History of Jinan

Jinan is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization. More than 10 cultural sites of the Xihe type (8400-7300 years ago) marked by reddish-brown pottery have been found in Jinan. . It has been a place where Yi people have gathered since ancient times. It is within the Taishan cultural circle and gave birth to Dongyi culture. Chengziya in the eastern suburbs of Jinan is the discovery site of the Longshan Culture (4600-4000 years ago) marked by black pottery in the late Neolithic Age in China. The oldest city site in China of about 200,000 square meters was discovered here. It shows that the history of Jinan as a city is more than 4,000 years. At that time, there was a primitive tribe leader in China, Shun, who was born and lived in Jinan. Times are changing, Jinan is developing, and vivid and touching stories have been and are being staged on this land. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, Jinan was the territory of the Gutan Kingdom. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Jinan belonged to the State of Qi. The famous battle between Qi and Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period took place in the Ma'anshan area in the northern suburbs of Jinan City today.

After Qin Shihuang unified the world, he established a system of prefectures and counties. The urban area of ??Jinan today belongs to Jibei County and is called Lixiayi. In the early Han Dynasty, Jinan County was established, which was the beginning of the emergence of the name "Jinan". In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was the Kingdom of Jinan. During the reign of Emperor Ling, Cao Cao served as Prime Minister of Jinan. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, dynasties changed frequently, and Jinan was often in war. During this period, Buddhism flourished in Jinan, with Langgong Temple in Liubu, Licheng County as the center, forming a prosperous place for Buddhism in Shandong. During the Yongjia period of Jin Dynasty (307-312 AD), Jinan County was moved from Dongpingling to Licheng. Since then, Licheng has become the political center of Jinan region. In the third year of Emperor Wen's reign (583) of the Sui Dynasty, Jinan County was renamed Qizhou, with jurisdiction over 10 counties including Licheng, and the seat of government was still in Licheng. After the founding of the Song Dynasty, Jinan was called Qizhou. In the sixth year of Zhenghe's reign (1116), Huizong promoted the state to the prefecture, and Qizhou became the Jinan prefecture. In the Jin Dynasty, Jinan was still a prefecture and belonged to Shandong East Road. At this time, the Xiaoqing River was dug in the north of the city, leading directly to the sea, making Jinan an important salt transportation distribution center. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jinan was a road, which belonged to the "inner area" of the Yuan Dynasty and was directly under the jurisdiction of Zhongshu Province. In the early Ming Dynasty, Jinan governed 26 counties including Tai'an and Dezhou. In the ninth year of Hongwu's reign, Shandong's highest administrative organ, the "Department of Administrative Envoys," moved from Qingzhou to Jinan. At this point, Jinan became the capital of Shandong Province. During the Qing Dynasty, Jinan was still governed by Shandong Province.

In 1897, German imperialism invaded and occupied Jiaozhou Bay, and later forcibly built the Jiaoji Road, which ran directly from Jiaoao (today's Qingdao) to Jinan. In 1904, Jinan opened its own commercial port. At the end of 1911, the Jinan-Puzhou Railway Yellow River Bridge was completed and opened to traffic, making Jinan a north-south transportation hub. Before and after, Germany, Japan, Britain and other countries successively set up consulates in Jinan, opened banks, shops, churches, schools, hospitals, etc. Jinan then became one of the main footholds for imperialism to invade China.

In May 1949, it was renamed Jinan. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jinan entered a new era of socialism. Since then, Jinan's development has opened a new page.

