Production, sowing and propagation of broom bonsai. When Bromus inermis seeds are fully mature, they are collected and sown in loose and fertile sandy soil (tidal sediments) or humus soil with good drainage. Transplanting with soil began in the nursery in June 5438+the third year 10 after emergence, and potted plants were generally carried out after 6 years of sowing. It will take at least 65,438+00 years to cultivate a vigorous and elegant broom stump bonsai through sowing and cultivation.
Modeling. The newly excavated Bromus stumps must be trimmed properly. If it is wild Bromus, it needs to be cultivated and stored for a certain period of time before it can be processed and shaped.
(1) After the stump is collected and transported back, it should be properly pruned according to the size of the basin and the physiological habits of the stump, and 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium permanganate or carbendazim, green milk copper, thiophanate-methyl and other 500 ~ 800 times solutions should be used. Then plant it in the nursery and water it. Wrap moss or grass on old piles and branches, coat the wounds of branches with white latex or vegetable oil, and then seal the big wounds with film.
(2) After the new buds germinate, remove the moss or grass covering the old piles and branches so as not to affect the growth of the buds. At this time, the underground part has not yet taken root, so it is necessary to build a shade shed, strengthen water management, reduce leaf water evaporation and prevent buds from being sunburned. When the buds grow to 1 ~ 2 cm, remove some unsuitable and over-dense buds to ensure the remaining buds to grow sturdily. Bud picking can be carried out in 3 ~ 4 times. (3) After the excavated Bromus stumps survive completely (that is, after 9 ~ 10 months in the second year), they should be observed and studied repeatedly according to the characteristics of the trees, conceived and finalized, and then processed.
④ Preliminary processing. After the Bromus stumps survived completely, they were transplanted with soil for many times with proper amount of water and fertilizer to make the roots retract and further prune the roots and branches to form the skeleton of bonsai. We should pay attention to give full play to its natural beauty, and keep the ridges, wrinkles, unevenness and ancient strangeness on the branches. We should consider the changes of height, size, distance and density, as well as the echo relationship between the front, back, left and right. At the same time, if there are trunk and main branches that need to be bent, it can also be done during this period. The preliminarily processed Bromus stumps can be cultivated for 1 ~ 2 years, and then planted in pots, and then further detailed processing will be carried out. Potting should be carried out before germination in spring.
⑤ Fine machining. According to the conception and design of pineapple bonsai, the following three steps are adopted for artistic treatment.
Pruning: cutting off the long branches of Bromus to promote the germination and growth of lateral buds under the incision. In this way, the Bromus stumps can be branched 2-4 times in 1 year, the number of branches can be increased, and the branch spacing at each level can be shortened, so that the stumps can be formed as soon as possible. In the future, on the basis of maintaining its beautiful appearance, cut off too many dense branches and let the broom stump grow normally.
Binding: According to the thickness of brome branches, select appropriate iron wire, steel wire or aluminum wire, wrap a layer of paper or cloth, and wrap it around the branches in the adjusted direction for bending. You can also tie the branches with brown silk or brown rope, bend them and hang them firmly with brown silk or brown rope. Note that whether it is bound with metal wire or brown wire, it should be loosened 1 time every 3 ~ 4 months to avoid the iron wire falling into the bark after the branches become thicker, which will affect the growth and beauty of the tree.
Rooting: To cultivate bare-rooted Spartina, you can put fertile soil in deep pots or nurseries, and the lower layer is sandy soil, so that new roots can be rooted in the fertile soil, and some sandy soil can be removed from time to time and moved into selected shallow pots, so that the roots are suspended and the stems are exposed, which makes them look vigorous and powerful.
Cultivation method of Bromus inermis bonsai 1 Water: Bromus inermis likes humid climate, and the relative temperature of air in the growing environment is required to be 70 ~ 80%. If the air relative humidity is too low, the lower leaves of Bromus will turn yellow and fall off, and the upper leaves will be dull. Potted Bromus should always keep the soil moist, especially when it is hot in midsummer and the weather is dry, we should pay attention to watering and spraying water frequently to prevent the soil from drying.
2. Fertilization: During the growth period of Bromus, except in rainy season, pancake fertilizer water or manure water should be applied frequently to make the branches and leaves green and bright, and grow vigorously.
