Urticaria, also known as pimples, is a common allergic skin disease.

(1) Causes and onset

There are many causes of urticaria, but most of them are caused by allergic reactions caused by certain substances or vascular and neurological dysfunction. Common relevant factors include the following aspects:

1. Food, such as fish, shrimp, crab, eggs, milk, etc.

2. Inhaled substances, such as various pollen, dust, smoke, etc.

3. Drugs such as penicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, serum, vaccines, etc.

4． Various infections, bacteria, viruses, molds, parasites, etc.

5. Endocrine disorders, irregular menstruation, pregnancy, menopause, etc.

6． Physical and chemical factors, such as cold, heat, wind, light and certain cosmetic irritations.

7. Animal and plant irritants, such as bed bugs, mites, nettles, kudzu, etc.

8． Genetic factors, such as allergies and immune dysfunction.

(2) Patient manifestations

The onset often occurs suddenly, with severe itching first, followed by red, skin-colored or pale wheals of varying sizes and shapes, and the rash appears rapidly. Disappears quickly, leaving no trace after fading. The rash can recur multiple times in a day. The rash can spread all over the body and also involve mucous membranes. If the digestive tract is involved, upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, etc. may occur. Involvement of the respiratory system may cause difficulty breathing and chest tightness. A few patients are accompanied by fever. Urticaria that disappears after a short period of time is classified as acute urticaria; urticaria that occurs repeatedly for more than 3 months is classified as chronic urticaria.

(3) Home care

The best treatment for this disease is to find the allergen and use gradual desensitization therapy to achieve a radical cure. At present, many hospitals have carried out skin allergy tests using different foods, drugs, animals and plants, etc., or skin patch tests using different cosmetics and contact objects to find allergens. If patients with urticaria are qualified, they should first go to the hospital to find out the causative factors so as to remove or avoid contact with these factors.

1. Household medication

(1) Oral medication: 0.2 grams of vitamin C is commonly used, taken orally twice a day. Ludin 20 mg, taken orally 3 times a day. Anti-allergic drugs, commonly used Antaloy 25 mg three times a day or diphenhydramine 25 mg orally three times a day. Cyproheptadine 2-4 mg can also be taken orally 3 times a day. For stubborn patients, 4 mg of chlorpheniramine, 4 times a day, and 200 mg of cimetidine, 4 times a day, can be used in combination to achieve better results. A new drug, astemizole, 10 mg, taken orally once a day, has been used in recent years and has significant efficacy in the treatment of chronic urticaria. For patients with widespread skin lesions, 10 ml of 10% calcium gluconate can be injected intravenously once a day. If laryngeal edema occurs and dyspnea or severe symptoms occur, 0.5-1.0 ml of 0.1% adrenal cord should be injected subcutaneously immediately.

(2) Topical drugs: 1% phenol calamine lotion or 1% Bohe tincture is commonly used for external application, 3-4 times a day.

2. Traditional Chinese medicine and folk prescriptions

(1) 30 grams each of Kochia bark and duckweed, 9 grams of cicada slough, decoct in water and take one dose per day.

(2) 30 grams each of peach leaves and mugwort leaves, 15 grams alum, 9 grams salt, decoct and bathe, 1-2 times a day.

(3) 15 grams each of Xanthium sibiricum, Schizonepeta schizonepeta, and Fructus sapiens, 1 scallion root, decocted in water, 1 dose per day.

3. Nutrition and diet

It is advisable to eat a light diet and avoid fish, shrimp, crab, mutton, alcohol and other spicy foods.

(4) Precautions

1. Patients should pay attention to allergens at ordinary times. If they find that they are allergic to a certain food or drug, they should stop using it immediately and try to avoid contact with suspected allergens.

2. Cut your nails short and do not scratch hard, otherwise it may cause a significant increase in skin lesions and severe itching.

3. To keep the stool smooth, those with constipation can take 2 Guodao tablets and drink an appropriate amount of amsenna leaves with boiled water 2-3 times a day.

4． The room should be kept clean and dry, flowers should not be placed, and chemicals such as Lysol and dichlorvos should not be sprayed to avoid sensitization.

5. When patients undergo desensitization treatment, they must be carried out in the hospital, and emergency drugs, such as epinephrine, phenergan, dexamethasone and oxygen, etc., must be prepared for timely rescue.

6． Drivers and high-altitude workers are prohibited from using anti-allergic drugs such as chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, and Antalox during work to avoid accidents caused by dizziness and drowsiness.

(5) Prevention common sense

1. People with allergic constitution should try to avoid contact with foods, drugs, plants and chemicals that are likely to cause allergies, and reduce overcooling, overheating and Irritation from sun exposure.

2. Maintain a regular life, be in a happy spirit, and actively treat gastrointestinal and endocrine diseases.

3. Remove the infection lesions in the body as early as possible, such as anti-infection, roundworm removal and other treatments.

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