Jinan City has a long history and is a famous historical and cultural city announced by the State Council. As far back as 9,000 years ago in the early Neolithic Age, ancestors were already living here. The "Longshan Culture" dating back four to five thousand years was named after it was first discovered in 1928 in Longshan Town, the eastern suburbs of Jinan. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Qi built a city here. It's called Luoyi. Later, Qi State changed Luoyi to Lixia. In the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Jibei County. In the sixteenth year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty (164 BC), Jinan was subordinated to the Kingdom of Jinan, and its capital was located in Dongpingling City. At the end of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty (313 years ago), the capital of Jinan was moved from Dongpingling City to Licheng. Since then, today's urban area of ??Jinan has become the administrative center of counties and state capitals in the past dynasties. The name "Jinan" comes from the fact that the city is located south of the ancient Jishui River (the old road is occupied by the present-day Yellow River). By the Tang Dynasty, the economy in this area was already quite prosperous. According to Licheng County Chronicles: "Qin Qiong of the Tang Dynasty was a native of Jinan. He had been smelting iron for generations and was known as the 'Qin Family of Iron Casting'". In the sixth year of Emperor Huizong's reign in the Song Dynasty, Jinan County was renamed "Jinan Prefecture", with the capital located in Licheng. During the Yuan Dynasty, Marco Polo once described the prosperity of Jinan as "the gardens are beautiful and pleasing to the eye, and the silk production is incredible." At that time, Licheng had become a national tourist attraction. In the Ming Dynasty, Jinan began to become the capital of Shandong Province and remained there until the Qing Dynasty. In July 1929, Jinan City was officially established, with an area of ??175 square kilometers and a population of more than 400,000. In September 1948, the East China Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army liberated Jinan and established Jinan Special City. In May 1949, it was renamed Jinan City. In February 1994, Jinan City was officially designated as a sub-provincial city.

Jinan is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization. In ancient times, there was a primitive tribal leader in China - Shun (about 22nd century BC) who was born and lived in Jinan. More than 10 cultural sites of the Xihe type (8400-7300 years ago) marked by reddish-brown pottery have been found in the territory. Chengziya in the eastern suburbs of Jinan is the discovery site of the Longshan Culture (4600-4000 years ago) marked by black pottery in the late Neolithic Age in China. The oldest city site in China of about 200,000 square meters was discovered here. It shows that the history of Jinan as a city is more than 4000-5000 years.

Jinan has many cultural relics and historic sites, including the Shun Culture Site (22nd century BC), Shun Geng Mountain, Shun Well, Eying River, Shun Temple, and the Qi Great Wall (3rd century BC), which preceded the Qin Great Wall, and is the oldest ground-level house building in China. ——The Guo Family Tomb Stone Temple on Xiaotang Mountain in the Han Dynasty (1st century BC), the oldest stone pagoda in China - the Four Gate Pagoda of Liubu in the Sui Dynasty (7th century AD) and the Lingyan Temple known as "the first famous sculpture in the country" Painted sculpture of Arhat from the Song Dynasty (11th century AD), etc.

In the long history of the splendid culture of the Chinese nation, Quancheng culture has its outstanding status and has made significant contributions to the motherland and mankind. Zou Yan (a native of Zhangqiu, Jinan today), a great thinker of the Qi State during the Warring States Period, founded the Yin-Yang and Five Elements theory and was a famous scholar of the Jixia School; Bian Que (a native of Changqing, Jinan today), who was proficient in internal medicine, gynecology, facial features, and pediatrics, founded He is one of the founders of Chinese medicine based on the diagnostic methods of looking, smelling, asking, and cutting.

In the early Han Dynasty, Jinan County was established, which was the beginning of the emergence of the name "Jinan". Jinan County was established in Pinling City, Zhangqiu, Jinan City today. During the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Dr. Fu Sheng of Qin (now a native of Jinan City), who was over ninety years old, dictated twenty-eight chapters of the modern text "Shang Shu", so that it could be passed down to future generations. The Eastern Han Dynasty was the Kingdom of Jinan. During the reign of Emperor Ling, Cao Cao served as the Prime Minister of Jinan and achieved considerable political achievements.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Buddhism was very prosperous in Jinan. The eminent monk Yijing of the Tang Dynasty (now a native of Changqing, Jinan), followed Xuanzang and went to India to learn Buddhist scriptures. He translated more than 100 Buddhist scriptures and made significant contributions to cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. contribute. Fang Xuanling (a native of Jinan City today) and Qin Qiong (a native of Zhonggong, Jinan City today) of the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907) were both the founding fathers of the Tang Dynasty!

