Shaping and pruning: When pruning, we should master the principle of "pruning the trees, recognizing the branches and beating the branches, having distinct levels, properly updating, alternating results, removing the black and leaving the green, removing the weak and leaving the strong, thinning at intervals, being young and emphasizing the New Year". Young trees should be combined with shaping, and the pruning amount should be light, often with short cutting as the main part, supplemented by thinning. The wound of the knife is coated with a layer of calluses in time to promote wound healing and prevent bacteria from invading and infecting.
Increase pedicels and evenly bear fruit: Spraying Zhuangguodiling in bud stage, young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage of adult fruit trees can thicken fruit pedicels, increase nutrient transport, prevent flower falling, improve pollination ability, increase fruit setting rate and accelerate fruit expansion. The bearing capacity of trees is unbalanced due to the bearing age, which not only affects the balanced income, but also affects the health of orchard trees. Therefore, it is necessary to brush Huawang No.2 every year at the flower bud differentiation stage to improve the fruit setting rate, inhibit the excessive growth of new shoots and completely balance the years.
Integrated pest control: The main diseases are scab, canker, red spider and yellow spider. The main pests are rust-walled salamander, red spider, leaf miner and leaf roller moth. Control measures Spraying targeted drugs to kill. At the same time, a new high-fat membrane is added to enhance the curative effect; In late autumn and early winter, it is necessary to brush the general to protect the trees and prepare for the wintering and cold resistance of garden trees. It is necessary to increase fertilization, strengthen soil moisture, ensure the nutrient supply of trees, ensure the trees are strong, and lay the foundation for high yield and income increase in the coming year.
Analysis of Platycodon grandiflorum Planting Technology Many friends don't know much about Platycodon grandiflorum planting technology, and there will always be some problems in the planting process. Today, I will briefly introduce the planting techniques of platycodon grandiflorum for everyone. Let's get to know each other. The flower language of balloon flower has double meanings-eternal love and hopeless love. Legend has it that the flowering of platycodon grandiflorum represents happiness arrival again. When happiness comes, some people can catch it, but others are doomed to miss it, can't catch it, and can't keep the flowers. So there are two kinds of flowers, which seem to be different, but they are given a flower, telling us that happiness depends on ourselves. If you don't know how to grasp happiness when it comes, then you can only pass it by. The efficacy and function of Platycodon grandiflorum is 1. Besides ornamental value, platycodon grandiflorum has high medicinal value. People usually collect roots for medicine in spring and autumn. Its dry root tastes bitter, pungent and slightly warm, and has the effects of dispersing lung qi, relieving sore throat, eliminating phlegm and expelling pus, so it is often used to treat cough with excessive phlegm, chest tightness, sore throat with hoarse voice, lung abscess with pus, abscess and abscess. 2. Platycodon grandiflorum is a natural health care material, and it is usually better to choose a uniform, solid, white and bitter root for medicine. Platycodon grandiflorum can be used to treat acute pharyngolaryngitis and chronic bacillary dysentery as long as proper amount of water is added. Other herbs such as Pinellia ternata, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae and Glycyrrhrizae Radix can be added to treat typhoid fever, abdominal distension and cough with excessive phlegm. How to eat the tender leaves and roots of platycodon grandiflorum is edible, which contains vitamins, platycodon grandiflorum acid and other nutrients beneficial to human body, so people often eat its tender leaves in spring and summer and its fresh roots in autumn. Platycodon grandiflorum has always been a special dish of Koreans, and it is often eaten as a wild vegetable. Its tender stems, leaves and roots can all be eaten as vegetables. In the Korean Peninsula and Yanbian area of China, platycodon grandiflorum is a very famous kimchi ingredient, and it is also called "Goubao" kimchi in the northeast. Platycodon grandiflorum leaves are picked and cooked in spring and summer, which can be made into fried Platycodon grandiflorum seedlings, white fungus Platycodon grandiflorum seedlings and so on. Pick fresh roots in autumn, boil them slightly, soak them in clear water to remove bitterness, and then pickle or fry them. They are delicious. But platycodon grandiflorum also has food taboos. It is not suitable for those who have symptoms