An introduction to the "Bird's Nest", the main stadium for the Olympic Games in my country
The "Bird's Nest" is the main stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The giant stadium design, completed by the 2001 Pritzker Prize winners Herzog and de Meuron in collaboration with Chinese architect Li Xinggang, is shaped like a "nest" that breeds life. hope for the future. The designers did not do anything superfluous to the national stadium, but simply left the structure exposed, thus naturally forming the appearance of the building. Design concept:
The three Olympic theme spirits of green, science and technology, and humanities are integrated with the traditional Chinese architectural culture that breeds countless excellences. The simple form of "eaves architecture", leaping roofs, sea of ??clouds, outdoor The movable courtyard, the World Gate, the single-slope grandstand, the vibrant gathering place, the structural system with its own mechanical balance and the ecological environment-generating devices that make full use of nature all reflect the architectural language of the three Olympics. The National Stadium will become a milestone in human history and a unique building in the world. At the same time, the roof of the stadium can be opened, and it has a form that is in harmony with nature. It will change all the time until the distant future, becoming a dynamic city symbol that announces celebrations in Beijing and indicates the transformation of the city's style.
Basic situation:
The stadium stands are designed with a single slope, allowing the audience to have the largest viewing angle. The "wavy stands" of the rostrum and VIP seats are also the first in the world. Temporary audience seats are Set on "wings" with an openable roof. The various personnel circulation lines on the main plane have been carefully considered to ensure that the various circulation lines do not cross, different from traditional stadiums. An aerial corridor is set up on the top of the single-slope grandstand to facilitate traveling around the entire upper part of the grandstand. "Gateway to the World" is not only a path leading to the temporary stands, but also a complex integrating entertainment, sightseeing and leisure outside the stadium. It is also the canopy of the Olympic Park that emphasizes the axis.
Roof:
Aluminum alloy and membrane structure form a 180-meter-span lightweight roof and cloud sea caisson, which reproduces the traditional Chinese architectural form with the most advanced technology - In the patio, there is a membrane on the roof surface. The wings of the roof are opened and rotated using racks and gears. This form exactly corresponds to the form of the courtyard house in Chinese architecture. There are various opening methods and modes of opening the roof, which are not only functionally It can be used as a temporary seat during the Olympic Games, and it is also a stabilizing device that fundamentally stabilizes the microclimate of the game.
There are 31 competition venues in Beijing for the 2008 Olympic Games, most of which will be completed by the end of next year. Among all Olympic venues, the most eye-catching is the main venue "Bird's Nest". At present, the main truss beam of the steel structure, which is the most difficult part of this project, has been successfully unloaded. After unloading, the "Bird's Nest" steel structure system with a total weight of 42,000 tons was completely separated from external support. After more than two years of construction, this magnificent building finally stood.
The National Aquatics Center "Water Cube" has also become a hot spot of attention from all walks of life with its novel design. During the Olympic Games, diving, swimming and other events will be held here. The current project of "Water Cube" is exterior wall film. Once this project is completed, a water-like venue will appear in front of the public. Hollow walls will ensure that the Water Cube is a translucent building. In addition, the "Water Cube" has also overcome specific problems such as noise reduction, sun protection, temperature control, and sturdiness. After the Olympic Games, the "Water Cube" will become a good place for ordinary people to exercise, entertain and relax.
In addition to Beijing, the 2008 Olympic Games also had competition venues in six places: Shanghai, Qingdao, Shenyang, Tianjin, Hong Kong, and Qinhuangdao. These venues have been basically completed and some facilities are currently being improved.
The main venue of China's 29th Beijing Olympic Games in 2008 was the "Bird's Nest", with the following meaning and shape:
The "Bird's Nest" can accommodate more than 90,000 spectators. The opening and closing ceremonies of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be held here, and it will also host the Olympic track and field and football competitions. The construction of the "Bird's Nest" started in December 2003.
After the Olympic Games, the "Bird's Nest" can undertake major sports competitions, various regular events and non-competition events. It is a landmark building of the Beijing Olympic Games and will be a valuable legacy left by the Beijing Olympic Games. It will become a large-scale professional place for Beijing residents to widely participate in sports activities and enjoy sports entertainment.
The design plan of the National Stadium was produced through a global design bidding competition and was jointly designed by the Swiss Herzog & de Meuron design firm, Arup Engineering Consultants and the China Architectural Design Institute. *** Same design.