After the founding of the Song Dynasty, the society of Jinan, known as Qizhou, was relatively stable for a long time, giving Jinan a scene of peace and prosperity. The famous poet Huang Tingjian once praised Jinan's lakes and mountains with the poem "Jinan is as chic as the south of the Yangtze River". When Zeng Gong was appointed as the magistrate of Qizhou, he not only worked hard but also visited the scenic spots. Everywhere he visited, he wrote poems and articles, adding color to Jinan's landscape. At the turn of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties, "Er'an" in Jinan became famous in the literary world one after another: the female poet Li Qingzhao (also known as Yi'an, who was born in Changqing, Jinan today) was known for her sincere lyrics, profound meaning and new language, and her unique artistic style. It is a sect of the "Graceful School". The early poems mainly describe the lives of girls and young women, and mostly write about the relationship between girls and women, revealing her yearning for love life and the pain of separation and lovesickness. Her later poems mostly lamented her life experience, and sometimes revealed her nostalgia for the Central Plains to express her patriotism. Li Qingzhao's literary creation has a distinctive and unique artistic style. He ranks first in the graceful school and has a greater influence on later generations. He is unique in the CI world and is called "Yi'an style". Nowadays, Li Qingzhao Memorial Hall has been established beside Shuyu Spring in Baotu Spring Park and Baimai Spring in Zhangqiu; A national hero who was instrumental in the reunification of the country, he was also a prolific litterateur. His poems were generous and tragic, with strong writing power. He wrote "Jiaxuan's Long and Short Sentences", "Jiaxuan's Ci", etc. Nowadays, there is Xin Jiaxuan Memorial Temple built in the west of Daming Lake Neiyuan, which is called "Su Xin" together with Su Shi.

Du Renjie (now a native of Jinan City), a famous Sanqu writer in the Jin Dynasty, was erudite and talented, and was good at poetry and prose. He traveled to Jinan many times with the writer Yuan Haowen. After Yuan Haowen traveled around Jinan's landscape, he wrote words of praise such as "I envy the beautiful scenery of Jinan" and "I will always be a Jinan native". In the Yuan Dynasty, Jinan's literary style became more and more prosperous. Famous people include Zhang Qiyan, the chief official of the official histories of the Song, Liao and Jin dynasties. In addition, the Sanqu writer Zhang Yanghao (now from Jinan City) was extremely accomplished in Sanqu. The Sanqu in the Yuan Dynasty reached its peak with him. The calligrapher and painter Zhao Mengzhao served as the general manager of Tongzhi Jinan Road in the Yuan Dynasty. During his three years in office, he left many poems and paintings. The most famous one is the painting "Autumn Colors of Magpies", which has become a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation. The geographer Yu Qin also served as an official in Jinan. He visited the mountains and rivers, visited old friends, inspected the local customs and customs of Qi, and completed the famous local chronicle "Qi Cheng".

In the early Ming Dynasty, Shandong Province was established, and Jinan became the capital of Shandong. From then on, Jinan became the political center of Shandong. Bian Gong (now a native of Licheng, Jinan), one of the famous "first seven sons" in the literary world of the Ming Dynasty, was famous for his fresh and graceful, plain and simple, elegant and elegant poems, which had a great influence on the literary world of the Ming Dynasty; the famous drama writer Li Kaixian (now a native of Licheng, Jinan) Jinan Zhangqiu), there are "Swords" and other handed down; the famous Qing Dynasty scholar Zhou Yongnian (now Jinan Licheng) is one of the main compilers of "Sikuquanshu".

During the Republic of China, Jinan City was established. Wang Jinmei, a student of Shandong Provincial No. 1 Normal School, Deng Enming, a student of Shandong Provincial No. 1 Middle School, and others established the Communist Society and established a communist group, becoming one of the earliest communist organizations in China. . Wang Jinmei and Deng Enming also participated in the National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in Shanghai on behalf of the Jinan Communist Group.

Jinan History

Jinan is an ancient city with a long history. In December 1986, it was announced as a national historical and cultural city by the State Council.

Archaeological excavations have proven that there were traces of human activities in the Jinan area as early as the early Neolithic Age 8,000 to 9,000 years ago. At present, about seven or eight sites from this period have been discovered in the province, including There are 4 places in Zhangqiu, Jinan alone. Eight sites of the Beixin Culture period dating back 7,300 to 6,100 years ago have been discovered in the territory, making them the most densely distributed in Shandong Province.