such as upper qi, vomiting, choking cough, dizziness, excessive fire due to yin deficiency and hemoptysis. And patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers should also be used with caution. Excessive dosage is prone to nausea and vomiting. Planting techniques of platycodon grandiflorum 1 Sowing: Select soil and start sowing. Sowing can be done in winter or spring. First, mix the seeds with fine sand, sprinkle them on the fertilized soil, then sweep the seeds lightly with a broom and bury them. Generally, the seedlings will grow after fifteen days. 2. Transplanting: When the seedlings grow up, they should be transplanted. When planting, dig a hole in the sorted land and plant platycodon grandiflorum seedlings. When the seedlings grow to four leaves, remove the weak seedlings. At the same time, loosen the soil when the climate is suitable, and weed in other growing periods will do. 3. Flower picking: When the balloon flower period reaches four months, some flowers will be picked, because flowering will consume a lot of nutrients, and it is easy to grow lateral branches, so flower picking is the guarantee to improve the yield of Platycodon grandiflorum. 4. Insect control: Pay attention when there is gray powder on the leaves. This is a symptom of powdery mildew, but don't worry, just spray it with white powder. When you find bugs, spray them with pesticides. This is the end of the introduction of platycodon grandiflorum planting technology. I believe that after reading it, you have a certain understanding of the planting techniques of platycodon grandiflorum. If a friend wants to plant platycodon grandiflorum, you can refer to the relevant knowledge points I introduced to you.
How much does it cost to grow moth oranges? What kind of soil is suitable for planting? And its planting technology? Selection of planting land: It is better to plant in sandy soil with deep soil layer, soft core soil structure and easy water and air permeability. Plastic pruning: when pruning, you should master "tree pruning"
Platycodon grandiflorum planting technology Platycodon grandiflorum is one of the plants we often see, which has ornamental and medicinal value. So how much do you know about the planting technology of platycodon grandiflorum, how to manage the field after planting, and how to harvest and process it? Let's have a look. 1. Platycodon grandiflorum planting technology 1. Selecting land and preparing soil. Platycodon grandiflorum is a deep-rooted plant, so humus soil or sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage should be selected. After selecting the land, apply 2,500 kilograms of compost per mu, add 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, scatter it in the ground, turn it over 30 centimeters deep, level it, and rake it carefully. 2. The timely sowing of Platycodon grandiflorum mainly depends on seed propagation, which can be sown in spring, autumn and winter, with two kilograms of seeds per mu. It can also be used for seedling raising and transplanting, because the direct seeding yield is higher than that of transplanting, the root branches are less, the peeling processing is convenient, the quality is good, and the production is multi-purpose. Pay attention to the new seeds produced in that year for seed propagation. The new seeds germinate quickly, the germination rate is high, and the grown seedlings are neat and robust, which is beneficial to management. The germination rate of old seeds in the second year is low, even unable to germinate. In order to improve the germination rate of seeds, the seeds can be treated first, soaked in warm water 12 hours before sowing, and mixed with appropriate amount of wet sand, and the germination rate can be obviously improved after sowing a few days. The furrow was furrowed with the row spacing of 18~2 1 cm, and the depth was about 2 cm. After sowing, the soil covers 1 cm. Or adopt a more advanced wide-width drilling method, that is, the width of ditching is 10 cm, the row spacing is unchanged, and the soil is covered after sowing. The wide-width drilling method has many advantages such as simple management and good quality of finished products. When the temperature is suitable, the seedlings can emerge in about 15 days. 2. Platycodon grandiflorum field management 1, reasonable close planting row spacing 17 ~ 20cm, and plant spacing of 3 ~ 5cm. If the density is too high, the plants are weak and vulnerable to pests and diseases. Too thin, low yield. Spacing seedlings properly with wide-width drilling method is enough as long as the seedlings are not squeezed and there is no need to transplant too many seedlings. Proper close planting is the key to increase production. 