Maintenance and management cultivation techniques of potted roses
Rose is called the queen of flowers, also known as "Moon Red", a deciduous shrub in Rosaceae. Potted rose is a new variety of Rosaceae. Its plant type is short, spherical and has many flower heads. Because of its unique character, it is also called "diamond rose", which is mainly used for potted ornamental, lawn decoration and pattern layout. In this paper, the author briefly summarizes the water and fertilizer, flowering and pruning of low-plant rose varieties.
Variety selection of 1
Roses suitable for potted plants should first have the characteristics of many flowers, fragrance and rich colors, such as giant flowering roses Elizabeth, golden giants and other varieties, which are not suitable for potted plants because of their large plant types; Varieties of variegated fragrant roses, such as liberty bell and golden phoenix, are not suitable for potted plants because of their sparse and tall branches, irregular flowers and difficult modeling. In recent years, the more popular varieties are:
(1) mini rose. Such as baby black and red, a pearl, baby colorful, jade exquisite and other varieties, short and compact plant type, petite and lovely leaves and flowers. There are ancient trees and playing with stones, which can show the natural landscape of ups and downs of mountains and bushes.
(2) Ground cover rose. Such as tapestry, Meilan Bai Bo, Little Swan and Danxue, with parallel branches, short plant type and many branches, are most suitable for potted plants, but the ground planting is not obvious.
(3) flowering roses. The trees are covered with branches and leaves, with dense flowers and rich colors. According to different colors, the white series includes white lightning, white jade Dan Xin, white stone Kelly, etc. The red series includes American Red, Pilgrim, Water King, Choir, Berlin, Star, Cheers, Xiangyun and Lushimei. The yellow series includes Gold Exchange, Freedom God, Tianhe Weaver Girl, Beidou, Venus, Button Yellow and so on. The blue series include Blue Moon, Song of Paris, Clone Carnival, Indemezzo, and Madame Axes. The pink series includes the Paris Tower, Paradise, Xinghua Village, Yun Ge, Goddess, Cloud Crepe, Primula, All Love, etc. The purple series includes Fragrant Purple Velvet, Black Cyclone, Father of Mi 'ang, Nocturne, Zhu Guang Mo Ying, Zhu Mo Shuang Hui and so on. Flowers are brightly colored and have strong ornamental value.
(4) variegated fragrant roses. The tree is symmetrical and beautiful, with bright branches and leaves, full flowers, rich and bright colors and various varieties. Common variegated fragrant varieties are: Jinbeihong, Love Song, Fudan, Monte Carlo, Fire in Snow, Steel Flower, Happiness, Peace, Zhijiage Peace, Beijing Peace, Su Yuhua, Carpet, Perfect, Sirisena, Credit, Vendors, Double Happiness, Colorful and so on. , rich in color, blooming all year round, with strong ornamental value.
2 growth habits
Potted rose has strong adaptability to climate and soil, cold and drought tolerance. Although the requirements for soil are not high, I like microstrip acid sandy loam with rich organic matter and good drainage. I like an environment with abundant sunshine, good air circulation, good drainage and shelter from the wind, but I need proper shade and warmth in midsummer and have the habit of continuous flowering.
3 Maintenance management
The key links of potted rose maintenance are the control of flowering conditions, management over summer and pest control methods.
3. 1 flowering conditions
3. 1. 1 Sufficient light. Potted roses are masculine flowers. Adequate illumination and a well-ventilated environment are the primary conditions for the flowers to flourish, and the illumination time is preferably more than half a day.
3. 1.2 frequent pruning. Potted rose has slender branches, strong branching ability and annual flowering habit, and its pruning can be divided into two situations. One is drying in the growing period, mainly cutting off the dense branches, weak branches or residual flowers; The other is mainly pruning in dormant period, leaving branches about 10~ 15 cm, and the pruning position is about 1 cm above the outward extending leaf buds. The main purpose of pruning is to improve the crown shape, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions and concentrate nutrients.
3. 1.3 Adequate water and fertilizer. First of all, the cultivation substrate is loose and fertile humus or loam with good texture, mixed with organic fertilizers such as bean shells, bean cakes or cow dung, so that the rose can continuously absorb various nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the soil. In the vigorous growth period, topdressing 1 "Woye water-soluble fertilizer" 1 time every1d, while supplying sufficient nutrients, it is necessary to master the temperature. 20~25℃ is the optimum temperature for the growth of Chinese rose, and it is difficult to grow above 30℃.
3.2 Summer management
In hot and humid summer, potted roses will go into dormancy or semi-dormancy due to high temperature. In order to ensure its flowering throughout the summer, it is necessary to strengthen the management of potted rose in summer, carry out rejuvenation and maintenance, break the dormancy period and make it bloom continuously throughout the summer. The main management measures are shading ventilation and more fertilization water.
3.2. 1 sunshade and ventilation. The root growth of potted rose is limited, and high temperature is easy to dry the cultivation substrate, which affects the physiological activities of the root system and needs shading to cool down. Just put the flowerpot in a hidden place to receive scattered light before noon.
3.2.2 Add more water. In order to prevent dormancy caused by high temperature, a large number of Chinese roses need to ensure sufficient nutrients and water. Therefore, in the summer flowering period, topdressing 1 time every 7~ 10 d, or topdressing bean cake and rice washing water after closed fermentation, and spraying more water at the same time, and spraying 1 time in the morning and evening to create a humid environment.
3.3 Cultivation techniques
3.3. 1 pruning. When potted roses bloom, they should be cut off in time to make plants produce some new vegetative branches to replace the old ones. The specific methods are as follows: when the flowers wither, cut them off at 3~5 nodes under the flowers, and follow the principle that the long flowers are shorter and the flowers are less pruned; The main flower branch is cut long, and the lateral flower branch is cut off at the level of the main branch; The last flower branch on each main branch is sparse and robust, and the principle of re-cutting is implemented to stimulate the germination of vigorous new branches on low-node main branches.
3.3.2 Picking buds. The growth space of potted roses is limited, so conservation measures should be taken to achieve the purpose of nutrient concentration, prolonged flowering period, batch opening and gorgeous flowering. In the growing period, bud wiping, bud picking and disability removal should be carried out continuously. Bud smearing is aimed at young buds that grow too much in spring, except for 2~3 main buds on the main branches, the rest are smoothed. Bud picking is to avoid excessive and deformed flowers and remove the flowers that are too crowded during pregnancy; Stubble removal is to cut off the flowers and the following two compound leaves in time during the flower withering period.
3.3.3 Prevention of diseases. Potted roses are prone to black spot and powdery mildew in the vigorous growth period. Chlorothalonil, bactericide and thiophanate-methyl can be sprayed in turn every 10 d to prevent diseases and ensure their normal growth and flowering.