In the subsequent Dawenkou Culture period (6100-4600 years ago), ancestors from all over the world had more frequent activities in Jinan, leaving behind a large number of sites that are widely distributed, among which Zhangqiu Wangguan and Jiaojia in Changqing, Daliuhang in Changqing, Zhouhe in Pingyin, etc. are rich in connotation and vast in area. In the same vein as Dawenkou Culture is Shandong Longshan Culture (4600-4000 years ago). The Longshan Culture was first discovered in 1928 at Chengziya, Longshan Town, Zhangqiu, and was named. Through further excavation of the Chengziya site, it was discovered that during the Longshan Culture period, there was a city site covering an area of ??200,000 square meters, ranking first among the eight city sites of the same period that have been discovered in the country. In 1961, the State Council announced the Chengziya site as a national key cultural relic protection unit. The Yue Shi Culture (3900-3500 years ago) is a Yi culture developed in Shandong after the Longshan Culture. At present, dozens of ruins from this period have been discovered in Jinan, among which Zhangqiu County has the largest number. The Chengziya ruins are still the most important ruins from this period. Within the Longshan Cultural City Site on the site, there is the Yueshi Cultural City Site with an area of ??about 170,000 square meters. This is the first Xia Dynasty city site discovered and identified in China. In the Shang Dynasty, which had entered a slave society, social productivity was highly developed. In the Chengziya area, Tan State was established. After the founding of the Western Zhou Dynasty, a feudal system was implemented, and the Jinan area belonged to the State of Qi. At this time, the state of Tan continued to exist. The Book of Songs, China's first collection of poetry, contains the satirical poem "Dadong" written by a doctor in the state of Tan, which is the earliest extant document about Jinan.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, great social changes occurred, and slave society began to transition to feudal society. At this time, Jinan still belonged to the State of Qi. The famous "?" battle between Qi and Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period took place in the Ma'anshan area in the northern suburbs of Jinan City today. During the Warring States Period, Zou Yan, a great thinker of the Qi State, founded the theory of Yin and Yang and the Five Elements. He was a famous scholar of the Jixia School, and his tomb is in Zhang. Qiu; Bian Que, a native of Lu (now Changqing), was proficient in internal medicine, gynecology, ENT, and pediatrics. He created the diagnostic methods of inspection, smelling, asking, and cutting, which played an important role in the history of Chinese medicine.

After Qin Shihuang unified the world, he established a system of prefectures and counties. The urban area of ??Jinan today belongs to Jibei County and is called Lixiayi.

In the early Han Dynasty, Jinan County was established, which was the beginning of the emergence of the name "Jinan". Jinan County was established in Dongpingling (now Pinglingcheng, Zhangqiu County). During the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Fu Sheng, a Jinan native and Dr. Qin who was over ninety years old, dictated twenty-eight chapters of the modern text "Shang Shu" so that it could be passed down to future generations. Zhongjun, a doctoral disciple of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty from Jinan, went to the Huns and South Vietnam as envoys and contributed to the unification of China. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was the Kingdom of Jinan. During the reign of Emperor Ling, Cao Cao served as Prime Minister of Jinan and achieved considerable political achievements. The ancient building Xiaotangshan Guo's Tomb Stone Temple in Xiaoli Town, Changqing County was built in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is the earliest existing above-ground building in my country and is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Its indoor portraits and inscriptions are listed as national calligraphy arts. Famous monument.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Jinan was mostly in war. During the Yongjia period of Jin Dynasty (307-312 AD), Jinan County was moved from Dongpingling to Licheng. Since then, Licheng has become the political center of Jinan region.

In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, society became more stable. In the third year of Emperor Wen's reign (583) of the Sui Dynasty, Jinan County was renamed Qizhou, and the administrative seat remained in Licheng. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Buddhism flourished in Jinan, leaving many Buddhist monuments. The main remains include the four-door pagoda of Liubu in Licheng, the statues of Qianfo Cliff Grottoes, the Dragon and Tiger Pagoda, and the Nine-Ding Pagoda, as well as the grotto statues of Qianfo Mountain, Qingtong Mountain, Yuhan Mountain, Longdong and other places. The Four Gate Pagoda is the oldest existing stone pagoda in the country, and its nearby Thousand Buddha Cliff Grottoes statues (including the Dragon and Tiger Pagoda and the Nine-Ding Pagoda) are both listed as national key cultural relics protection units.

