Axial fixation is mainly to prevent the parts on the shaft from moving along the axial direction. Using axial fixation can ensure that the parts keep the correct position in the axial direction and avoid the displacement caused by axial load or vibration. Common axial fixing methods include the use of shoulders, collars, bushings and thrust bearings. Shoulder is a common axial fixing method, which uses the side of shoulder to contact with the side of collar or key to generate friction force to prevent the parts on the shaft from moving along the axial direction.
The collar is in contact with the side of the shaft through its annular part, generating friction to prevent the components on the shaft from moving axially. The shaft sleeve is an independent part used on the shaft, which can be used with the shoulder or key to provide additional support and fixation. Thrust bearing is a special type of bearing, which is used to bear axial load and keep the position of parts on the shaft stable.
Circumferential fixation is mainly to prevent the parts on the shaft from rotating or moving in the circumferential direction. Using circumferential fixation can ensure that the parts keep the correct position in the circumferential direction and avoid looseness caused by torque or vibration. Common circumferential fixing methods include keys, splines, interference fit and friction fit.
The key is a common circumferential fixing method. By inserting the key into the groove between the shaft and the hub, friction occurs between the key and the keyway, thus preventing the parts on the shaft from rotating or moving in the circumferential direction. Spline is a structure composed of multiple keys, which can provide higher bearing capacity and higher stability. Interference fit and friction fit are methods to provide circumferential fixation by using friction between parts.
The importance of fixing parts on the shaft;
1. Ensure the normal operation of the equipment: the fixing of the parts on the shaft can ensure that the parts remain stable in the correct position, thus ensuring the normal operation of the mechanical equipment. If the parts are not fixed or improperly fixed, it may lead to vibration, noise, wear and even damage of the equipment, which will affect the normal operation and performance of the equipment.
2. Improve the bearing capacity of equipment: Correct axial and circumferential fixing methods can improve the bearing capacity of mechanical equipment. By firmly fixing the parts in the correct position on the shaft, the relative motion and friction between parts can be reduced, thus reducing the wear and deformation of mechanical equipment and improving the bearing capacity of the equipment.
3. Increase the safety of the equipment: improper fixing of the parts on the shaft may lead to instability and vibration of the equipment, thus increasing the risk of equipment failure. Correct axial and circumferential fixing methods can increase the safety of equipment and reduce the possibility of equipment failure.
4. Extend the service life of equipment: Correct axial and circumferential fixing methods can prolong the service life of mechanical equipment. By fixing the parts firmly in the correct position, the wear and deformation between parts can be reduced, thus prolonging the service life of the equipment. In addition, the correct fixing method can also improve the reliability and stability of the equipment, reduce the frequency of maintenance and replacement of parts, and further extend the service life of the equipment.