The system of separation of powers has different forms in western countries, and there are three typical models: the presidential system in the United States, the cabinet system in Britain and the dual system in France.
In the United States, executive power refers to the government, legislative power refers to the upper and lower houses of Congress, and judicial power refers to the courts, which check and balance each other. During Roosevelt's New Deal, the executive power expanded in an all-round way, and a new pattern of decentralization centered on the president was established. There is no written constitution in Britain, and legislative power is higher than administrative power and judicial power. The Supreme Court was not established until 20 10.
When the Fifth Republic was founded, France established and implemented a semi-presidential and semi-parliamentary democracy. Therefore, only the United States implements a complete separation of powers, and most other western countries mainly implement a parliamentary system. The legislative power and the executive power are not completely separated.
Advantages of the separation of powers system:
1, to prevent abuse of power
Decentralization mechanism can effectively prevent the government and officials from abusing their power. Each authority has its own independent responsibilities and power scope, and mutual checks and balances can prevent any party from excessively expanding its power, thus safeguarding people's rights and freedoms.
2. Promote political stability
Decentralization mechanism can avoid excessive concentration of political power, thus reducing the occurrence of political turmoil and political crisis. The checks and balances and coordination among various power organs can make political decision-making more stable and reliable.
3. Guarantee judicial independence
The mechanism of separation of powers can ensure the independence of judicial organs and avoid political interference and judicial injustice. Judicial organs can try cases independently, which is fair to the government and citizens, thus safeguarding social justice and fairness.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Decentralization