Without stilling basin, the height of steps should be less than 600mm, and the height-width ratio of each step should be coordinated with the original ground slope.

The bottom of the cascade ditch is stepped and the water flow is waterfall. There are two kinds of falling water: natural falling water and artificial falling water. Artificial falling water is mainly used to reduce the impact of falling into the water from a height.

Falling into the water is a kind of garden waterscape (running water) project: generally speaking, waterfall refers to the natural falling water landscape, which is mostly combined with rockeries and streams; Falling water refers to a regular landscape form of falling water, which is mostly combined with buildings, landscape walls and retaining walls. Waterfalls and falling water show the beauty of falling water. The beauty of waterfalls is primitive, natural and wild, which is more suitable for natural landscape gardens; Falling into the water is more beautiful in form and technology, and its neat form is more suitable for simple and lively modern gardens and urban environment.

According to the size of the drop, the falling water can be divided into single-stage falling water and multi-stage falling water. Masonry and concrete builders account for the majority.

The design of falling water should try to make the upstream water level unaffected, flow smoothly and fully dissipate energy in the downstream. To this end:

The inlet section of (1) is symmetrical to the left and right, with enough length to make the water flow gradually shrink, and the flow distribution per unit width is even.

(2) Control the type and size of the gap to ensure that backwater or a small amount of precipitation does not occur in the upstream channel when the water flows through all levels.

(3) In order to avoid downstream scouring, according to the specific situation of upstream and downstream connection, economic and reasonable energy dissipation measures are adopted. In order to prevent the outflow from scouring the downstream river, a certain length of connecting masonry section is set between the stilling basin and the downstream river to adjust the flow velocity and smooth the flow pattern.