The front and rear bumpers of vehicles are mainly made of metal materials, which are stamped into U-shaped channel steel with a thickness of more than 3 mm, and the surface is chrome plated. They are riveted or welded together with the frame longitudinal beam, and there is a big gap between them and the car body, which seems to be an additional part.

At present, some international automobile brands have begun to use aluminum alloy materials to manufacture anti-collision beams. The density of aluminum alloy is one third of that of steel, and the weight of aluminum alloy with the same volume is only one third of that of steel. The anti-collision beam of steel bumper is used to improve the tensile strength of steel plate, thus reducing the thickness and improving the energy absorption performance of the material. On the contrary, the aluminum alloy bumper anti-collision beam can improve the energy absorption performance by optimizing the structural design and setting different thicknesses. Properly designed aluminum alloy bumper beam is not only lighter than steel bumper beam, but also can absorb more energy.