The following are the close planting cultivation techniques of early-maturing seedless grapes in South China for reference: 1. Jianyuan 1. Variety selection To build seedless vineyards in the south, seedless varieties suitable for high humidity and high temperature climate in the south should be selected, and European and American hybrids are the most suitable. Judging from the current situation, Venus seedless (that is, blue ocean, Venus seedless), Xiahei, seedless Prince (86 12) and Himlraut are the best early-maturing seedless grapes, and their economic benefits are several times higher than those of Giant Bee and Fujiminori. This variety not only adapts to the climate characteristics in the south, but also matures early and has high yield, which is suitable for large-scale economic planting in the south. 2. Seedless grapes have strong adaptability to land selection and soil preparation, and are characterized by light-loving, waterlogging-resistant and lax requirements for soil. When the garden is built, sandy land with abundant sunshine and flat terrain is still selected, and slightly acidic to neutral soil with PH value of 6-7 is more suitable. Before planting, it is best to ditch in the north-south direction to improve the soil. The width of the trench is 80- 100 cm, the depth of the trench is 60 cm, and the length is unlimited. Crop straw, soil miscellaneous fertilizer, weeds and phosphate fertilizer can be layered and furrowed. If the conditions are not met, it can also be planted, and then expanded year by year to improve the soil. Seedless grapes can be planted from September to March every year. When planting seedlings, 3-5 buds should be cut short to promote vigorous branches, and green leaf seedlings should be picked at a height of 30 cm to promote branches. The planting density of seedless grapes should depend on the frame shape used. At present, the best in South China is the double-wall hedge frame. Under this frame shape, the row spacing is 2× 0.5m (666 plants per mu) or 2× 1 m (333 plants per mu). In addition, you can also use a V-shaped frame with a row spacing of 2.5 × 0.8m (333 plants per mu). After planting, you must immediately water your feet. Second, shaping and pruning (a) shaping seedless grapes grow very fast, and a large number of flower buds can be formed in the first year of planting, and there will be a certain yield in the second year, so it is necessary to build a shaping framework when planting. 1. Double-walled hedge frame: This frame is the most widely used in South China at present, with good ventilation and light transmission, high output and fast production. Its modeling method is: planting with the row spacing of 2× 0.5m or 2×1m.. Erect scaffolding immediately after planting. Scaffolding materials can be cement columns, stone pillars, wooden sticks and thick bamboo poles. Thick bamboo poles have the lowest cost and are the most convenient for scaffolding. When the frame is built, two rows of columns with a height of about 2 meters are erected at the left and right ends 40-50 cm away from the planting line, and the column spacing depends on the material of the frame. Take thick bamboo poles as an example, the spacing is about 1.5× 2m. Tie a small bamboo pole on the pole 50-60cm above the ground, then tie a bamboo pole every 40-50cm (iron wire can also be used instead of bamboo pole) to fix branches and vines, and add a horizontal pole at the top of the pole every 2-4m to fix the fence frame. After the frame is completed, four branches are selected as the main vines for each plant. When the new shoots grow to 50-60 cm, tie them to the first bamboo pole or iron wire at the left and right ends with plastic ropes, and remove all the vines. When the new shoot grows to 1 m, the degree of pinching is determined according to the thickness of the branch. The principle is that strong branches stay long and weak branches stay short. In summer, the secondary branches leave 1-2 leaves, and the seeds are removed repeatedly, which promotes the growth of the main vine and makes the buds full, which is beneficial to the next year's fruit. In the first year of winter pruning, leave 4-6 buds on the main vine for short pruning. As the result part moves up year by year, it is generally updated in rotation every 3-4 years to reduce the result part. 2.v-shaped frame. Close planting garden suitable for 2.5× 0.8m planting. In the year of planting, the plastic frame was built. Bamboo poles, cement columns and iron wires can also be used as frame materials. Now take bamboo poles as an example to illustrate: when planting in that year, the seedlings were 30 cm high and began to set up sheds. When scaffolding, two bamboo poles (about 2.5 meters long, the same below) will be inserted obliquely above the seedlings, intersecting with the ground 30 cm at a 90-degree angle, and perpendicular to the row direction, and a pair will be inserted obliquely every 2 ~ 3 meters, and the upper ends of the bamboo poles will be fixed with straight bamboo poles. Then, tie the first bamboo pole horizontally (parallel to the row direction) to the obliquely inserted bamboo pole 30cm away from the intersection, tie the second horizontal bamboo pole 50cm away from the first horizontal bamboo pole, and tie the third horizontal bamboo pole 60cm away from the second horizontal bamboo pole. When the seedlings are planted, 3-4 buds should be cut short (when the seedlings are planted at a height of 20cm, the buds should be picked to promote branching). Tie two new shoots to the first horizontal bamboo pole. When the new bud grows to 30 cm, the core will be removed to promote branching. Each new shoot will have two evenly growing branches ***4, which will be used as mother shoots for culture, and other branches will be erased. When four new shoots grow to 50cm, the core is removed and the secondary leaves are 1 ~ 2. The remaining secondary branches are erased for the first time, and the secondary branches are 65433. When cutting in winter in the first year, leave 2 ~ 3 buds for each main branch. In the second year, each grape can produce 8 ~ 10 fruiting branches, and the plant yield can reach 5 ~ 10 kg. 3. Single dragon modeling. This tree is a new one, which is characterized by leaving a main vine to grow vertically and fixing it with thicker branches. 6-8 lateral vines are selected from the main vines as fruiting branches, 3-5 buds are reserved for pruning fruiting branches every year, and 2-4 new branches are selected on them to bear fruit, so it is updated every year. In addition, the application of single-wall fence frame is more, so I won't introduce it here. (2) Pruning Himlraut seedless grapes has a large growth, so attention should be paid to pruning in summer. Pruning in summer is mainly to pick the main shoots several times to thicken the main vines, and leave 1 ~ 2 leaves for the secondary shoots to pick the core repeatedly, so as to promote the development of winter buds and form flower buds. At the same time, coring can control the excessive growth of nutrition, protect flowers and fruits, and improve quality and yield. Pruning in winter is mainly to select and keep the fruiting vines in the second year to control the yield. Generally, 3-6 buds are reserved for pruning the fruiting vines. Depending on the variety, all buds of Jinxing seedless grape 1-6 can form flower buds, which are suitable for very short pruning, and 1-3 buds can be reserved for short pruning. Himlrault must reserve 3-6 buds for short-term pruning. Each plant will maintain 4-6 fruiting branches for a long time, and the rest will be sparse or updated according to the situation.