. It can also be used as raw material of animal growth agent to promote animal growth and improve animal health. [Edit this paragraph] Hazelnut-planting 1. Hazelnut tree garden
The flowers of hazelnut are monoecious flowers, that is, unisexual flowers, which bloom first and then leave. The male flowers are catkin inflorescences, which are inserted between the axils of the middle and upper parts of new branches, and the female flowers are head inflorescences, which are inserted in the middle and upper parts of annual branches or the top of short branches and pollinated by wind. Therefore, hazel trees should be planted with the same or similar varieties as pollination trees. Generally, three varieties are suitable for the same garden, and the ratio can be 5 ~ 6:1.
2. Temperature
Different kinds of hazelnuts need different temperatures. Ou Zhen likes warm and humid climate. Suitable for areas with average temperature 13 ~ 15℃, absolute minimum temperature-10℃ and extreme maximum temperature of 38℃. The hybrid Corylus heterophylla is colder than Corylus heterophylla, and it is suitable for cultivation in areas where the annual average temperature is 7.5 ~ 13℃ and the lowest temperature can reach -30℃.
lamplight
Hazelnut is a light-loving plant, and the annual sunshine hours are generally required to be more than 2 100 hours, otherwise flower buds will form less and the yield will be low.
4. Land
Hazelnut trees like to grow on fertile sandy loam with good ventilation, especially the flat-European hybrids have high requirements for soil, and hazelnut orchards are not suitable for dry sandy soil, cohesive soil, marshland, saline-alkali land and low-lying land. The soil pH value of Corylus heterophylla is 6.5 ~ 7.5, and that of Corylus heterophylla is 5.5 ~ 7.
cultivate
Branches of hazelnut are easy to take root, and adventitious buds are easy to germinate roots and tillers. Therefore, layering or grafting propagation is usually used to cultivate seedlings. In early spring, the annual strong sprouting branches are used for layering, and in June, the annual tender branches are used for layering. Grafting seedlings are mostly based on hazel seedlings.
6. Measures to increase production
Hazelnut is easy to drop flowers and fruits, and the rate of empty kernels is high. Main preventive measures:
① Excellent mother trees should be selected when breeding and raising seedlings;
(2) When the garden is built, pollination trees are arranged, supplemented by artificial pollination;
③ Strengthening management and adequate nutrition. [Edit this paragraph] Hazelnut-harvesting, storage, processing and market 1. The maturity of hazelnut is closely related to species, varieties and climatic conditions. Generally, it takes 147 ~ 176 days from female pollination to nut ripening. Because the nuts on the periphery and top of the same tree ripen first, and the lower part and inner chamber are late, they should be harvested in stages in production. The picked hazelnuts with bracts were fermented for 1 ~ 2 days, and then shelled with a stick to remove impurities and dried to obtain commercial hazelnuts.
2. Hazelnut storage requires low temperature, low oxygen, dryness and light avoidance. The suitable temperature is below 65438 05℃ and the relative humidity is below 60%. Otherwise, it is inedible due to fat transformation.
3. The hazelnut processing industry in China is still very backward. For example, the processing of hazelnuts in Italy is divided into five categories, and there are dozens of products, not only fried with shells, but also a variety of advanced raw materials for candy and food. With the development of food industry and the improvement of people's living standards in China, hazelnut market has broad prospects.
Hazelnut harvesting methods are divided into manual harvesting and mechanical harvesting:
1. Manual picking: hazelnut trees with shorter tree types can be picked directly by hand, together with fruit buds when picking, and then transported to the fruit pile to remove branches. The hazelnut tree with a higher tree type can try to vibrate the branches of the hazelnut tree to make the hazelnuts fall to the ground, and then collect them together; You can also wait for it to mature naturally and let the fruit fall to the ground, then pick it up and concentrate it. Generally, fruit picking is 1 time every other day. If you harvest in this way, the garden must be cleaned in advance.
