Banpo settlement, about 5000 ~ 6000 years ago, is located in the residential area of banpo village, Xi City, Shaanxi Province, in the Yellow River valley. It has a big rectangular house, where clan members can move together. There are many small round or square houses around, which are the residences of clan members. There are trenches around the residential area to protect it. Most of the houses where Banpo residents live are semi-crypts. They first dug a square or round hole from the surface, buried pillars in the hole, then tied branches along the hole wall to form a fence, smeared grass mud inside and outside, and finally erected the roof. The floor of the house is very flat, with a pit in the middle, which is used for cooking, heating and lighting. The sleeping place is higher than the ground. ?

BEIJING, Jinan, April 1 Sunday (Reporter Wang Zhenguo) Today, archaeologists at Daxinzhuang site cleaned up two circular cylindrical holes of bone needles and pottery beans unearthed at the T 1502 excavation site. Archaeologists infer from the color and texture analysis of the soil near the pillar cave that it may be the cave where Shang ancestors used to store food and other things or the residence of Shang workshop workers. In T 1502 exploration area, archaeologist Zhang Qiang found an active surface with hard soil when he cleaned it to a depth of 1.4m from the ground. Most of the soil on this active surface is yellow, but the colors of the two circular areas are obviously different and gray. When he scraped with a tool, the trace of loose soil was very obvious, which was different from the surrounding hard soil. So Zhang Qiang removed the gray soil bit by bit along the interface of two different colors of soil, and the last two cylindrical holes were on the plane. These two holes are 20 cm deep and 2 1 cm in diameter, and the distance between them is 126 cm. According to the location of the two caves and the structure of the surrounding soil, Professor Fang Hui concluded that this was the residence of the ancestors of the Shang Dynasty, and the two regular circular caves were pillar holes for fixing pillars when building houses. According to the analysis of a slope with hard soil in front of two column holes, this house is a semi-crypt structure, and the slope is the only place to enter the house. For the specific use of the house, Professor Fang Hui made a detailed study of the soil around the column hole, but no charred soil such as black or brown was found nearby. He said that the newly discovered residence has basically no trace of the Shang Dynasty ancestors cooking with fire, and it may be a cave where the ancestors used to store food. "In the Shang Dynasty, generally speaking, the owner status of semi-crypt houses was relatively common. Wealthy families lived in houses with high ground, and the architectural style and internal structure of houses were quite complicated. It is also very likely to provide this semi-basement house for workshop workers. " Professor Fang Hui said.