(1), watering is the main measure to ensure the survival of seedlings, especially in the north, where there is less rain and more evaporation in spring. If the water supply is insufficient, the survival rate of seedlings will be seriously affected. After planting seedlings, the soil between rows can be ridged every 4 ~ 6 rows to facilitate irrigation. It is required to water the seedlings for the first time within 24 hours after sowing, for the second time every 3-5 days and for the third time every 5-7 days. After three times of irrigation, it can be decided whether to irrigate according to the weather and seedling conditions. The amount of water should not be too large or too small. If there is too much water, the soil will become soft and the seedlings will easily lodging. Too little water affects survival. After irrigation or heavy rainfall, seedlings are prone to lodging, tilting or exposing their roots. If this happens, it should be straightened, ridged and covered immediately, otherwise, with the germination and growth of seedlings, the seedlings will become bent in a few days. When supporting the seedlings, you can dig up the soil near the roots of the seedlings, straighten the seedlings, find the direction between the straight line and the plants, and then return the soil to be practical. After planting seedlings three times in a row, when the soil in the seedbed sinks and pits appear, it should be leveled and filled in time. It can also be combined with intertillage to level the ground, so that the seedlings can get the same amount of water and prevent uneven drought and flood. Poplar likes water, so it is necessary to master the principle of "rather wet than dry" when watering. At seedling stage, the root system is shallow and sensitive to water. Generally, the surface soil should be kept moist, and a small amount of irrigation should be carried out many times. In the fast-growing period of seedlings, the growth is rapid and the water demand is large, so it should be irrigated with large water to make it dry and wet clearly and thoroughly. However, irrigation should be stopped in the late growth stage to prevent seedlings from growing white and promote lignification. Generally, watering should be controlled at the end of summer. Irrigation time: it is best to water it once in the morning and once in the evening, not at noon when the temperature is the highest.

(2) Intertillage weeding is a routine work of seedling management. Tillage and weeding are two concepts, but they can be combined. Generally, intertillage weeding is best carried out after rain or irrigation. When the soil is wet, uproot the grass and loosen the soil well. Soon after the seedlings are newly planted, most of the soil surface layer is exposed to the air, which is not only extremely dry, but also easy to breed weeds. During this period, intertillage weeding should be carried out in time to promote the root development of seedlings. Generally, the root system of seedlings should be cultivated shallowly, and the rows between plants can be deepened appropriately, generally 3 ~ 5cm. Cultivation in rainy season can promote gas exchange and evaporation of gaseous water, and prevent seedlings from waterlogging. The northern area is generally dry in spring and weeds have stopped growing in autumn. During these two periods, intertillage was the main method, and weeding was the main method in summer. The fast-growing period of weeds is around the rainy season. During this period, weeding should be strengthened and the principle of early weeding, small weeding and large weeding should be adhered to. For perennial weeds, all underground parts must be dug up, otherwise it will become more and more difficult to remove.

(3) Topdressing can timely supplement the demand for nutrients in the vigorous growth period of seedlings, promote the growth and development of seedlings, and improve the quality. Poplar needs more phosphorus in seedling stage, more nitrogen in peak season and more potassium when it stops growing in autumn. After the seedlings are planted, 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaves, which should be done in cloudy days or humid air in the morning and evening. Generally, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on leaves three or four times a month. Newly transplanted poplar seedlings should be fertilized in the early stage, but the fertilizer concentration should not be too high to avoid burning new roots. In the fast-growing period of seedlings, the amount and frequency of fertilization should be increased, at least once a month. Urea can be used as topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, which can be divided into dry application and wet application. Dry application can be spread and furrow application. Spreading is to spread the chemical fertilizer evenly on the soil between seedlings, and cover the soil with shallow hoe 1 ~ 2 times after spreading; Ditch application is to ditch between rows of seedlings, generally at the distance of 0/5 ~ 20 cm from seedling root/kloc-,apply chemical fertilizer into the ditch, and then cover the soil. When ditching, we should pay attention to the depth of ditching in the root distribution layer, so as to facilitate the seedlings to absorb fertilizer. Wet application is to dissolve fertilizer in water and spread it on the seedbed or between rows. It is best to water it again after application to avoid burns. The application of nitrogen fertilizer should be carried out in spring and summer, and the last application of nitrogen fertilizer should not be later than "beginning of autumn". Prevent the virtual growth of seedlings and reduce the overwintering ability of poplar seedlings. Nitrogen fertilizer must be stopped from August to September, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are the main ones. Promote the lignification and root growth of poplar seedlings and improve the cold resistance of seedlings.