2. Machine harvesting: Before harvesting, clean the garden and level the land. When harvesting, first grab the big branches of the hazelnut tree with a vibrator, shake the hazelnut off the ground, and then collect the hazelnut with an absorber. [Edit this paragraph] Hazelnut-market Hazelnut is a kind of tree species with wide uses and high economic value. According to the analysis, hazelnut contains 5 1.4%-66.4% of fat, 17.32%-25.92% of protein, 6.6% of carbohydrate, 2.8%-5.8% of water and various vitamins, minerals and amino acids. Vitamins c, e and b are dissolved in hazelnut oil. Hazelnut can be eaten raw or fried, which is not only delicious, but also high in calories. In the food industry, hazelnut is a high-quality raw material for processed foods such as chocolate, candy and cake. Hazelnut is also the raw material for extracting edible oil and various industrial oils, and its oil content is about 54%, which is 2 ~ 3 times that of soybean. Hazelnut can also be used as medicine. Oil meal can be used as feed or fertilizer, and fruit shell is the raw material for making activated carbon. Bark and bract leaves contain tannins (8.5%- 14.5%) for tanning and gum baking, and hazelnut leaves can be used to raise silkworms. Wood can be used to make walking sticks, umbrella handles and so on. Therefore, hazelnut industry will be a very promising industry. [Edit this paragraph] Hazelnut-production status A, origin and history
Corylus europaea originated from the Black Sea coast of Asia Minor and the Mediterranean coast of Europe, spread to Greece and Rome in BC, and was widely distributed as an orchard crop. Later, the cultivation of hazelnuts in Europe gradually spread to other European countries. According to historical records, the cultivation and utilization of European hazelnut has a long history. From the 3rd century BC to the 4th century BC, European hazelnut was eaten by people in the Caucasus and the Black Sea coast of the former Soviet Union and Italy. It has been cultivated in northern Turkey and the Black Sea coast of Italy for more than 1000 years. The real horticultural cultivation of hazelnut was in19th century. Its large-scale cultivated varieties are mainly from European hazel, followed by large-fruit hazel. Due to the continuous seed selection and breeding in the past hundred years, many excellent varieties have been produced and propagated asexually all over the world, and now the cultivation scope exceeds their natural distribution areas.
B. production and consumption of hazelnuts in the world
1. world hazelnut planting area and yield
The modern cultivation of hazelnut began in 1930s, and first rose in Italy, Spain, Turkey, the United States and other countries. After the development in the 40' s and 70' s and 80' s and 90' s, the current hazelnut cultivation pattern was formed. At present, the cultivation area of hazelnut in the world is 910.9 million mu, and the output is about 625,900 tons. The output varies in different years. Among them, Turkey ranks first in both area and output, with its cultivated area of 6.08 million mu and nut output of 446,000 t, accounting for 66 1% of the total area and 7 1.3% of the total output of hazelnuts in the world respectively. Italy ranks second, with planting area of 6.5438+0.07 million mu and output of 6.5438+0.20 million t, accounting for 654.38+0.7% and 654.38+0.9% of the world total respectively. Spain ranks third in the world, with planting area of 435,000 hm2 and output of 1.98 million t, accounting for 4.7% and 3.2% of the world total respectively.
2. World hazelnut trade
Hazelnut is one of the four largest nut trade products in the world. The total amount of hazelnuts exported each year is about 200,000 tons. The main exporting countries are Turkey, Italy, France, the United States, Azerbaijan, Iran, Spain and Russia. The main countries importing hazelnuts are 64 countries including Germany, Canada, Britain, China (mainland and Hongkong), Finland, Poland, Brazil, Denmark, Norway, Romania, Sweden and Argentina.
The export of hazelnuts in the world is much higher than that of hazelnuts with shells, with an annual export volume of about 183500 t. The main exporting countries are Turkey, Italy, Spain, the United States, the Netherlands and France. Its export volume accounts for 93% of the world's total hazelnut exports, with a total export value of 570 million US dollars.