Changqing Lingyan Temple was built in the Northern Wei Dynasty. It was highly respected in the Tang Dynasty and is now listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit. Yijing, an eminent monk in the Tang Dynasty and a native of the Changqing Dynasty, followed Xuan Dazhuang and went to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures. He translated more than 100 Buddhist scriptures and made significant contributions to cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.

After the founding of the Song Dynasty, Jinan was called Qizhou. In the sixth year of Zhenghe's reign (1116), Huizong promoted the state to the prefecture, and Qizhou became the Jinan prefecture. The society has been relatively stable for a long time, giving Jinan a scene of peace and prosperity. The famous poet Huang Tingjian once praised Jinan's lakes and mountains with the poem "Jinan is as chic as the south of the Yangtze River". When Zeng Gong was appointed as the magistrate of Qizhou, he not only worked hard but also visited the scenic spots. Everywhere he visited, he wrote poems and articles, adding color to Jinan's landscape. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Jin soldiers invaded on a large scale and established the Jin local government in Jinan, which met with strong resistance from the people of Jinan. In 1161, a peasant uprising led by Geng Jing and Xin Qiji broke out. Subsequently, the Red Coat Army and the rebel army led by Yang Miaozhen both operated in the Jinan area. At the turn of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties, "Er'an" in Jinan successively became famous in the literary world: the female poet Li Qingzhao (named Yi'an), whose lyrics are sincere, profound in meaning, new in language, and have a unique artistic style, is known as one of the "Graceful School" Xin Qiji (alias You'an), a poet of the "Bold and Unconstrained School", is not only a national hero who devoted his life to the reunification of the country, but also a prolific writer. His poems are generous and tragic, and his writing is powerful. He is also known as Su Shi. For "Su Xin".

In the Jin Dynasty, Jinan was still a prefecture and belonged to Shandong East Road. At this time, the Xiaoqing River was dug in the north of the city and led directly to the sea, making Jinan an important salt transportation distribution center and having a significant impact on the development of the local economy in later generations. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jinan was a road, which belonged to the "inner area" of the Yuan Dynasty and was directly under the jurisdiction of Zhongshu Province.

During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Jinan was still a place of cultural prosperity.

Du Renjie, a famous sanquist and native of Jinan, was erudite and talented in both poetry and prose. He traveled to Jinan many times with the writer Yuan Haowen. After Yuan Haowen traveled around Jinan's landscape, he wrote words of praise such as "I envy the beautiful scenery of Jinan" and "I will always be a Jinan native". In the Yuan Dynasty, Jinan's literary style became more and more prosperous. Famous people include Zhang Qiyan, the chief official of the official histories of the Song, Liao and Jin dynasties, the opera writers Wuhan Chen and Kang Jinzhi, and the prose writers Liu Minzhong and Zhang Yanghao, etc. Zhang Yanghao, a native of Jinan, was extremely accomplished in Sanqu. The Sanqu of the Yuan Dynasty reached its peak with him. Zhao Mengxi, a calligrapher and painter from Hunan, served as Tongzhi's general manager of Jinan Road in 1293. During his three years in office, he left many poems and paintings. The most famous one is the picture "Autumn Colors of Magpie Flowers", which has become a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation. work. Yu Qin, a geographer and native of Yidu, also served as an official in Jinan. He visited the mountains and rivers, visited old friends, inspected the local customs and customs of Qi, and completed the famous local chronicle "Qi Cheng".

In the early Ming Dynasty, the province of Shandong was established, and Jinan became the capital of Shandong. It was the residence of the Shandong Chief Envoy, the Capital Commander and the Inspector General. Since then, Jinan has become the political center of Shandong. During the Qing Dynasty, Jinan was still governed by Shandong Province.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Jinan's economy developed rapidly. After Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, it has become a commercial city of a certain scale. Correspondingly, cultural undertakings were quite developed, and a number of famous scholars emerged at the historic moment. Bian Gong, one of the famous "First Seven Sons" in the literary world of the Ming Dynasty and a native of Licheng, was known for his fresh, graceful, plain and elegant poems. Li Panlong, the leader of the "Later Seven Sons", was an active advocate of the literary restoration movement. It had a great influence on the literary world in the Ming Dynasty; Li Kaixian, a famous dramatist and native of Zhangqiu, has handed down "The Story of the Sword" and other works; Zhou Yongnian, a famous scholar and native of Licheng in the Qing Dynasty, is one of the main compilers of "Sikuquanshu"; Ma Guohan devoted his whole life to completing "Yuhanshanfang Collection of Lost Books", which became a magnificent masterpiece of Chinese collection of lost books. Yu such as Xu Bangcai, Yin Shidan, Yu Shenxing, etc. are all famous in the literary world.