(4) The shaping and pruning of boxwood itself has a strong top advantage, strong germination ability and relatively weak branching ability. Through proper pruning, the ideal trunk and plump lateral branches can be cultivated, making the tree complete, symmetrical, compact and fruitful. Poplar is suitable for pruning in winter and summer. Generally, plastic pruning is mostly carried out in the summer and autumn tree growing season. Through shaping and pruning, the cut branches can be cut and propagated. Shaping is generally aimed at small trees, and pruning is aimed at big trees (or big seedlings). The pruning at seedling stage is of great significance to the tree body and posture in the future. Poplar seedlings generally have obvious main stems, and most of the lateral branches are born in the middle and lower parts of the tree. Trunk is generally not used for plastic pruning. The purpose of keeping trunk is to keep the growth potential of the top, so that the tree can grow straight and tall in the future. For the lateral branches at the base of young trees, the whole branch can be cut short; Or cut it lightly and cut it short, leaving only a few buds. Boxwood as an ornamental tree has many spires and cones. Under normal circumstances, the pruning of adult trees is only to cut off the long branches and competing branches growing on the trunk to avoid the phenomenon of double-headed and double-dry. If there is a phenomenon of bulls, which affects the height development of the crown, we should find out the main branches or replace them as soon as possible to cultivate high growth advantages and make the lateral branches evenly distributed. Generally, when cultivating skeleton branches, only 30 ~ 40 cm trunk is exposed at the lower part, and the main branches are evenly distributed at the upper part; Depending on the future application, you can also keep the trunk high as needed.

(5) At the seedling stage, the seedling tissue is tender, the planting time is not long, and the root system of the plant is not developed and rooted deeply. At this time, the resistance of seedlings is not strong. Seedling protection is very important. Correct cultivation techniques must be adopted in production to promote the growth of seedlings, enhance their stress resistance, create environmental conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence and development of disaster factors, and improve the yield and quality of seedlings.

systems modelling

Before modeling, the trunk of boxwood can be cut off, so that new techniques can germinate around or below the section. Then, according to the requirements of artistic modeling, the branches can be climbed and tied, preferably with brown silk in spring. It can also be roughly tied and finely cut, made into clouds or steamed buns, or processed into natural trees. The trunk is naturally made into inclined stem type or prone type.

water

Poplar likes to be wet, so it needs to be watered frequently to keep the basin soil or planting land wet, but it is not allowed to accumulate water. During the high temperature period in summer, water in the morning and evening, and spray water on the leaves.

Fertilize soil or land

During the growth period of boxwood, 2-3 times of pancake fertilizer and water can be applied, and 1 times of base fertilizer can be applied in winter, and both cooked manure and dry cake fertilizer leftovers can be used.

decrease

During the growth of boxwood, long branches, overlapping branches and redundant branches that affect the tree shape can be cut off at any time.

Poplar germinates faster. Generally, after new buds germinate, the top 1-2 nodes are cut off to prevent excessive growth. After the fruit is harvested, it should be picked in time to avoid consuming nutrients and affecting the growth of trees.

Seedlings propagated by sowing or cutting can be transplanted into flowerpots or fields after several years of cultivation. You can also choose old piles from Shan Ye, dig them out, trim long roots and dense branches, cultivate them in the open field for 1-2 years, and then put them in pots or transplant them to other places.

For bonsai, the soil is cultivated by mixing a proper amount of ridge bran ash on the basis of mature pastoral soil or humus soil, and the soil with good ventilation and water permeability is better; The pots on the old pile should be covered with soil.

If transplanted in the field, plant it in a sunny and fertile place and water it properly.

