The building materials for cleaning the top of the operating room wall are mainly divided into two categories: metal and nonmetal. With the development of science and technology, there are more and more cleaning materials in the operating room. The following is an analysis and comparison of several materials mainly used in China. \x0d\ 1 Characteristics and construction points of metal building materials for cleaning the top of the operating room wall \x0d\ From the analysis of the conditions that the building materials for cleaning the top of the operating room wall should meet, the best material first recommended by experts at home and abroad is galvanized steel plate (also called electrolytic steel plate). \x0d\ 1. 1 galvanized steel \x0d\ There are eleven main conditions for cleaning the building materials of the operating room wall and roof, namely, on-site processing, then bolting, sub-arc welding, scraping imported putty on the surface and spraying imported antibacterial paint. After the operation room is completed, it is a seamless closed body with good effect and low cost. If the surface layer is damaged by strong impact during construction and use, you can scrape putty on site, apply the same color paint or spray antibacterial paint after several years of use, and the operating room will be as good as new. \x0d\ However, in the process of construction, attention should be paid to solving the rust prevention problems of steel beams and columns. For example, the square pipe steel used should be rusted inside and outside the square pipe. In addition, it is necessary to solve the problem of coating surface cracking caused by thermal expansion and cold contraction after steel plates are assembled into a whole. The solution is to design a slow-moving belt at the joint of two steel plates, which is made of homogeneous material slightly thinner than the panel. Then, after the completion of steel structure construction, high-grade putty should be scraped several times at the joints, and then imported antibacterial coatings should be sprayed after polishing. This coating is not an ordinary civilian coating with antibacterial function, but a special antibacterial coating that does not affect its function after repeated washing with disinfectant. Also, the gypsum board attached to the galvanized steel plate should be thickened with waterproof gypsum board. \x0d\ The performance of stainless steel plate is basically the same as that of galvanized plate. When stainless steel plate is used as the building material of clean operating room, the thickness of the plate is the same, which can reach 1.2mm to 1.5mm, and its corrosion resistance is much higher than other metal materials. But the price is higher, there is no shielding function, and the adhesion of the surface coating is slightly lower than that of other metal materials. There are two construction techniques, one is the same as galvanized sheet, and the other is that the surface layer is painted with carbon paint or sprayed with plastic in the factory. Bonding field assembled joints. After the operation room is finished, it is not a seamless whole, and it is the same as aluminum plate. The former method has a long construction period, while the latter method can shorten the construction period. \x0d\ 1.2 alloy aluminum plate \ x0d alloy aluminum plate (also called rust-proof aluminum plate) is also one of the commonly used materials for cleaning the walls and roofs of operating rooms in China. And the latter two materials have most of the same performance, moderate price, no shielding function, soft material and poor resistance. The main advantages are light weight, good anticorrosion effect of the plate itself, convenient and fast construction, easy modeling and obvious advantages in short construction period. \x0d\ Construction adopts square tube dragon skeleton or specially thickened dragon skeleton, and alloy aluminum plate is installed on the keel with large plate hook type. The processing shape of the plate is basically the same as that of galvanized steel plate and stainless steel plate, and it is also folded on all sides, and plasterboard or other materials are stuck on the back to increase the strength of the plate and increase the effects of heat preservation, sound insulation and moisture prevention. The forming, finishing and top coating of each aluminum plate are completed in the factory, and it is impossible to change it on site. If the plate is deformed during transportation or construction and the top coat is scratched, the factory must provide new materials for replacement. In the process of hospital use, if the surface of the plate is damaged by impact and cannot be repaired, the whole plate can only be replaced, and the color of the new plate will be different from that of the surrounding plates. In addition, the flat-fell seam of each aluminum alloy plate can only be filled with special sealant. If the sealant is improperly selected or not carefully constructed, it will easily cause dust accumulation or affect the air tightness of the room. Then the sealant ages, dusts