The main body of this design scheme consists of a series of radiating steel frames rotating around a bowl-shaped seating area. The structure is scientific and simple, and the design is novel and unique. It is a giant building with distinctive characteristics in the world.
It is named "Bird's Nest" because it resembles the cracks of Chinese porcelain and the shape of "Bird's Nest".
The National Stadium is located in the south of the central area of ??Beijing Olympic Park and was the main stadium for the 29th Olympic Games in 2008. The project covers a total area of ??21 hectares and a construction area of ??258,000M?. There are approximately 91,000 spectator seats in the venue, including approximately 11,000 temporary seats.
The opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, track and field competitions and football finals will be held. After the Olympic Games, it will become a large-scale professional place for Beijing citizens to extensively participate in sports activities and enjoy sports entertainment, and will become a landmark sports building and Olympic heritage. >>Click to view the renderings of the National Stadium
The National Stadium project is a special-grade sports building. The main structure has a designed service life of 100 years. The fire resistance level is level one, the seismic fortification intensity is 8 degrees, and the underground engineering waterproof level is level 1. The main building of the project is in the shape of a spatial saddle oval, 333 meters long from north to south, 294 meters wide from east to west, and 69 meters high. The main steel structure forms an overall giant space saddle-shaped steel truss woven "Bird's Nest" structure. The total steel consumption of the steel structure is 42,000 tons. The concrete stands are divided into upper, middle and lower layers. The concrete structure of the stands is one underground layer. A reinforced concrete frame-shear wall structural system with 7 floors above ground. The steel structure and the upper part of the concrete grandstand are completely separated and not connected to each other. They are enclosed in form, and the foundation sits on a connected base plate. The steel structure of the roof of the National Stadium is covered with a double-layer membrane structure, that is, the transparent upper ETFE membrane fixed between the upper chords of the steel structure and the translucent lower PTFE acoustic ceiling fixed under the lower chords of the steel structure and on the side walls of the inner ring.
Water Cube
The "Water Cube" is pressure-resistant, heat-insulating and self-cleaning. The ETFE membrane saves water and electricity
The National Aquatics Center has a beautiful and unique Name - "Water Cube". This is an architecture about water. "Water" is the soul of this building, and "square" comes from the concept of "round sky and square earth" in Chinese culture. This building that imitates water has a complex and free steel structure in the "square". The traditional architectural philosophy contained in the blue bubble ETFE membrane perfectly expresses the elegance and agility of "water".
The biggest design feature of the "Water Cube" is the addition of bubbles and free structures in the building, which makes the extreme simplicity of form and the extreme richness of expression complement each other, reflecting the integration of Eastern thought and modernity. The "Water Cube" membrane structure, composed of more than 3,000 air pillows and covering an area of ??110,000 square meters, is the largest membrane structure project in the world and the only large-scale public park that is completely enclosed by a membrane structure. ***architecture. To talk about the benefits of this membrane, there are simply too many.
The 3,000 bubbles have very good pressure resistance and each bubble can bear the weight of a car.
The length, width and height of the "Water Cube" are 177 meters, 177 meters and 30 meters respectively. meters, the design adopts the foam theory. There are 3,000 irregular bubble air pillows distributed on the exterior wall of the building. The building's envelope uses a new type of ETFE (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene polymer), which is made of The membrane structure composed of about 3,000 air pillows has a surface coverage of 110,000 square meters, which is 50,000 square meters larger than the Allianz Arena of the World Cup in Germany.
ETFE membrane has good ductility and pressure resistance. After inflating, each membrane can bear the weight of a car, not to mention heavy rain, hail, and sandstorms. In addition, the membrane has very good ductility, and its fire resistance and heat resistance are obvious. It can be stretched to three to four times its own length without breaking. It can burn into a hole only when the ignition point is above 715 degrees, but it does not spread, there is no smoke, and no burning material falls out.
The exterior wall membrane of the "Water Cube" has a certain thickness, but it will crack if deliberately damaged. However, small area damage will not affect the entire bubble and can be easily repaired with special tape. The damaged outer membrane is repaired and re-inflated.
Thermal insulation
The inner membrane of the outer air pillow and the outer membrane of the inner air pillow of the "Water Cube" are plated with hundreds of millions of particles of varying densities. Plating points are used to control the transmittance of the film and solve the problem of direct sunlight, thus reducing the heat brought by sunlight and preventing the indoor temperature from being too high.
