1. Dahlia cultivation method
1, cultivated soil management
(1) The cultivated soil is made of vegetable garden soil, humus soil, sandy soil and feces, and the specific ratio is 5: 2: 2: 1.
(2) In the daily management process, loosen the soil regularly to ensure that the soil is loose and breathable, and at the same time remove excess water in time to avoid dahlia root rot.
2. Water management
(1) Plants need less water at seedling stage, so they can conserve moisture (water once a day on sunny days).
(2) In the late growth stage, plants are luxuriant in foliage and consume a lot of water, so it is necessary to follow? Dry and wet? The principle of timely replenishment of water.
(3) If it is spring and the weather changes greatly, just keep the soil moist. If it is summer, in order to reduce the temperature and increase the air humidity, spray water 1-2 times a day, and pour water once at about 3-4 pm (the amount of water should not be too large). If it is autumn, it is necessary to water less to avoid the wild growth of flowers and affect the next year's flowering. If it is winter, Dahlia is dormant at this time, which can keep the basin soil slightly dry.
(4) In spring and autumn, watering is generally conducted at 10 in the morning and 4: 00 in the afternoon. If it is summer, it is forbidden to water at noon, because the difference between soil temperature and water temperature at this time is too big, which will easily lead to the obstruction of the physiological activities of Dahlia root system, weaken the absorption of water by the root system, lead to physiological drought and wither the branches and leaves. If it is winter, generally choose to water at noon.
3. Fertilization management
At (1) seedling stage, topdressing should be done every 10- 15 days. After budding, dilute fertilizer solution is applied every 7- 10 days or so (the concentration of fertilizer solution increases gradually). Stop fertilizing when the buds are colored.
(2) If it is winter, the temperature is low, Dahlia is dormant, and fertilization is not needed. If it is summer, Dahlia is usually in a semi-dormant state, and there is no need to apply fertilizer or only a very thin fertilizer solution. If it is spring and autumn, dahlias grow rapidly and should be topdressing more.
(3) At the seedling stage of Dahlia, more nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied to promote the growth of stems, branches and roots. Phosphate fertilizer should be applied before dahlias bloom and bud stage to achieve the purpose of big flowers, beautiful colors and full buds. After the flower buds are colored, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaves to avoid falling flowers and buds.
(4) Dahlia has a delicate root system, so it is not suitable to apply thick fertilizer during the whole growth period.
4, plastic, pruning management
(1) The pruning of Dahlia needs to choose the appropriate branch type according to the specific varieties. If it is a medium-sized variety, generally choose four plastic. If it is a large variety, a unique plastic surgery is generally chosen.
(2) Quadruple shaping: the plant is enucleated, and two basal segments are reserved to promote the formation of four lateral branches, while the terminal buds of the four lateral branches are reserved.
(3) Unique plastic surgery: only the terminal bud of the plant is reserved, and all the buds of other organs are removed.
5. Support management
(1) Dahlia stems are brittle and easy to break, so bamboo poles need to be inserted in time for support.
(2) When the plant grows to more than 30cm, insert a small bamboo pole beside each branch and tie it tightly with a string. In the future, as the plant grows taller, replace the appropriate bamboo pole in time (the last bamboo pole should be placed under the bud).
6. Overwintering management
Around June 165438+ 10, when the overground part of the plant withers, cut off the overground part and move the flowerpot indoors. If planted in the ground, dig out the root tuber, dry it in the sun for 1-2 days, then bury it in slightly wet sand at a temperature not exceeding 5℃, and plant it again in the next spring.
7. Pest control
Mainly pay attention to the prevention and control of powdery mildew, gray mold, bacterial wilt, virus disease, stem borer and other pests and diseases.
Second, matters needing attention in Dahlia cultivation
1, lighting
(1) Dahlia prefers light to shade. During the cultivation process, the daily light duration should be more than 6 hours (10- 12 hours is appropriate).
(2) If the daily light duration is less than 4 hours, Dahlia will branch, and the formation of flower seedlings will be blocked. At the same time, the flowers will be small and weak, and Dahlia will not bloom in severe cases.
2. Temperature
(1) Dahlia likes a cool environment. During its growth, it can grow normally at 5-35℃ and grow well at 15-25℃.
(2) Dahlia has poor cold tolerance, and its stems and leaves wither rapidly after frost.
Step 3: Moisture
(1) Dahlia has poor drought and waterlogging tolerance. What should be followed when watering? Dry and wet? The principle of.
(2) The root system of Dahlia is fleshy, and too much soil moisture is easy to cause root rot. At the same time, Dahlia has lush foliage, large evaporation capacity and needs a lot of water. Once lack of water, failure to replenish water in time, and direct sunlight will cause the leaves to scorch and even fall off.
4. Land
The soil suitable for dahlia cultivation is loose and fertile sandy loam with good drainage, and the soil ph value is about 6.7-7.8.