Dietary custom is one of the concrete manifestations of social civilization. In the long-term practice, every nation has its own set of standardized food etiquette as the code of conduct for every member of society. China is an ancient civilization with thousands of years of customs, which is particularly prominent in people's diet activities. It can be said that the dietary etiquette in China is consistent from top to bottom: in the history of China for thousands of years, etiquette has always been the core of people's code of conduct, with the characteristics of all cultural phenomena in China. People in China value human feelings, and food etiquette is one of the most humanized contents in China society. "The Book of Rites" says: "The ceremony begins with the ceremony, and all kinds of food and drink begin", and expounds the reasons why the etiquette system and customs and habits began with food and drink activities. Confucius said in The Book of Rites, "It is reasonable to be polite." The ceremony in Confucius' era actually refers to a social order and a specific code of conduct. Dietary rituals embodied in dietary activities refer to dietary norms. This norm is of course a social norm that transcends individual behavior and requires individuals as members of society to abide by it together. "At the beginning of husband ceremony, all kinds of food begin", and at the beginning of human eating activities, food ceremony began to form gradually. The food ceremony is solemn in the activities of offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods, and orderly in the feasts of the children of the monarch and ministers. Food ceremony is the basis of all etiquette systems, and catering activities run through almost all etiquette activities. In China, according to the literature, at the latest in the Zhou Dynasty, food etiquette has formed a fairly perfect system. These dietary etiquette have been continuously improved in later social practice, played an important role in ancient society, still have an impact on modern society, and become an important code of conduct in civilized times. Zhou Li was praised by Confucius. As one of the core contents of Zhou Li, Confucius also practiced this point. Gifts come from diet, and at the same time, dietary activities are strictly restricted. Not only pay attention to food specifications, but also have rules for the placement of dishes. "Book of Rites Quli" says: "Anyone who goes against the ritual of eating will have leftovers, leftovers and soup." That is to say, whenever a simple meal is displayed, the dishes with bones are placed on the left and the cut pure meat is placed on the right; Dry food and vegetables are on people's left hand side and soup is on their right hand side. This set of rules is recorded in detail in the Book of Rites. Hold it with your right hand and your left hand when serving. When serving fish dishes, if you cook fish, face the guests with the fish tail; In winter, the fish belly faces the right side of the guest, and in summer, the fish ridge faces the right side of the guest. In ancient China, there were strict dietary etiquette requirements for eating rice and vegetables. "Book of Rites Quli" is very detailed: when eating with people, check the cleanliness of your hands; Don't rub rice balls with your hands, don't put extra rice in the pot, don't get your mouth wet, don't eat loudly, don't chew bones, don't put bitten fish back in the bowl, and don't throw meat bones to dogs. Don't stick to food, don't fan hot rice, eat rice with your hands instead of chopsticks, don't gulp thirsty soup, and don't mix vegetable soup in front of your host; Don't pick your teeth in public, and don't drink marinade. If a guest is mixing soup, the host will apologize and say that this dish is not good to cook; If the guest drinks pickles, the host should also apologize and say that the prepared dishes are not enough; Wet and soft meat can be bitten off with teeth, and dry meat has to be divided by hand; Don't chew with barbecue. After eating, the guests should get up and clean up the pickles on the table and give them to the host of the next service. The host will get up and tell the guests not to work, and then the guests will sit down. If you are eating with your elders, you should pay more attention to the rules. You should serve your elders first, and then eat by yourself. You can't stop until your elders have finished eating. Don't fill the table with rice and soup. Eat small bites, swallow quickly, chew quickly, and don't leave food between your cheeks. At the same time, we should also pay attention to: "use wooden clips for vegetables in the soup, and do not use wooden clips for those without vegetables." If it is between monarch and minister, we should pay attention to the ceremony of resignation negotiation. Usually, the host sacrifices first, and the guest sacrifices later. If you give me food, I don't have to sacrifice it. If you treat me with courtesy, I will sacrifice, but I must serve you first, and then I will sacrifice. After serving, the courtiers waiting for dinner should taste all the flavors, then stop drinking and wait for the monarch to start eating. When you eat vegetables, you should use nearby vegetables first, start from nearby and then gradually go far away. Don't be too greedy. The purpose of a set of catering etiquette in China is to cultivate people's spirit of "staying at a respectful distance from others", requiring people from different social classes to engage in catering activities in an orderly manner in accordance with the provisions of etiquette, ensuring politeness from top to bottom, and achieving a lifestyle of "no distinction between high and low". This set of food etiquette has a great influence on later generations. Due to the needs of daily life and communication, the etiquette in diet life has been further fixed and has been used ever since. Among the numerous food etiquette in China, the banquet ceremony can be said to be the most concentrated and representative. In the traditional ancient banquet etiquette of the Han nationality, the general procedure is that the host will invite guests at the