2, intertillage weeding Platycodon grandiflorum grows slowly in the early stage, which is easy to breed weeds. It should be removed in time to prevent the spread of grass shortage. Water the planting area first, and then loosen the soil once when the dry and wet conditions are suitable, so as to avoid the ground cracking and ventilation, resulting in dead seedlings. Intertillage should be carried out when the soil moisture is moderate. No intertillage weeding can be carried out after the plants grow up and are sealed. 3. In the topdressing stage, dilute human excrement and urine 1~2 times should be applied to promote seedling growth. At the end of June, topdressing, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, was used to prevent excessive nutrient consumption caused by flowering and fruiting from affecting growth. After winter, overwintering fertilizer should be applied again, and soil cultivation should be combined with fertilization. When the plant height is about 1 m in the next spring, properly controlling the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and topdressing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can make the stem grow healthily and prevent or reduce lodging. 4. The balloon with sparse flowers and fruits has a long flowering period, which consumes a lot of nutrients and affects root growth. Thinning flowers and fruits can not only leave seed fields, but also improve the yield and quality of roots. In production, buds can be picked manually or paclobutrazol can be used to prevent flowering. 3. Harvesting and processing of Platycodon grandiflorum 1. The harvesting and planting of Platycodon grandiflorum are different in different regions and sowing dates, and the harvesting year is also different. Generally, it can be harvested in the current year or the second year, but it can be earlier in Northeast China, and the harvesting period can be from the end of September in autumn to the middle of 10 or before the germination of Platycodon grandiflorum in the next spring. In autumn, the harvester is light in weight and good in quality. Generally, when the stems and leaves on the ground wither, the roots are not enriched prematurely, and the drying rate is low, which affects the yield; It's not easy to peel when the harvest is too late. When digging, prevent digging off the main root. 2. After the processed fresh roots are dug out, clean the soil and reed heads, and scrape off the cork with a bamboo knife, wooden blade, ceramic tile, etc. Wash, dry or dry. Scrape the skin clean while it is fresh. After a long time, the root bark is not easy to shave. Dry it in time after shaving. If too much platycodon grandiflorum can't be treated, it can be buried with sand to prevent the epidermis from drying and shrinking, so that it can be peeled easily. The drying rate is 30%. The above is to introduce the knowledge of planting technology, field management, harvesting and processing of Platycodon grandiflorum. I hope the above knowledge can help you. If you want to continue to understand the relevant knowledge, please continue to pay attention to us.
Planting techniques of orange trees Most oranges are propagated by seeds. When the tree grows to 15cm, it should be cut down to two thirds. Branches must be grafted when they grow out, otherwise the trees will be covered with thorns.
There are also cuttings, but the season is not suitable now, wait until spring. Insert the branch into the nutrient soil, and then transplant it into the ground after it takes root. (When I was a child, it seemed that this was how I looked at Miao at home. I don't really remember, hehe)
Oranges can bear fruit in two or three years, but generally people who engage in seedlings control orange seedlings not to bear fruit. If the fruit is early, the tree will not bear fruit and die early. But if you plant bonsai, you should die if you are tired.
Cultivation techniques of Shatangju are equivalent to the cultivation and management techniques of other citrus varieties. As long as there are cultivation techniques of other citrus varieties, everything is logical, just to make the trees completely dwarf.
First, fruit picking in batches: fruit trees should be picked in batches in time, first picking the fruits and then picking them when they are ripe. Try to use fruit scissors, handle them gently. Avoid keeping the fruit on the tree for a long time, consuming nutrition, and more importantly, avoid freezing injury and cause great economic losses.
Second, controlling fertilizer and making water: The result is that trees should pay attention to controlling fertilizer and water, and do not apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and water fertilizer to avoid bolting winter bamboo shoots. Water should make the leaves roll up slightly. In case of prolonged drought, irrigation should be done properly.
Third, young trees and old and weak fruit trees should pay attention to cold protection: once frost occurs, the canopy should be covered with straw and weeds. Over time, it can also be combined with plant growth regulator (natural brassinolide) to enhance the cold and drought resistance of trees.
