As far as I know, there are many treatments for nonunion. Although bone grafting is faster and more effective than other methods, it is not necessary for nonunion. Moreover, for growing children, people with unequal legs, or people with more callus at the broken end of the fracture, but the fracture line is still clear, blind bone grafting will lead to adverse results such as unequal legs.

Only patients with large fracture defects and severe sclerosis at the fracture end are suitable for bone grafting. Bone grafting must go to a professional hospital and choose suitable materials (autologous bone is recommended) to reduce rejection to a greater extent.

In addition, premature exercise should be avoided after bone grafting to create greater possibilities for healing.

For people who are not suitable for bone grafting, on the basis of elastic fixation with good stability at the broken bone end, controlled gradual and timely loading is an effective mechanical stimulation method to promote bone healing, or low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, electrical stimulation therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) stimulation, bone marrow transplantation, growth factor injection, internal fixation, pressurized external fixation and other methods are used for treatment and improvement. As long as the stability of the fracture end is maintained, the local blood supply is restored, the bone defect is filled, and osteogenesis is promoted, no matter surgical treatment or conservative treatment, a suitable biomechanical environment can be generated at the fracture end, which is beneficial to fracture healing. Coupled with self-discipline and management, we can often achieve good results.