Kangxi Dictionary Zhang: Page 2 1 Asia: Page 87 No.08 South: Page 157 No.05 Zhang is one of the largest surnames in China, with a long history and numerous families. Zhang used to have 44 aristocratic families, which is unparalleled among all surnames. Zhang's surname has three obvious characteristics. First, his surname is early and has a long history. Second, there are many clans all over the country, and there are Zhang clan relatives everywhere; Third, there are countless talents. Since ancient times, Zhang's outstanding figures have contributed to the prosperity of the Chinese nation. 1999 China hosted the World Expo in Kunming. A monument of "surname originated from Henan" was erected in the Expo Park. Among them, the third place is "Puyang Zhang surname". (4) According to the information provided by Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Hometown Map of the Most Popular Surnames in Henan shows that 73 of the most commonly used surnames in 100 are from Henan. Among them, Zhang surname and Yao surname originated from Puyang. According to 1, historical basis. 2. Cultural relics. 3 genealogical records. According to contemporary research results, in the era of the Yellow Emperor, Puyang was a transitional zone between the Chinese nation and the Dongyi nation, and the Yellow Emperor had to set up heavy defense here. As a result, the eldest son Xiao Xuan was sent to Dunqiu (present-day Gucheng area in southwest qingfeng county) by the Guqing River. The second son Changyi was sent to Changle (now five villages in the northwest of Nanle County) north of Dunqiu. The list of contemporary scholars Qiu Juxian and Yang's "Introduction to China Capital" records: "Xuanyao is in Dunqiu, now Puyang City, Henan Province." Memorabilia of Nanle County Records: "The Yellow Emperor designated Nanle area as the fief of his son Changyi, and built Changyi City in the northwest of this territory." Tong Mingzhi: "There is Changyi City in Nanle County, which was built by Changyi, the son of the Yellow Emperor." At first, Changyi City was in the same place as the tribal base of Cang Xie, the historian and poet of the Yellow Emperor. (2) In Zhuan Xu era, Diqiu (Puyang) was the capital of Emperor Zhuan Xu. Historical Records of the Five Emperors: "The Yellow Emperor collapsed and buried Qiao Shan. Levin, the son of Sun Changyi, became Emperor Zhuan Xu. " Qiu (now Puyang), the capital of Zhuan Xu. "Zuo Zhuan Zhao Zhuan Gong seventeen years": "Wei, Zhuan Xu market is also, so its land is also high." Chronology of Bamboo Book: "Zhuan Xu Jupu." History of Han Geography: "Laodi Mountain, Puyang, East County." Sipailou Square, located in the center of Cross Street in Puyang Old Town, was built in the first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1522). When it was first built, "Zhuan Xu Capital" was engraved in the south and "Zhuan Xu Legacy Capital" was engraved in the east. According to research, Gong Hui lived in Dengqiu, the feudal city of Qingyang, Xiao Xuan, when he was young, and served as assistant minister of Zhuan Xu in Diqiu when he was old, so he was named Diqiu. Qingyang is in Qingshui (common in Qing Dynasty and Qing Dynasty), and the ancient Qinghe River flows through Puyang, which proves that Zhang's ancestor waved and grew up in Puyang today. 2 cultural relics and historic sites. Yilong 1987 discovered "China Yilong No.6438" in Xishuipo, the old town of Puyang more than 6400 years ago. Dragon is the totem of the Chinese nation. The discovery of "China Yilong" in the old town of Puyang shows that the dragon and dragon root are in Puyang. "China Yilong" site is located about 65,438+00 km west of Zhuan Xu Mausoleum and Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, and about 65,438+0 km east of the site is the ancient site of Hui cemetery. (2) Zhuan Xu Mausoleum and Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, now collectively referred to as the "Second Mausoleum", are located about 10 km west of Puyang Old Town. Due to the change of administrative divisions, it belongs to Liangzhuang Township, Neihuang County. (3) Dang the ancient site of the cemetery. In ancient times, Diqiu (Puyang) was the transition area between Dongyi and Huangdi, so Huangdi wanted to fortify Diqiu, so he sealed his son Xiao Xuan in Qingyang. After Chiyou moved northward, the commercial center of Huangdi moved to northern Henan and southern Hebei, so Huangdi defeated Chiyou in Zhuolu (Sanggan River basin in northwest Hebei Province). When Zhuan Xu's grandson Zhuan Xu made Puyang its capital, Xiao Xuan's grandson Di Ku also made Diqiu its capital. Therefore, Lu's "Ming Ji Bing" records: "Puyang, the capital of the queen, is now a county, and the so-called Diqiu has Zhuan Xu City." Zhuan Xu and Di Ku were buried in Puyang after their death. Therefore, Zhang's ancestors spent their childhood in Puyang with his father Xuantao, and assisted his cousin Zhuan Xu to work in Puyang, where Zhang Zugen was located, as an adult. . Regarding the ancestor of Zhang, there are the following records in the history books of past dynasties: "The fifth descendants of the Yellow Emperor are bows, and bows and arrows are made by observing the arc stars, and the Lord worships the arc stars. Because of the surname Zhang (see Yuan He's Compilation), "he waved an arrow and was sealed by Zhang, followed by Gong's. Looking out of Puyang. " "Zhang of the State of Jin, that is to say, Zhang of the State of Jin did not begin with Zhang's solution, but was a descendant of Qing, which was divided into three parts, and who was the official of Korea, that is, Jin people took