Four, the focus of this period is to do a good job of cleaning and pruning in winter, in order to reduce the source of overwintering pests and diseases, and reduce the dosage in the coming year:
1. After the fruit is picked, the dense transverse branches, dead branches, pest branches, broom branches, cone branches and decaying branches at the periphery of the middle and upper part of the crown should be cut off in time, leaving 6- 10 cm branches to promote the germination of new shoots. When pruning, remove fallen leaves, rotten fruits, pests and branches from the orchard and burn them centrally. At the same time, remove all weeds in the orchard and clean the drainage ditch. Sprinkle 3% carbofuran 4 kg/mu and lime powder on the ground.
2. Whitening the trunk: it can not only improve the frost resistance of the tree, but also prevent and control pests and diseases. Optional formula: 50% laurel is added with water 10 times, and a little lime is added, or the trunk and main branches are fully mixed and painted white according to the ratio of water: lime: laurel: salt = 100:50:2:2.
Sugar orange planting technology? Plant spacing is 2.5m * row spacing is 3m.
Cultivation techniques of Shatangju
Shatangju is native to Xinhui City, Guangdong Province, so it is also called Sihui Orange. Shatangju has the characteristics of early fruit production and high yield, and the fruit is pure and sweet. It is suitable for the consumption habits of China people, and the market price is 1-2 times higher than other oranges. The main techniques of planting management of Shatangju are introduced as follows.
First, choose healthy seedling pure varieties without pests and diseases. Early-maturing strains have good quality and high yield. The seedlings with trifoliate orange as rootstock are dwarfed, bearing early fruits and high yield, and the seedlings with lime as rootstock are upright and prosperous, and put into production late. The height of the seedlings is more than 40 cm, the thickness is more than 0.5 cm, there are no quarantine diseases and insect pests (canker and Huanglongbing), the fibrous roots are developed, and the scion has good affinity with the rootstock.
Second, choose the right place and plant it reasonably close. Sedum morifolium can grow and bear fruit normally when planted in a kind of soil, but it needs moist and fertile soil environment to grow fast, bear fruit early and achieve high and stable yield. Therefore, paddy fields, early fields, river alluvial lands and gully lands with convenient transportation, sufficient water sources, convenient irrigation and drainage, and deep, loose and fertile soil should be selected for the development of Shatangju. In order to achieve the goal of high yield in the early stage, we planted 200-300 plants per mu in fertile paddy fields and dry land, with the row spacing of 2m× 1.5m or 2m× L, and planted about 100 plants per mu in mountainous areas with the row spacing of 3× 2m. Production practice has proved that dwarf and close planting is an important technical measure to realize early fruiting and high yield of Shatangju. After years of high yield, the close planting garden appeared cross shading and then thinning.
Third, the planting method. In our county, Shatangju is usually planted in February-March in spring. Shatangju can be developed in paddy fields with fertile soil and deep soil layer and alluvial soil along the river. Can be planted in shallow pits, paddy fields should be in rows. Deep pits 1m square should be dug in dry land and sloping land with poor soil, and sufficient base fertilizer should be prepared. 3 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 5 kg of lime, garbage mud or pond mud 100 kg, and 30-50 kg of pig, cow and chicken manure are applied to each pit. When filling the pit, mix the fertilizer with the soil, and then fill it back into the pit to make a tree tray about 20 cm above the ground. Before planting, cut off some branches and leaves of seedlings to reduce water evaporation, cut off main roots and try to keep fibrous roots. When planting, dig a shallow pit, let the fibrous roots stretch naturally, and then return to the soil for compaction. The height of buried soil should not exceed the marriage interface. After planting, cover the tree tray with straw or other weeds and water the roots. Within one month of planting, the soil near the root system should be kept moist, with high temperature, long sunshine and no rain, and watered every day. When it rains, the soil is wet, so there is no need to water it.
Fourth, the management of young trees.