and falls off under the long-term action of disinfectant. It should be noted that the strength of alloy aluminum plate is low, and the thickness of aluminum plate should be more than 2 mm 3 color steel plate \x0d\ 1.3 color steel plate is also widely used in the early domestic clean operating room renovation and some hospitals with tight funds. Color steel sandwich panel is an ultra-light building panel with color coated steel plate as surface material and self-extinguishing polyethylene, polyurethane, glass wool and rock wool as core material, which is heated and pressurized by thermosetting adhesive in a continuous molding machine. The plate width is 1200mm, and the plate length can be determined according to the engineering needs. The thickness of the plate is 50mm, 75mm, 100mm, 150mm and other specifications. \x0d\ Colored steel plate has light weight, which is 1/20- 1/30 of the concrete weight. Because of its high strength, it can be used as a lightweight structure and a maintenance structure. Thermal insulation, its thermal conductivity value is 0.034 W/MK. The construction is convenient and fast, the color steel plate has a high degree of equipment, and there is no need for formwork support and wet operation, so the construction period is short. Color facing, with a variety of colors to choose from, can decorate different interior decoration design requirements, with good decoration effect. Thick galvanized surface, wear resistance, rust prevention, corrosion resistance, good thermal insulation, sound insulation, moisture prevention, fire prevention, maintenance and daily cleaning are also very convenient. \x0d\ color steel plate has high sealing performance, average service life and low maintenance cost. The new color steel plate sandwich includes glass magnesium plate, paper honeycomb and metal honeycomb. According to the actual needs of engineering installation, we can customize composite color steel plates with various thicknesses, specifications and sizes and various bite forms. \x0d\ color steel plate is cheap, but its impact resistance is poor. Special attention should be paid not to use painted colored steel plates during construction, because the paint film will rust after being damaged and will have a rust-proof life. In addition, all the cutting and splicing edges of color steel plates need to be sealed with glue sink to prevent the fiber and dust in the interlayer from leaking. Bonding requirements at joints are the same as those for alloy aluminum plates. \x0d\ 1.4 Xingtie Library Board \x0d\ Xingtie Library Board is a new clean operating room material after color steel plate. Its integrated products are installed in the way of arc sky rail and ground rail, with simple construction, short construction period, simpler and more compact structure than color steel plate, high strength, convenient installation of additional equipment and high strength. The base plate is made of gypsum board, honeycomb aluminum plate or flame-retardant waterproof cardboard, which has or is superior to some characteristics of color steel plate, but its disadvantages are similar to those of color steel plate, so it needs to be very careful when bonding. Paint coating is not suitable for the surface layer of plate, and it is better to use plastic spraying surface layer. The cost of Xingtie library board is slightly higher than that of color steel plate. \x0d\ 1.5 Other \x0d\ operating room surface metal building materials and enamel steel plates. Enamel steel plates are mainly produced abroad. Before construction, the size and shape of each plate shall be provided to the factory in advance. The factory produces steel plates according to the drawings and then transports them to the construction site for assembly. The assembly process is basically the same as that of alloy aluminum plate. The main advantages are that the panel has strong corrosion resistance, the surface layer is soft, flat and smooth, no glare is generated, and it is convenient for cleaning and disinfection. However, the cost is very high, and the period from production to construction is long, and the joints of panels also need to be glued. If the surface layer is damaged, it is difficult to repair it. There is no need to choose in China. \x0d\ When choosing metal building materials for clean operating room, attention should be paid to the choice of surface color. When lighting facilities such as shadowless lamps are turned on in the operating room environment, there should be no glare at the top of the wall, and light green or light blue is preferred. \x0d\ 2 Characteristics and construction points of nonmetallic building materials for clean operating room \x0d\ 2. 