door; When the guests arrive, they greet each other, sit in the living room and provide tea, cigarettes and snacks. Guide the guests to the table, with the left as the top and the chief. Among the seats, the first seat is on the left, two are opposite, three are under the first seat and four are under the second seat. When the guests are seated, the host toasts and dishes, and the guests thank each other with gifts. After the banquet, guide the guests into the living room, offer tea and go down to the ground to say goodbye. At the banquet, there are certain rules for serving wine. The modern standard procedure is: pour the wine on the right side of the guest, the guest first and then the host; Female guests first, then male guests. Pour eight cents of wine, not too full. Cold first and then hot, and hot dishes should be placed on the left side of the seat opposite the guest of honor; When serving single dishes or side dishes, order first, then dim sum first; When serving plastic dishes such as whole chicken, whole duck and whole fish, you can't put your head and tail in the right position. The formation of this banquet ceremony has a long historical process. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, there were already modern programs. Western food and western etiquette were introduced into the Qing dynasty, which brought some impact to our inherent eating customs. There are similarities and differences between eastern and western cultures, and food culture is no exception. After the introduction of western food, its reasonable and hygienic eating methods were also introduced into Chinese banquets. For example, the * * * meal system has been widely used in higher-level banquets of Chinese food. Although this kind of food etiquette was very popular in ancient China, what we are doing now is really inspired by western food, and the exchange of Chinese and western food culture is best reflected here. In ancient formal banquets, the seating arrangement and banquet ceremony were very serious, and sometimes they seemed quite serious. Sometimes emperors of past dynasties wrote letters to purge, and they were not allowed to act casually. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, a ritual reform was mainly carried out around the banquet ceremony. Our current grand state banquet is to indicate the name and seat number of the invited person on the invitation, which is simple and clear. As long as you sit according to the number of seats, you generally won't make mistakes. In ancient times, the etiquette of eating became more and more complicated, which reflected that the hierarchical system in ancient China was very strict, and eating was an activity dominated by strict social norms. With the development of history, some etiquette has been eliminated, while others have been updated. But on the whole, China's food etiquette is very particular, and of course there are some shortcomings of red tape. However, it is absolutely necessary for us to pay attention to food etiquette today, get rid of complicated etiquette and promote food etiquette suitable for social spiritual civilization, which is what we should vigorously advocate. This is also a side reflection of the degree of civilization of a person, a nation and even a country, and it is a very important aspect. Dietary customs are an important part of folk customs, and traditional seasonal dietary customs are the concentrated expression of national dietary customs. In China, from the beginning of the year to the end of the year, the traditional festivals around the world are almost continuous and colorful. These festivals, which are full of social significance, life interest and seasonal characteristics, all have different contents, eating habits and celebration methods. Through these dietary customs, we can understand people's preferences, fashions, habits and their connotations, and it is of special significance to study China's traditional dietary culture from the perspective of folklore. Almost all kinds of festivals in Han nationality have corresponding special foods and customs. For example, on the New Year's Eve of the Spring Festival, every household in the north has the habit of wrapping jiaozi, which symbolizes the meaning and wishes of family reunion and family well-being; However, the custom of playing and eating rice cakes is prevalent in all parts of the south of the Yangtze River, which implies the good wishes of family and everyone, and hopes that their life will be "high" step by step (cake). In addition, fish is often necessary for families in many areas of the Han nationality to celebrate the New Year, which symbolizes "more than one year". Most of the food and drinks in Lantern Festival are "reunion", including jiaozi and glutinous rice balls. Different customs have caused some differences. For example, people in Northeast China like to eat frozen fruits and fish on Lantern Festival. Guangdong's Lantern Festival likes to "steal" lettuce and mix it in cakes for good luck. The custom of eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival is endowed with profound cultural significance, which combines the patriotic spirit of deeply remembering the outstanding poet Qu Yuan with strong local feelings and has been passed down for thousands of years. Dragon Boat Festival realgar wine combines the health care function with the psychological function of belief, and becomes an auspicious drink that can repel insects and evil spirits. Moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival, corresponding to the full moon of natural phenomena, contain blessings for family reunion and personnel harmony. Moon cakes have become a symbol of natural landscape and have been endowed with strong cultural significance. The Double Ninth Festival is also called "Respect for the Elderly" or "Festival for the Elderly". Most of the food in the Double Ninth Festival is dedicated to the elderly, eating flower cakes and crabs, and eating mutton and dog meat in some places; Blessing the elderly, avoiding evil and disasters, and praying for health are the themes of the Double Ninth Festival, among which the ceremony is the most important.