1, fertilizer and water management. Young tree management takes fertilizer and water management as the core, which promotes root growth, branches grow early and quickly, and crowns grow early. After 40 days of planting, new roots begin to grow, which can be diluted by 2-3 times with decomposed manure, and applied once every 10 ~ 15 days, with 5-1 0 kg per plant. With the growth of young trees, the concentration and dosage of manure water should be gradually increased, and urea should be properly added to dissolve in manure water for spraying. From the second year of planting, the number of fertilization can be reduced, and the amount of manure and chemical fertilizer can be increased each time, with 30 kg of manure and 3 liang of urea applied each time. Stop applying nitrogen fertilizer and manure in September, apply potassium fertilizer once, and apply half a catty of potassium chloride to each plant to promote flower bud differentiation. At the same time, we should pay attention to soil moisture management.
2, plastic trimming. The purpose of shaping is to make the skeleton of Shatangju tree reasonable and the branches evenly distributed, which is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission, three-dimensional fruit, reducing pests and diseases, and laying the foundation for early fruit and high yield. Heteromorphous Saccharum usually adopts a natural happy shape. The method is to cut the trunk by 40cm after planting, let it germinate, and then select three branches in different directions as the main technology. The main technology is that it forms an angle of 45 with the vertical line of the trunk, and the main branch is too upright, so it is necessary to widen the branch angle with ropes. When the main branch is mature, cut it 30cm, and then select three auxiliary branches in different directions on the main branch. This method can be used later. Erect branches planted on backbone branches such as main branches and auxiliary branches should be cut off, and weak branches should be properly retained as auxiliary branches. Shatangju has strong germination ability and flourishing leaves. Generally, 3-4 branches are left at a time, and all the extra branches are thinned out. In order to make summer buds and autumn buds sprout neatly, it is necessary to wipe out buds and control buds, that is, when only sporadic branches sprout in the whole garden, the buds are erased and the lateral buds germinate. Only when 80% of the branches in the whole garden germinate can bamboo shoots be released uniformly, which is convenient for insect prevention.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) bears young trees.
1, fertilizer and water management. Results Young trees should be applied three times a month: fruit-stabilizing fertilizer. Trees consume a lot of nutrients after flowering, so they should be replenished in time. Each tree should be applied with 50 kilograms of manure, or half a kilogram of compound fertilizer and urea. (2) July-August is the period of rapid fruit expansion, which is also the early stage of autumn shoots. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied together, and each plant uses compound fertilizer 1 kg, and urea potassium fertilizer is half a kilogram. (3) Collect fruit manure, supplement tree nutrition, restore crown, and apply 50- 100 kg of decomposed manure to each plant. After autumn shoots mature every year, water and fertilizer are applied to control winter shoots and promote flower bud differentiation.
2, reasonable control and pruning. After Shatangju began to bear fruit, its nutritional growth was still relatively prosperous. Spring shoots and summer shoots compete with flowers and young fruits for nutrients, resulting in the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits. Autumn shoot is the fruiting mother branch of Shatangju. Therefore, the measures of thinning spring shoots, controlling summer shoots and promoting autumn shoots are taken in production. Sparse some spring seedlings to reduce nutrient loss. When the summer buds germinate, all the buds are manually erased, or 500-000ppm paclobutrazol is sprayed to control the germination of the summer buds. In the first half of August, the autumn shoots should be released at one time, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of pests and diseases to ensure the normal growth of autumn shoots. Young tree pruning is divided into summer pruning and winter pruning. Summer pruning is mainly to cut off straight Z trees, cross branches and insect branches that disturb the tree shape. When pruning in winter, the fruiting branches and fruiting branches should be retracted and pruned to prevent the crown from growing too fast and the branches from premature aging. At the same time, cut off the branches of diseases and pests, horizontal branches and upright branches, and cut off the branches that are too dense at the top of the crown to open the skylight and increase ventilation and light transmission.