1 Cable board (also called glass plate) is mainly imported from Western Europe, and now a production line has also been introduced from Xi 'an in China. Caso board is made of silicate, timely, calcium oxide, natural organic fiber and selected mineral filler through pressure molding and steam curing. The surface is decorated with cold porcelain and has excellent weather resistance. The overall size of the plate is 1200mm×3000mm, and the common thickness is 5mm and 6mm. \x0d\ Cable board adopts keel partition wall, with 300mm×500mm square pipe keel and spacing of 400mm, plasterboard is attached first, then Toshiba silica gel is attached to the cable board, and sponge is filled at the corner. The thermal conductivity of cable board is low, which is the same as that of ceramic tile, with good energy-saving effect, high surface hardness and strong scratch resistance and impact resistance. The construction is convenient. Non-flammable and waterproof. Rich in color, the color is not affected by ultraviolet rays and organic chemical reagents. The transformation is convenient and will not cause secondary pollution in the operation room caused by welding and spraying. There are no problems such as cracking, peeling and rusting. The area occupied by the wall thickness can be saved. But the cost is high, it is not easy to deform, and the dust is serious during construction. \x0d\ 2.2 UV holy mark decorative plate \x0d\ UV holy mark decorative plate is a kind of material close to the cable clamping plate. It takes 100% asbestos-free as the base material and is coated with special UV-curing polyester for surface treatment (UV-curing is to generate free radicals through UV irradiation, so that the base material and the coating film form a solid claw-like penetration and instantly form a dense film), which makes the board have the characteristics of wear resistance, high hardness, aging resistance, water resistance, fire prevention, bright color and environmental protection. At the same time, it also has the characteristics of no asbestos (dust-free), light weight, acid and alkali resistance, impact resistance, antistatic, heat and sound insulation, ultraviolet resistance, energy saving, antibacterial and easy processing. \x0d\ UV holy mark decorative board construction technology is basically equivalent to the cable card board. Moreover, the construction is convenient, the equipment and tools are few, the construction period is short and the technology is easy to master. Its advantages and disadvantages are basically the same as cable board, but its cost is much lower than cable board. \x0d\ 2.3 Si Qian board \x0d Si Qian board is also a material for cleaning the operating room. Also known as high temperature and high pressure layer-by-layer polymerization resin plate, anti-beta board. It is made of wood fiber and methyl phenolic resin by EBC surface treatment. The plate sizes are 3050×1530mm, 2550×1860mm and 3730×1860mm. Commonly used thicknesses are 6mm and 8mm. Its colors are diverse and selective. \x0d\ Si Qian board is impact-resistant, because its solid material and melamine reinforced surface endow the board with extraordinary impact resistance. Moisture-proof, because it is pressed at high temperature and high pressure, all gaps are sealed by pressure, no gaps are opened, and the porous structure is eliminated, so it is impossible to absorb moisture. Wear resistance, scratch resistance, easy cleaning, core material and surface resistance to the most common chemical corrosion, such as acetone, xylene and other organic solvents, corrosion resistance to disinfectants, chemical disinfectants, fruit juice and fuel, smooth and closed surface energy to prevent microbial parasitism. Si Qian board is antistatic, environmentally friendly and fireproof. \x0d\ Si Qian slab adopts light steel keel partition wall, and the vertical keel is 100mm light steel keel or C-beam. Install special aluminum alloy keels with spacing less than 400mm on the vertical keels, and install special pendants on the back of Si Qian plate. The plate with pendant installed on the back is hung in the slot corresponding to the horizontal keel, and the flat-fell seam of the panel is filled with sealant or special filler. According to requirements, a back plate can also be installed to improve the impact resistance and heat insulation performance. Si Qian plate adopts keel structure, which is convenient for concealed installation of various pipes and wall fixing equipment used in operating room. \x0d\ Si Qian board is rich in color and easy to replace. Even after many years, you can still order plates with the same color as the original ones, so that the reconstruction and expansion plan can be carried out smoothly, even without leaving traces after completion. But the cost of Si Qian board is relatively high. Matters needing attention: ① After the plates are transported to the site, they should be placed indoors with little change in humidity and temperature, and the unpacked plates should be stacked horizontally on wooden pallets. (2) The plates and processed plates cannot be against the wall. (3) When taking the board, it is not allowed to drag, so as to avoid surface scratches, and it should be lifted by two people. \x0d\ 2.4 aluminum-plastic board \x0d\ aluminum-plastic board is a general decorative material for PVC plastic sandwich and double-sided metal aluminum board. It has the advantages of low price, rich colors, easy construction and short construction period, and can also be used as an option