the word as their surname. The genealogist is called the son of the Yellow Emperor and the fifth son of Qingyang family. He bows and watches the arc stars, then makes bows and arrows, worships the arc stars, and gives his surname Zhang. This is not a natural surname. According to the Jin Dynasty, there was a surname Zhang. Since then, the Zhang family has appeared in the Jin Dynasty, so it is undoubtedly because of the word "Zhang". (See "Tongzhi". Clan strategy. Take the word as the surname ")" Zhang's surname comes from Ji's surname, and Zhou's ancestor comes from Korea. The most popular 12 are Xiangyang, Luoyang, Hedong, Shixing, Feng Yi, Pingyuan, Qinghe, Hejian, Zhongshan, Wei and Shu (see Yuan Gui's Preface to Zhang's Genealogy). According to the above records, Zhang Qingyang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, gave birth to a son. After the Yellow Emperor sealed China, it was the ancestor of Zhang. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that Zhang is a direct descendant of the Yellow Emperor. This famous Chinese descendant is very clever. When he saw the arc star in the sky, he made a bow and an arrow by imitating its shape. It turns out that there is a star named "Tiangong" in the sky, which is called "Arc" for short. It belongs to Su Jing, on nine planets southeast of Sirius. Eight stars, such as arches, and aliens, such as vectors, are in the dog and Nanchuan constellations. Song history. Heaven asked: "nine planets is in the southeast of Wolf Star, and so is the bow." He saw the bow and was inspired by the shape of the bow and arrow, and invented the bow and arrow, an important weapon in ancient times. He was also given the surname Zhang. However, the original "Zhang" has an unnatural surname meaning. Because after the invention of the bow and arrow, before using it, the bow must be pulled open with strength, otherwise, it cannot be used. Therefore, the swing is named "Zhang". Since then, the descendants of the swing have been divided into two factions, some surnamed Gong and some surnamed Zhang, which is also the reason. Later generations of Zhang, when talking about their surnames, often interpret it as "a bow with a long beard" because of this. This surnamed Zhang, who originated from the swing, got his surname very early and is the earliest and oldest surnamed Zhang in China. Nearly 2000 years later, about 3000 years ago, in the Zhou Dynasty, two more Zhang surnames appeared on the land of China. Different from other surnames, these two newly added Zhang surnames are also named Huangdi, and they both come from Korea and Jin State established by the descendants of free Ji surnames. In South Korea and the State of Jin, some people take Zhang as their surname, that is, "Zhang's surname comes from Ji's surname, and those who go to Zhou's surname come from Korea", and "Zhang's surname comes from the State of Jin, and the word originated from the State of Jin". In the total origin of Zhang, two more origins have been added. These two Zhang's origins are more than two thousand years later than Houlang's, but they are all descendants of Xuanyuan Huangdi, but they are far and near. As for the earliest origin of Zhang's surname, this swinging branch directly handed down by the Yellow Emperor originated in Puyang, Henan Province. Puyang is the birthplace of the Zhang family in China, and also the seat of the Zhang family of the Chinese nation. After arriving in North Korea and Jin State of Zhou Dynasty, the origin of Zhang surname also developed to many places due to the addition of new origin. At that time, South Korea's "12 most promising people" was quoted by Jue Yuan, but it is no longer here. At that time, the State of Jin became a prominent family of Zhang's "Qinghe, Nanyang, Anding, Dunhuang, Wuwei, Fanyang, Qianwei, Liangzhong, Zhongshan, Hanoi and Gaoping". Han and Jin changed their surnames to Zhang, later than their descendants, but later came from behind and spread widely. According to "China Surname House Zhang Paper Atlas", in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang had a reputation of 43, which not only spread all over the country, but also became a prominent family in many places, surpassing other surnames. These two surnames of Zhang in Zhou Dynasty played an important role in Zhang's becoming the most popular surname in China. In the origin of Zhang's surname, there are also elements of ethnic minorities joining. After the Han Dynasty, due to the prosperity of Liu Han, some ethnic minorities changed their surnames to Liu, and a few ethnic minorities changed their surnames to Zhang. Some people with the same surname admire Zhang's clan, but they also abandon their original surname and choose Zhang to follow. "Historical Records Zhang Liao's real name is Nie, later changed to Zhang. Historical Records Biography of Longyou also records that Zhuge Liang named Longyou Zhang in the Han Dynasty. These are all examples. There are many branches of the Zhang clan, and the situation of spreading and moving is also more complicated. Because the Zhang family is all over the country and the Zhang family is all over the country, the Zhang family's spread and migration for thousands of years has its very complicated characteristics. Although the Zhang family has its own breeding centers in various places, its ancestors, migration time and route are different from other surnames. It moves in different places, at different times, along different routes and in different directions. In 1970s, Zhang was the first surname in China, and since 1980s, Zhang ranked third among hundreds of surnames.