3, protect flowers and thin fruits. Too many or even few fruit drops are abnormal, so comprehensive measures should be taken to protect the fruit: (1) thinning some spring shoots and all summer shoots; (2) Timely application of stable monthly fertilizer: (3) Before the first and second physiological fruit drop 10 day, spraying mixed fruit-protecting drugs, adding 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or organic foliar M to 920 in 50 ppm; (4) cutting a circle on the trunk during flowering; (5) pest control. Too many fruit sets will reduce the weight and flavor of a single fruit and affect the sales price. Flowers and fruits should be thinned in time, and flowers should be thinned in bud. Fruit thinning is carried out after the first and second physiological fruit drop. The amount of fruit thinning for the first time is 3 times of the remaining amount, and the amount of fruit thinning for the second time is more than the remaining amount 1/3. Eliminate pests, malformed fruits and immature fruits. The fruit preservation of Shatangju mainly depends on tree potential and fertilizer and water conditions.
Six, pest control
There are many kinds of citrus diseases and insect pests. The following are the main symptoms and prevention methods of several diseases and insect pests:
1, scab. It mainly harms young branches and leaves and young fruits. When the leaves are infected, small spots like water stains begin to appear, and then turn waxy yellow. Fruits often grow many tumor-like protrusions after being damaged. Control method: When spring buds germinate 1 cm, spray 500 times of 50% bactericide or 800 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl. At the end of the second time, 70% thiophanate methyl was sprayed 800 times.
2. Anthrax. Anthracnose is mainly characterized by red spots when it is rainy and hot, and black spots when it is dry, which are annular. Control method: spray 1 ~ 2 times in the tender branch stage and young fruit stage respectively, and use 0.5% bordeaux solution, 500 times solution of 50% bactericide or 800 times solution of 70% thiophanate methyl.
3. Huanglong disease. Main symptoms: In addition to yellowing of the tip of the leaf, the main characteristics to distinguish the disease are: yellowing of the leaf base and leaf margin, irregular yellow-green mottled leaves. Control method: (1) Select disease-free seedlings and plant them in isolation. (2) Strictly prevent and control the disease vector-Carpinus Citrus, and carry out pest control and shoot protection at each tender branch stage, spraying omethoate 1000 times, Carpinus Aphidae 2000 times and Imidacloprid 2000 times. (3) Remediation of diseased trees, timely excavation and elimination of disease sources. 4. The mites are mainly red spiders and rust wall slugs. Red spider harms leaves, fruits and shoots, and the damaged leaves lose luster and are gray. Rusty wall slugs mainly harm fruits, resulting in black skin of fruits. Control method of red spider: use Pomei 1 Dose mixture to clear the garden in winter. During the growing season, acaricides such as dicofol, acaroid mites, isocarbophos and propargite can be sprayed in turn, once every 7 ~ 10 days and continuously for 2 ~ 3 times.
Prevention and control of rust tick: from June every year, observe the population density, and spray the medicine immediately when the rust tick is injured. The medicine used is the same as that used to prevent and control red spider.
5. cockroaches. There are mainly flies, shield scales and so on. This will damage branches and fruits, weaken tree vigor, induce soot disease and reduce fruit yield and quality. Control method: clear the garden with 16 ~ 20 times of turpentine mixture in winter, and cut off insect branches. The key point of prevention and control is to spray the first generation nymph twice in the peak period from May to June. The chemicals used are: 40% omethoate 500-800 times and 40% isocarbophos 800 times. These two drugs add 100 times of oil emulsion, and the effect is better. Kill rate 1500 times, quick kill rate 1500 times.
6. Liriomyza huidobrensis. Commonly known as painting insects and ghost symbols, larvae dive under the epidermis of young leaves to feed, forming a white curved wormway on the back of leaves, and the leaves are curled, especially in summer and autumn. Prevention and control methods: wipe off the scattered buds, evenly place the buds, and concentrate on spraying. Spraying the medicine for the first time in summer and autumn when the buds are long, and spraying it again every 7 ~ 10 days, twice each time, can kill the enemy 1500 times. Anlubao 1500 times of spraying and diving ~E 1500 times.