1. Mulberry planting and garden construction
Mulberry ridge has strong adaptability and low requirements for soil, but sandy loam of about 6.5 is better. Generally, cultivated land can be used for planting.
Mulberry roots are afraid of water accumulation, so the irrigation and drainage system should be opened well when preparing soil to avoid water accumulation in roots.
2. Reasonable close planting
Reasonable close planting can improve the economic benefit of mulberry field. If the planting density is too low, the abundant period will be postponed. If the planting density is too high, it will affect its photosynthesis, and it is inconvenient to pick fruits, which will easily lead to fruit drop. The general planting density is about 160-667 square meters, and the plant spacing is 2mx2 m. ..
Mulberry can be planted in autumn, winter and spring, and the best time to plant mulberry is from the time when mulberry leaves fall in autumn to the time before germination in the following spring. Two months before planting, planting holes should be opened, 40 cm wide and 30 cm deep. Before planting 1 month, 10 kg chicken manure and 0. Apply 25 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer to each hole as base fertilizer, and lift the pier for later use. When planting, the mulberry seedlings should be straight, the roots should spread evenly around, planted shallowly and on the spot, and watered with sufficient water.
3. Mulberry pruning
Shaping and pruning make mulberry trees have a certain number of branches, which are evenly distributed, ensure the ventilation and transparency of mulberry gardens, and result in strong mother branches. After survival, cut off the branches more than 40 cm from the ground and erect the trunk.
Leave 3~5 buds in different positions and directions on the trunk. When the new shoots grow to about 30cm, pick the core to promote the development of lateral branches, cultivate 3~5 main branches, 8~ 15 secondary main branches in different directions, and bear multiple layers of branches. After entering the harvest period, all the branches on the main branches should be cut off after picking the fruits every year, and the bad branches should be cut off together with the long branches at the base.
Promote the growth of new shoots and cultivate new fruiting mother branches. After cutting, 12~ 15 buds are evenly left in different directions, and the rest are all erased. When the new bud grows to 15- 20cm, the core is removed. Generally, after three enucleations, the growth of Sang Mu stopped in the middle and late June of 10. When pruning in winter, cut off the branches with diseases and insect pests, dead branches, weak branches and excessively long short branches, so as to promote the balanced growth of branches and keep the plant height no more than 2m from the ground, which is convenient for fruit picking in the next year.
4. Fertilizer and water management
In order to improve the yield and quality of mulberry, more organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be applied, and the coordination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be mastered, especially the use of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled in summer and autumn. Young trees should be applied sparingly in Qinying, so as to meet their nutritional growth needs as much as possible and lay a good foundation for the next year's flowering and fruiting. The trees put into production are topdressing 3-4 times a year.
① Winter fertilizer: Winter fertilizer is the basic fertilizer of mulberry field, which is mainly used to improve the soil and improve the soil fertility during the dormancy period of mulberry trees, and it is the guarantee of fertilizer use throughout the year. We should mainly apply decomposed human and animal fertilizers and soil miscellaneous fertilizers.
② Spring fertilizer: In spring, mulberry trees germinate and branches grow, which requires a lot of nutrients. Therefore, quick-acting fertilizer and compound fertilizer 10 kg+ 5 kg urea were applied before mulberry germination.
(3) Fruit swelling fertilizer: In order to make young fruits swell rapidly, sufficient nutrients are needed, and 15 kg/ 667 m2 quick-acting compound fertilizer should be applied. After that, spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves for topdressing outside the roots is beneficial to improve the sugar content and color of mulberry fruits.
The water demand period of Sangkan is mainly spring germination period and summer and autumn period. During these two periods, mulberry trees need a lot of water, especially in autumn, when the drought is severe and all the leaves are lost. In winter, the weather is warm, and it is winter in mulberry bud. Therefore, the water demand of mulberry can be met by irrigation and furrow irrigation. When there is too much rain in the rainy season, mulberry fields should prevent water accumulation and mulberry roots from rotting, and drainage ditches should be opened to reduce the groundwater level.
5. Mulberry pest control
The main diseases in Sangkan are brown spot, anthracnose and powdery mildew, and comprehensive control should be taken.
(1) Every winter, the pruned litter is burned, combined with fertilization and buried deeply, and the whole garden is disinfected with lime.
② Spraying 75% chlorothalonil 1 800 times at flowering stage.
③ Spray 800 times solution of 65% mancozeb or 800 times solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl on the whole garden at the time of onset.
The main pests of mulberry are: Apriona germari, inchworm and caterpillar.
Apriona germari mainly damages from late May to mid-August every year. Larvae can be injected into the borehole or plugged with cotton wool, and adults can be caught manually. Incluss and caterpillars can be sprayed with 48% loxone 1500 times solution or 20% methomyl 2000 times solution.
Step 6 harvest at the right time
When the mulberry just turns from red to purple and is crystal clear, it should be picked alone in the early morning. Be careful not to break the epidermis when picking, and it will easily lead to fruit drop if it is picked too late.
Replication technology
Drought-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, barren-resistant, adaptable to soil, and propagated through seeds, grafting and layering.
seed
Take purple ripe mulberry, rub off the peel, wash the seeds, and then sow or store them in wet sand. Spring sowing, summer sowing and autumn sowing can be done. Summer sowing and autumn sowing can use new seeds of that year. Soak seeds in warm water at 50℃ before sowing, soak them for 65,438+02 hours after natural cooling, and store them in wet sand to accelerate germination and keep them moist all the time. When the seed coat breaks and turns white, sow them. The row spacing is 20cm×30cm, the ditch depth is 1cm, and the seed dosage per 1 hectare is 7.5 ~ 15kg. Cover the soil. It appears after about 10 days. Seedling height is 3 ~ 4 cm, so it should be sparse, weak, reserved and replanted. In spring and autumn, plant seedlings at the spacing of 10 ~ 15 cm.
transplant
Bagging grafting method: 20 days before grafting, the cuttings are cut and stored in wet sand to separate the cortex and xylem at the incision of the rootstock into bags, and then the cuttings are inserted until they are tightly inserted. Bud grafting: T-bud grafting or tubular bud grafting (socket) is adopted in spring and summer.
floor
In early spring, the mother plant is horizontally fixed on the ground, buried in the ditch, exposed at the top, compacted with soil, and separated from the mother plant after rooting. Plant in spring or autumn. According to the row spacing of 2m×0.4m and the hole diameter of 0.5~0.7m, apply decomposed manure at the bottom of the hole, spread a thin layer of soil on the hole, fill in the surface soil after planting, lift the plants upwards and stretch their roots, then fill in the core soil, compact and water. After plastic surgery, some tree species (such as mulberry, dwarf mulberry, medium dry mulberry, high Qian mulberry, Joe mulberry, etc. ) cultivate by pruning, thinning buds and removing cores.
Pruning can be done with fists. Pruning at the base every year, the latent buds grow new branches, and after a few years, they become fist-shaped tree bumps at the pruning place. There are also boxing-free pruning methods, branch-preserving and bud-preserving pruning methods, etc.
Diseases include mulberry atrophy, mulberry wilt, mulberry brown spot, mulberry root-knot nematode disease and so on. Pests include mulberry borer, mulberry geometrid, weevil, mulberry whitefly, mulberry beetle, mulberry thrips, mulberry mites and so on.