After the Opium War in 1840, China became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Imperialist powers poured into China one after another, slaughtering and plundering, and Jinan was not spared. In 1897, German imperialism invaded and occupied Jiaozhou Bay, and later forcibly built the Jiaoji Road from Jiaoao (today's Qingdao) to Jinan. In 1904, Jinan opened its own commercial port. The urban area expanded accordingly, and various industries and businesses developed significantly. At the end of 1911, the Jinan-Puzhou Railway Yellow River Bridge was completed and opened to traffic, making Jinan a north-south transportation hub. Before and after, Germany, Japan, Britain and other countries successively set up consulates in Jinan, opened banks, shops, churches, schools, hospitals, etc. Jinan then became one of the main footholds for imperialism to invade China. However, the barbaric invasion of imperialism has always been strongly resisted by the people of Jinan. Zhu Hongdeng, the leader of the Boxer Rebellion in Shandong, had been active in the Changqing area. Instigated by the slogan "The boxing of boxing in the world will revive the Qing Dynasty and destroy the foreign countries", the anti-imperialist and patriotic movement in Jinan's urban and rural areas reached a climax.

After the founding of the Republic of China, the prefecture was renamed as a road. Jinan initially belonged to Daibei Road and was renamed Jinan Road in 1914. Jinan City was established in 1929.

After the Republic of China, Jinan society underwent profound historical changes. In 1919, the May Fourth Movement broke out, and all walks of life in Jinan went on strike, market strikes, and school strikes, launching a vigorous anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle. After the "May 4th" movement, advanced intellectuals quickly accepted Marxism. In the summer and autumn of 1920, Wang Jinmei, a student of Shandong Provincial No. 1 Normal School, Deng Enming, a student of Shandong Provincial No. 1 Middle School, and others established the Communist Society, and Initiated and organized a progressive group "Li Xin Society" among students and founded the semi-monthly magazine "Li Xin". In the spring of 1921, Wang Jinmei and Deng Enming established a communist group in Jinan, becoming one of the earliest communist organizations in China. In July, Wang Jinmei and Deng Enming participated in the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in Shanghai on behalf of the Jinan Communist Group. In May of the following year, the **** Jinan Independent Group was formally established, with Wang Jinmei as the group leader and 9 party members. By May 1927, Jinan had established 20 Communist Party branches such as Jinpu Dachang, No. 1 Middle School, and No. 1 Division, and the number of party members increased to 50. After the establishment of the **** Jinan Party Organization, it not only led the Jinan workers' movement, but also actively carried out anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary propaganda and other forms of revolutionary struggles. In 1928, the Japanese invading army caused the "May 3rd" tragedy in Jinan that shocked the world. The Jinan Communist Party organization immediately called on the people to rise up and fight to the death against Japanese imperialism, and actively organized and carried out the struggle against Japan. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Jinan Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China selected party members and progressive young intellectuals to go to various parts of Shandong to participate in the anti-Japanese armed uprising and establish revolutionary base areas. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the people of Jinan fought bravely against the Japanese invaders and opened up an anti-Japanese revolutionary base in the southern mountainous area. During the War of Liberation, the Jinan party organization united and led the people of the city to engage in tit-for-tat struggle against the Kuomintang reactionaries. On September 24, 1948, the People's Liberation Army captured Jinan and Jinan was liberated. Jinan's history has since turned a new page.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Shandong Provincial People's Congress, the Shandong Provincial People's Government, the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the Jinan Military Region and the Shandong Provincial Military Region agencies all established Based in Jinan, Jinan continues to maintain its position as the political center of Shandong Province.