C. overview of major producing countries
At present, the cultivation technology of hazelnut in the main producing countries in the world is advanced, and intensive cultivation has basically been realized. Select excellent varieties, configure pollinated trees to build gardens, and fully mechanize soil preparation, soil tillage, pesticide spraying, fertilization, irrigation, mowing, harvesting and post-harvest treatment, and realize scientific fertilization through nutritional diagnosis. Therefore, the yield and quality of hazelnut are greatly improved, the production cost is greatly reduced, and growers get better benefits. Therefore, hazelnut cultivation has developed steadily in major producing countries.
1. Turkey
Turkey is the largest hazelnut producer in the world, with a cultivation history of over 1000 years. At present, hazelnuts are grown in 30 of Turkey's 67 provinces. It is mainly distributed in northern Turkey, a narrow strip 25 kilometers wide along the Black Sea coast, and vertically distributed below 750 meters above sea level. Hazelnut, hazelnut kernel and their processed products are one of the important export materials of Turkey. Hazelnut production plays an important role in the national economy and people's life, and is known as the "national treasure".
Turkey's bonzi cultivation mainly has the following characteristics:
(1) The improved variety of Corylus heterophylla is high, accounting for more than 70% of the cultivated area. The main varieties are Temple, Swerie, Perez, InSeikkala, etc. Among them, the first two species account for 70% of the national cultivation area, and perazdo is used as a pollination variety.
(2) Select suitable climatic conditions and topographical soil conditions for cultivation. Turkey hazelnut planting area is below 500m above sea level, with mild climate, warm in winter and cool in summer, annual precipitation of 700-300mm and fertile soil, which is suitable for hazelnut growth and fruiting.
(3) The main management items of cultivation techniques are pruning, fertilization and pruning, with less pests and diseases. Trees are mainly in the form of many dry clumps, and harvesting is mainly by hand. The mechanization of production process is not high, and the output per unit area is low. The national average yield per hectare is1.1t.
(4) Hazelnut research institutions are mainly engaged in seed selection and hybrid breeding research, mainly selecting higher-level varieties. At present, it has bred an excellent variety Carl Gyerak. Its nut diameter is more than 20 mm, the single fruit weighs 2.8 g, and the kernel rate reaches 50%. This is an excellent variety with big fruit.
(5) The production of hazelnut in Turkey has been standardized, and the standards of hazelnut kernel and hazelnut fruit have been formulated and implemented nationwide.
2. Italy
Hazelnut has been planted in Italy for more than 1000 years. However, the adoption of modern horticultural cultivation began in the 1920s, and experienced a great development period from 1950s to 1970s, forming the current cultivation pattern.
The cultivated area in Italy is 6.5438+0.07 million mu, and the annual output is 654.38+0.202 million t (654.38+0.996).
Cultivation characteristics of Italian hazelnut;
(1) The degree of improved varieties is high, and more than 90% of them are commercialized in China.
(2) The planting density of Italian hazelnut with advanced cultivation technology was gradually shortened from 7m×7m and 8m×8m, and the planting density was increased. Even in fertile soil conditions, advanced farms use 4m×4m and 3m×5m spacing. In the tree form, it used to be a cluster with few stems (large spacing between plants), but now the densely planted gardens adopt a single-stem tree form. At present, hazelnuts are cultivated in Italy, and clumps (3 ~ 5 stems) and single stems coexist. In fertilization technology, based on nutritional diagnosis, that is, leaf analysis and soil analysis are carried out to determine the fertilization ratio, and fertilization is scientific and reasonable. Pay special attention to the proportion of N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus) and K (potassium) and the application of trace elements such as Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium) and B (boron). Thanks to the above advanced cultivation techniques, the average output of hazelnuts in China ranks among the best in the world.
(3) Italian gardens are highly mechanized, and mechanical digging is adopted. Soil preparation, fertilization, soil cultivation, spraying and mowing are all mechanized, and irrigation and fertilization are all automated. More advanced farm harvesting and post-harvest fruit processing processes have been mechanized and automated.