At the same time, the space between the two layers of air pillows in the "Water Cube" is closed, forming a thermally insulated unit. Ventilation is also a way to solve the heat dissipation problem. At the bottom of the periphery of the swimming center, there is a louver vent more than one meter high, which can connect the inside and outside with each other, discharge the heat through ventilation, and achieve a cooling effect. The above measures are mainly for summer. The thermal insulation policy in summer is to "insulate the outside but not the inside". Of course, the opposite is true in winter. In winter, the louver vents will also be closed to ensure indoor temperature.
Zheng Fang, the Chinese designer of the Water Cube and chief engineer of China Construction International (Shenzhen) Design Consulting Co., Ltd., explained that the indoor environment design of the "Water Cube" fully considered the needs of athletes and spectators. The competition hall and water play hall of the National Aquatics Center adopt louvers for natural air intake and upper mechanical exhaust, which can replace the forced fresh air volume. From the beginning of construction, the venue has undergone full-process health monitoring. In this way, the wind pressure and pulsation of the structure as well as changes in the temperature field can be truly recorded and analyzed, thereby ensuring that the indoor environment is warm in winter and cool in summer.
Can "breathe"
The roof of the "Water Cube" and the middle bottom opening of the two-layer membrane structure are equipped with natural exhaust fans, which is equivalent to setting up 8 natural ventilation fans. Through the opening, air comes in and goes out through the cavity in the roof, thus dissipating the heat in the building space.
All air pillows required for the outer membrane structure must pass three inspections before they can become part of the "Water Cube".
The first step of inspection is in the processing plant, which mainly checks the material inspection, thermal load inspection and appearance quality inspection of the membrane material. The second step is for the supervisory committee to re-examine the appearance quality of the entire air pillow at the construction site, and only agree to install it after passing the re-inspection. The last step is for the supervision engineer to conduct a comprehensive inspection on the appearance quality, fixation, and chamber height of the air pillow during the installation process.
The "Water Cube" can wash your face by yourself
The ETFE air pillow not only fully displays the visual effect of architectural aesthetics on the form of water - the expression of the water molecular structure in the foam state, At the same time, it also cooperates with the design of the "foam" structural system of the main steel structure to the greatest extent.
"ETFE membrane has strong self-cleaning properties." Zheng Fang, Chinese designer of the Water Cube and chief engineer of China Construction International (Shenzhen) Design Consulting Co., Ltd., explained that because the friction coefficient of this material is very Small, dust does not stick to it easily. Even if there is dust on it, the membrane can be rinsed clean immediately with a little rain. Even if you scrub it manually, wiping the ETFE film is much less labor-intensive than wiping the glass or wiping the table at home. The depressions between the “bubbles” also help to divert standing water so that it doesn’t allow mold to grow due to stagnant water.
"Architecture is like people's clothes. No matter how good the clothes are, they will be stained, and no matter how good the building is, it needs maintenance." Butler, the head of the Water Cube Exterior Design Company, once put forward this point of view. In fact, when the "Water Cube" was scheduled to be a "plastic" coat, it was given the "special function" of being able to "wash your face" with rainwater.
Energy saving and more than 9 hours of natural light every day
The inner film of the outer air pillow of the "Water Cube" and the outer film of the inner air pillow are plated with different densities. Small plating spots are used to control the transmittance of the film and reduce the heat brought by sunlight to prevent the indoor temperature from being too high. The sunlight passing through will form a comfortable greenhouse effect indoors, keeping the room warm and saving about 30% of energy.
The wonderful function of these plating points is not only this. The hundreds of millions of plating points distributed on the ETFE film can change the direction of the light and achieve the effect of heat insulation and light scattering. The dot matrix formed by these "plated dots" is like a pair of parasols, blocking the dazzling light and excess heat from the venue; and between the "parasols", the required light can be freely By ensuring the temperature and lighting of the venue.
In this regard, Kang Wei, deputy general manager of Beijing State-owned Assets Management Co., Ltd., the owner of the "Water Cube", said that the "Water Cube" is an energy-saving venue. It not only has a rainwater recycling system, but also has its own A reclaimed water station and a crystal water circulation treatment system have been built, and the rainwater utilization rate is approximately 0.76. “The Water Cube uses natural light for more than 9 hours a day, which also saves a lot of electricity.
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