3. Temperature: Bromus fragrans is native to tropical areas and likes high temperature and high humidity environment, so it has strict requirements on winter temperature. When the ambient temperature is lower than 10℃, bromegrass will stop growing, and it is unsafe to overwinter in frost.
4. Lighting: Bromus species. I like semi-dark environment. Autumn, winter and spring require sufficient sunshine, and summer requires more than 50% shading. Indoor maintenance of Bromus inermis, as far as possible in bright places, such as living room, bedroom, study and other places with good lighting. After indoor maintenance for a period of time, you should move to a cool place outside for a period of time, so that it can grow well alternately.
5. Pruning: Bromus is very resistant to pruning. After autumn every year, you can prune it once, thinning out some over-dense branches and cutting off all kinds of messy branches or long branches to maintain a certain modeling posture and promote its lush foliage. Bromus species. Strong germination ability, should be picked in time, so that axillary buds germinate side branches. The more picking times, the denser the branches and leaves.
6. Turning pots: once every 2-3 years, before germination in February-March in spring. Combined with pot turning, root lifting treatment is carried out step by step. Replace the hardened old soil above 1B2, and fill the basin bottom with base fertilizer.
7. Pest control: Insect pests are the main harm to Bromus, and longicorn can be coated with a mixture of sulfur and stone, and scale insects can absorb juice and can be killed by manual washing.
Matters needing attention in bonsai culture of Bromus plums 1. There should be plenty of water. Natural water such as river water, pond water and rainwater is better. If tap water is used, it needs to be stored for a day or two, so that the chlorine in it can run away and be reused. Do not use laundry water containing soap, oil and salt water.
Second, pay attention to excessive fertilization when applying fertilizer, because the branches and leaves are too long. If there is no fertilizer, the branches will become thinner and the leaves will turn yellow, which is easy to plant diseases and insect pests. Therefore, there should be principles for fertilization: new planting, new planting pots, new pots, and root damage should not be fertilized within one month. In spring and summer, potted trees must be fertilized in the peak season. After autumn, potted trees should be planted less when they grow slowly. Potted trees can stop fertilizing when they enter dormancy in winter. It is not suitable to fertilize around noon in rainy days or midsummer. It is best to loosen the soil on cloudy days or in the evening when the basin soil is slightly dry, so as to facilitate the infiltration of fertilizer and water into the soil. In order to accelerate the decomposition of fertilizer, water must be sprayed the next morning.
Third, the soil is good. Bromus stumps used to grow in wild areas, with developed roots and drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance. Once they are dug up and planted in shallow pots, their growth conditions are limited. If they are not properly maintained, they are easy to die, so they should be taken care of. To choose flower mud with good drainage, it is best to thicken the basin soil during the curing period. Change the new soil every two years and apply some base fertilizer to protect the fertile soil, so that the pile landscape can grow normally.
Fourth, pruning should be timely, generally in late spring and early autumn pruning is appropriate. In these two seasons, the broom stump has the strongest germination and the most prosperous growth. Long branches, overlapping branches, cross branches, radiating branches, dead branches and pest branches should be cut off at any time. But it should be noted that when the weather is hot, it is easy to burn new buds and roll leaves. Therefore, it is best to put it in the shade after pruning until the germination is normal.
Five, pests and diseases should be controlled. Common pests and diseases of Bromus stumps are longicorn, commonly known as? Bugs? . Female beetles bite bark and lay eggs on branches. The newly hatched larvae feed under the bark and grow into trunks and roots. Damaged plants are often eaten and die. During the prevention and control, we can judge the position of pests according to excreta, insert moderate wire-stinging larvae into the wormhole, or make holes with cotton balls soaked with 200 times dichlorvos, poison the larvae with drugs, and then seal them with wet mud.
Red spider, also known as fire spider, is also a common pest in broom stump landscape. Size less than 1 mm, orange-red or reddish-brown oval. Spiders weave webs on the leaves of plants and pierce branches and leaves with mouthparts to absorb juice. The chlorophyll of the damaged leaves was destroyed, the color turned yellow and faded, the leaves showed fine gray-yellow spots, the leaves gradually withered and fell off, and some even all the leaves fell off and died. It can be destroyed by spraying dichlorvos or dimethoate 1000 times to 1500 times.