(4) Advanced hazelnut processing and hazelnut food processing Italian hazelnuts are collected and transported to the processing plant, and the whole process from hulling, cleaning, grading, baking to warehousing is mechanized and automated. Hazelnut food processing industry is the most advanced in the world, with hundreds of varieties such as "rock chocolate" ball series, hazelnut dessert series, hazelnut chocolate sauce series and hazelnut ice cream series, which are very famous in Europe and have considerable economic benefits.
3. America
The production of hazelnuts in the United States began in 1885 when European hazelnuts were introduced to the United States, with a history of more than 100 years. There is still a 70-year-old hazelnut tree cultivation garden in the United States. 90% of hazelnuts in the United States are planted in Oregon on the west coast of the United States. Because the climatic conditions are similar to those in the Mediterranean region of Europe, hazelnut planting has gradually developed. American hazelnut cultivation technology is advanced. For example, Oregon cultivation gardens in the main producing areas are mostly located on flat and gentle slopes with fertile soil. The cultivation methods are mostly square or rectangular, which is convenient for mechanized operation. Its planting density has developed from large crown sparse planting to small crown dense planting. For example, the row spacing of cultivation gardens in the 1920s and 1930s was 9m, and now it is 5.5m× 3m. In fertilization, according to nutritional diagnosis, different kinds of fertilizers are applied in a targeted manner to ensure the nutrients needed for the growth and development of trees. Most operations, such as pest control, farming, fertilization, irrigation and harvesting, are mechanized, and manual operations are rarely used. In seedling propagation, asexual propagation is adopted, and many farms and nurseries have established large-scale propagation nurseries. Its propagation mode is vertical layering method, with plant spacing 1 ~ 2m and row spacing of 4 m. Many new branches produced by trees every year are used for layering propagation.
D China hazelnut research and production status []
The research on China hazelnut began in the early 1960s. Professor Zhang Yuming of Shenyang Agricultural University and others investigated the species, types, morphology and ecology of wild hazelnuts in Northeast China. The Institute of Specialty of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Institute of Forestry Science of Heilongjiang Province respectively studied the natural types of wild Corylus heterophylla in Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province. The Institute of Forestry Soil of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Forestry Science of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region investigated the ecological and biological characteristics of Corylus heterophylla. In view of the weaknesses of Corylus heterophylla, such as small size, thick shell, low kernel yield and low yield, in the 1970s, Liaoning Economic Forest Research Institute carried out research on introduction and seed selection of Corylus heterophylla. However, because the introduced Corylus heterophylla can't adapt to the cold climate in Northeast China, the interspecific hybrid breeding of Corylus heterophylla and Corylus heterophylla was carried out in 1980, and the superior lines of interspecific hybrid between Corylus heterophylla and Corylus heterophylla with large fruit, high yield, strong cold resistance and good nut quality were selected from 1996 to 1999. This provides excellent variety resources for hazelnut production from wild to cultivation in China. [Edit this paragraph] Hazelnut-edible 1. Efficacy:
Hazelnut is rich in oil, which is beneficial to the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins by human body and has a good nourishing effect on people who are weak, weak after illness and prone to hunger. Hazelnut has a natural aroma, and the more you chew it, the more fragrant it is, and it has an appetizing effect. Hazelnut contains paclitaxel, an anticancer chemical, which is the active ingredient in paclitaxel. This medicine can treat ovarian cancer, breast cancer and other cancers, and prolong the life span of patients. Chinese medicine believes that hazelnut has the effects of invigorating spleen and stomach, benefiting qi and improving eyesight, and promoting circulation, and is quite beneficial to the symptoms of deficiency of lung and kidney such as thirst, night sweats and nocturia.
2. Applicable people:
Most people can eat it. It is also a nut tonic suitable for cancer and diabetes patients.
3. Precautions:
It is not suitable for eating if it is stored for a long time; Hazelnut is rich in oil, and people with serious gallbladder function should eat it carefully; It is advisable to take 20 capsules each time.