for cleaning the building materials on the top of the operating room wall. \x0d\ The construction technology of aluminum-plastic board is basically the same as that of Si Qian board. The main disadvantage is that the surface layer has poor impact resistance and scratch resistance and is easy to be damaged. If the front panel and the back panel are not handled properly, it is easy to shell. When choosing the pad, it is best to choose the glass-magnesium board or the high-quality, flat and consistent cement board. If you want to choose density board or gypsum board, you should use waterproof glue to brush the lining board. \x0d\ 2.5 engineering plastics \x0d\ engineering plastics are the most used materials in the construction of clean operating rooms in western developed countries. It is a high-tech, environment-friendly composite material, which is processed and molded at high temperature and high pressure. It has the characteristics of high strength, light specific gravity, moisture resistance, corrosion resistance, solvent resistance, maintenance-free, stable size, high temperature resistance 180℃, smooth and compact product surface and so on. It is non-toxic, odorless, radiation-free, pollution-free, heat-insulating, weather-resistant, easy to process and install, and has the strength and toughness of high-quality metal materials, good impact resistance and scratch resistance, as well as excellent flame retardancy and remarkable dielectric strength, insulation, good arc resistance, safety and non-conductivity. Engineering materials are strong, not easy to age and have a service life of more than 30 years. It is a new, practical, environment-friendly and energy-saving product that replaces traditional materials. \x0d\ Its construction completely adopts dry operation, with convenient plate processing, on-site cutting and assembly, no environmental pollution, less labor consumption and extremely short construction period, which is the shortest construction period in the clean operating room at present. Often the walls of an operating room can be built in three days at most, and the quality is well guaranteed. \x0d\ During construction, firstly, build a frame with square steel which has been treated with anti-corrosion, then fix the U-shaped keel on the square steel frame (with a cushion block), and then fix the engineering plastic plate and the U-shaped keel together with special pendants. After adjustment, bond the joints. \x0d\ At present, the price of domestic engineering plastics is still relatively high, which is 2 to 3 times that of galvanized steel plate. However, in the future construction of clean operating room, extensive use of engineering plastics will be a direction. \x0d\ 2.6 Others \x0d\ (1) In addition, some manufacturers have developed PVC composite plastic flooring and PVC integrated plastic flooring which were widely used in public areas such as hospitals. \x0d\ This material has antibacterial, antistatic, dustproof, antifouling, waterproof, washable at will, impact resistance, scratch resistance, sound absorption and noise reduction, good thermal insulation, chemical corrosion and smoke corrosion resistance, good fire resistance, simple construction and various colors and patterns to choose from. It is a material with high cost performance. \x0d\ The construction technology is basically the same as that of aluminum-plastic board. Only high-quality special adhesive can be used when sticking on the backing. The joints are welded with homogeneous materials, and the whole surface layer is seamless after construction, with good air tightness. \x0d\ (2) Nano antibacterial cloth developed by domestic scientific research institutions can also be used as an option to clean the building materials of operating room. Its characteristics are basically equivalent to PVC plastic materials. It is lighter and easier to build. The construction method is basically the same as PVC plastic material. \x0d\ In the construction of clean operating rooms in western developed countries, many wall materials are still ceramic tiles, but in the reformed clean operating rooms in China, ceramic tiles are no longer used. Ceramic tiles have low cost and simple operation, which can basically meet the requirements of using surface materials in clean operating rooms. However, the thermal insulation and sound insulation efficiency and impact resistance energy are poor. Need to have a solid wall as the base, solid wall thickness, will reduce the practical area of the operating room. Construction needs wet operation, and the workload is heavy. After the ceramic tiles are pasted, the joints should be evenly stitched with better materials to prevent dust accumulation and bacterial growth. \x0d\ Two-component polymer modified cement can also be used as the surface material of the operating room wall. After the two-component polymer modified cement is coated on the solid wall, its molecules can penetrate about 2cm to 3cm below the sand ash layer of the basic cement to form a solid, tight and complete shell, and then antibacterial coatings are sprayed on the surface.