Boxwood is cold-resistant and can be germinated before spring. When planting, the root system should be trimmed too long and too dense, and the root nest should not be bent in the basin. The newly planted boxwood should be placed in a semi-shady place. Sowing propagation

Buxus buxus seeds mature from September to June, 65438+ 10, and are harvested and dried. They are planted in deep and fertile open fields, where they are allowed to frost and freeze in the sun. In the early spring of the following year, cover with thin soil to keep the soil moist, and then start germination and seedling raising at the vernal equinox. Buxus buxus seedlings grow slowly, and when they grow to 3-4 cm, they can be planted alone. It takes 4-5 years for seedlings to blossom and bear fruit. In the years after flowering, the average flower grower always picks all the flower buds to reduce nutrient consumption and promote nutrient growth. Taking advantage of its natural growth, a little pruning will soon form a spherical canopy, which has preliminary ornamental value.

cutting

Cutting is the main method to propagate Buxus buxus. The time should be in March of spring or August of autumn, with the stem of the seedling as the cutting, the terminal bud is about 7 cm long, all the lower branches and leaves are cut off, and the upper leaves are reserved. In order to promote rooting of cuttings, 0. 0 10 10 You can soak the cutting base 1 20 hours with the aqueous solution of naphthylacetic acid, then insert it into the sandy soil with a depth of 3 cm, and spray it with a fine-hole watering can1time. At the same time, it is necessary to build a shed to block the sun, keep the soil moist, and often spray atomized water on the leaves to increase the air humidity and keep the celery from wilting. The main pests of boxwood are scale insects and boxwood. Manual brushing or spraying with 80% dichlorvos 1500 times can kill scale insects; Spray Euonymus japonicus with 80% trichlorfon powder or 40% omethoate 1000-2000 times solution.

The main pathogen is sooty blotch, which can cause defoliation. The key to prevention and control is to remove scale insects, often spray foliar water and wash dust to make them grow well. Frost damage

In early spring or late autumn, when the seedlings are not lignified, the tissues are tender and contain more water. When the temperature drops below 0℃ for a short time, some young cells of seedlings are damaged by freezing and dehydration. The following points should be paid attention to in cultivation technical measures: (1) When choosing planting sites, it is not suitable to plant seedlings in forests, narrow valleys and low-lying areas where cold currents are easy to gather; Sowing at the right time, sowing in the open field should not be carried out in the late season after autumn; In the late stage of seedling growth, stop applying nitrogen fertilizer and irrigate less or no water to control overgrowth and promote lignification of seedlings. According to the weather forecast, semi-dry and non-wet firewood will be ignited, which will spread smoke on the ground and prevent frost. Under normal circumstances, poplar seedlings are extremely frost-resistant, so only a little attention is needed in production.

Overwintering protection

Poplar has strong cold resistance, and adult trees can keep green and not shed leaves at the low temperature of -23.9℃. However, it is necessary for production units to do proper cold protection at seedling stage. Good winter protection can accelerate the growth of seedlings, improve the quality of seedlings and lay a good foundation for the rapid growth of seedlings in the coming spring. Especially in the north, winter is very cold and the air is dry. If the seedlings are not protected, although Populus euphratica has strong cold resistance, the plants will not die, but the "autumn shoots" growing in autumn will appear because of the low degree of lignification, which will affect the growth height of seedlings. Moreover, in the next spring, the seedlings will resume to grow slowly, which is not conducive to the rapid production of high-quality seedlings. After winter, before the land is frozen, the seedlings are irrigated with frozen water, and then they are protected by supporting film mulching. At both ends and in the middle of the seedling row, a stake is driven every 5-6 meters, and the height of the stake is about 20 cm higher than that of the seedlings, and a wire or other strong rope is pulled on the stake. Set up a small "tent" for each row of seedlings with plastic film, and both sides and ends of the plastic film are buried with soil, which is airtight. It was not until the following spring that the temperature rose and stabilized. Plastic film mulching with scaffolds can delay the freezing period of soil, advance the thawing period and extend the growing period. At the same time, because there is no wind and high humidity in the shed, the seedlings will not suffer from physiological drought. The seedlings can grow rapidly after uncovering the film next year. After this method is used to protect seedlings in winter, the growth of seedlings is twice as large as that of unprotected seedlings.