4. Practical recipes:
Hazelnut porridge
Dish name hazelnut porridge
All the cuisines they belong to
Features Yiqi Li, wide stomach. Can be used for treating diarrhea and warming middle warmer caused by spleen and stomach qi deficiency.
raw material
No matter how many hazelnuts there are, 50g of japonica rice and 50g of honey, a little from Jizhong New Edition.
manufacturing process
Peeling hazelnuts with water, filtering with water mill to get juice, and cooking with japonica rice into porridge. Usage: Mix honey when eating, especially for long-term consumption.
Fried hazelnut kernel
Ingredients: hazelnut kernel100g.
Seasoning: salt, raw oil.
Method:
Removing impurities from hazelnut kernels, washing and drying, and pickling with salt water. For a few hours, take out the drained water and put it in.
Deep-fry in oil until golden brown, and take out.
Press: Fried hazelnut kernel is rich in protein, fat, sugar and other nutrients, with
The effect of promoting fluid production and moistening throat. It is suitable for quenching thirst, dysentery and other diseases.
Special hazelnut sauce
Ingredients: cooked hazelnut, chicken leg meat
Accessories: honey beans, cucumbers, eggs and peanuts.
Seasoning: onion, ginger, garlic, salt, soy sauce, starch, cooking oil, oyster sauce, cooking wine, sesame oil and sugar.
Method:
1. pulverize hazelnut and peanut, add Chili oil and salt to make sauce;
2. Dice the chicken leg, add chicken essence, egg white, salt and water starch and marinate for a while;
3. Put oil in the pot, add onion, ginger and garlic until fragrant, add diced chicken and stir-fry until it becomes discolored, add sauce, salt, sugar, cooking wine, oyster sauce, soy sauce and chicken essence, add cooked hazelnut, honey beans and diced cucumber, add sesame oil, thicken and stir-fry evenly, and take out the pot.
Features: hazelnut is a kind of nutritious and delicious nut, which is made into meat sauce with other ingredients, thick and delicious. [Edit this paragraph] It is suitable for people and can be used by the general population.
1. Suitable for people with diet loss, fatigue, dizziness, emaciation, cancer and diabetes;
2. Hazelnut is rich in oil, and people with serious gallbladder function should eat it carefully. [Edit this paragraph] Corylus heterophylla is a shrub or small arbor plant in betulaceae, and its seeds have therapeutic value. Also known as scorpion and mountain chestnut. Distributed in Northeast China, North China, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places. Harvest ripe fruits in autumn. Used to remove involucre and shell.
Sweet and flat in nature. It can invigorate the spleen and qi, astringe the intestines and stop diarrhea. "Kaibao Materia Medica" says that it can "replenish qi, strengthen the stomach, make people not hungry and exercise." So the performance is very similar to that of chestnuts. But it is rarely used as a medicine for tonifying kidney and strengthening waist. Can be used for treating spleen and stomach weakness, anorexia and asthenia, and diarrhea in loose stool. Used alone or in combination with Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Chestnut. Both raw food and cooked food are acceptable. But cooked food is better.
1. Softening blood vessels and promoting cholesterol metabolism Hazelnut is rich in fat, mainly unsaturated fatty acids that the human body cannot synthesize. On the one hand, it can promote cholesterol metabolism, on the other hand, it can soften blood vessels and maintain the health of capillaries, thus preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis.
2. Keep fit and promote growth and development. The phosphorus content of hazelnut is the first of all fruits. Phosphorus is the main component of human bones and teeth. In addition, the content of potassium and iron in hazelnut is also among the best, which is very beneficial to enhance physical fitness, anti-fatigue and prevent aging. Eating hazelnuts regularly is beneficial to the healthy development of children.
3. Improving eyesight and brain, enhancing memory Hazelnut is rich in vitamin A source, B 1, B2 and nicotinic acid, which is beneficial to maintaining normal vision, normal growth of epithelial cells and health of nervous system, promoting digestive system function, stimulating appetite, improving memory and preventing aging.